• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.58 no.5
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• pp.21.1-21.8
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• 2016

Background: The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of feeding trace mineralsfortified mixed microbial culture (TMC) on ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, blood electrolyte status, nitrogen balance, and trace mineral balance in sheep. Methods: Mixed microbes [0.6 % (v/w) of Enterobacter sp., Bacillus sp., Lactobacillus sp., and Saccharomyces sp.] were cultured with 99 % feedstuffs and 0.4 % trace minerals including zinc and copper for ensiling. Six sheep (a mean body weight of $46.5{\pm}1.2kg$) were fed two diets: a control diet (concentrate mix and rye straw) and an experimental diet (a control diet + 3.1 % TMC). Results: TMC feeding did not induce negative effects on ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, blood electrolytes, and nitrogen balance in sheep. Feeding with TMC increased the intake of trace minerals (p < 0.05) and did not affect absorption of trace minerals in the whole digestive tract. Feeding with TMC increased fecal excretion and absorbable intake, and retention of zinc and copper (p < 0.05) by 71 % and 77 %, respectively. Conclusion: Feeding with TMC resulted in higher zinc and copper bioavailability and retention without any adverse effects on sheep performance.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.173-184
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• 2018

In medical or public health research, it is common to encounter clustered or longitudinal count data that exhibit excess zeros. For example, health care utilization data often have a multi-modal distribution with excess zeroes as well as a multilevel structure where patients are nested within physicians and hospitals. To analyze this type of data, zero-inflated count models with mixed effects have been developed where a count response variable is assumed to be distributed as a mixture of a Poisson or negative binomial and a distribution with a point mass of zeros that include random effects. However, no study has considered a situation where data are also censored due to the finite nature of the observation period or follow-up. In this paper, we present a weighted version of zero-inflated Poisson model with random effects accounting for variable individual follow-up times. We suggested two different types of weight function. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated and compared to a standard zero-inflated mixed model through simulation studies. This approach is then applied to Medicaid data analysis.

• Water for future
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.235-244
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• 1996

A one-dimensional eddy diffusion model and a mixed-layer model are developed and applied to simulate the vertical temperature profiles in lakes. Also the running results of each method are compared and analyzed. In an eddy diffusion model, molecular diffusivity is neglected and eddy diffusivity which does not need lake-specific fitting parameter and constant lake's level are applied. The heat exchanges at the water surface and the bottom are formulated by the energy balance and zero energy gradient, respectively. In a mixed-layer model, two layers approach which has a constant thickness is adopted. Application of these models which use explicit finite difference an Runge-Kutta methods respectively demonstrates that the models efficiently simulate water temperatures.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.90-97
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• 2020

Recently, with the growth of mixed reality industrial infrastructure, relevant convergence research has been proposed. For real-time mixed reality services such as remote video conferencing, the research on real-time acquisition-process-transfer methods is required. This paper aims to implement an AR remote rendering method of volumetric 3D video data. We have proposed and implemented two modules; one, the parsing module of the volumetric 3D video to a game engine, and two, the server rendering module. The result of the experiment showed that the volumetric 3D video sequence data of about 15 MB was compressed by 6-7%. The remote module was streamed at 27 fps at a 1200 by 1200 resolution. The results of this paper are expected to be applied to an AR cloud service.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.3498-3506
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• 1996

A loading device to be used in fracture experiment is presented. It's loading angle can be adjusted from $-45^{\circ}$ to $105^{\circ}$ at intervals of $15^{\circ}$ for a CTS ( compact tension-shear) specimen, so that it is to be useful to measure mixed mode toughness. The equations to give the $K_ I$, $K_ I1$ and J-integral for the experiment are evluated though finite elemetn analysis in which the loading procedure is simulated and the behaviors of the specimen such as load-displacement curve are estimated. In the course of the evaluation the values $K_ I$, $K_ I1$ and J-integral calculated through recentrly released numerical methods are employed as the reference ones.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 1966

Various thiocyanatoammine chromium complex salts are prepared by the known methods and the Rf. value of these complex salts are determined by four developers. These four developers were used in the paper chromatographical work of cobalt complex salts by Yamamoto in 1954. It was also found that the developer A (Ch$_{3}$OH, acetone, NH$_{4}$OH) gave best results of these four developers and the decending development gave better results than ascending development in this experiment. In the case of decending development using developer A, it is found that the Rf. value is increased with the number of thiocyanate radical. The reason of this curious results can be explained that the thiocyanate radical in the complex ion is more active for the organic solvent than ammine radical. Shifting of electrons to the central metal and the charge of the complex ion can also effect ot the Rf. value but much questions are remained for the explanation of the above curious phenomenon. Separation of mixed sample is also studied for various mixture of the above complex salts. In the case of the mixture of hexammine and diammine complex salt, the clear separation is possible but in almost all other mixed sample, the results are not clear. Therefore it can be said that the results of this work can be used in the qualitative analysis of the individual complex salts, except the mixed sample of hexammine and diammine complex salts.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.349-363
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• 2020

Penalized spline is a suitable nonparametric approach in estimating mean model in small area. However, application of the approach in informative sampling in a published article is uncommon. We propose a semiparametric mixed-model using penalized spline under informative sampling to estimate mean of small area. The response variable is explained in terms of mean model, informative sample effect, area random effect and unit error. We approach the mean model by penalized spline and utilize a penalized spline function of the inclusion probability to account for the informative sample effect. We determine the best and unbiased estimators for coefficient model and derive the restricted maximum likelihood estimators for the variance components. A simulation study shows a decrease in the average absolute bias produced by the proposed model. A decrease in the root mean square error also occurred except in some quadratic cases. The use of linear and quadratic penalized spline to approach the function of the inclusion probability provides no significant difference distribution of root mean square error, except for few smaller samples.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.10D no.7
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• pp.1145-1148
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• 2003

We show the mixed finite element method which induces solutions that has the same order of errors for both the gradient of the solution and the solution itself. The technique to construct an efficient reusable matrix is suggested. Two families of mixed finite element methods are introduced with an automatic generating technique for matrix with my order of basis. The generated matrix by this technique has more accurate values and is a sparse matrix. This new technique is applied to solve a minimal surface problem.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.36-44
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• 1999

The rapid Tooling technique is classified into two methods: one to directly utilize the model which was made by rapid prototyping technologies for dies, and the other to make a transferred type using the model as a master model and create dies and molds using it. In this study, the Al powder filled resin was made several mixed ratios and meshes sizes, and applied to slurry casting. And, variation of mechanical characteristics such as the shrinkage rate, the tensile strength, the elongation, the hardness, and surface roughness, are measured to compare. Consequently, as higher is the powder mixed ration and as smaller is the grain size of the power, the mechanical characteristics of the final mold are improved. Finally, the metal short fiber which can be fabricated easily and cheaply, if the self-excited vibration of an elastic tool, was also applied to slurry casting. It has been found tat the hardness gets higher, while the shrinkage rate lower, if mixed with short fiber.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.483-495
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• 2007

In a general fractional factorial design, the n-levels of a factor are coded by the $n^{th}$ roots of the unity. Pistone and Rogantin (2007) gave a full generalization to mixed-level designs of the theory of the polynomial indicator function using this device. This article discusses the optimal blocking scheme for nonregular designs. According to hierarchical principle, the minimum aberration (MA) has been used as an important criterion for selecting blocked regular fractional factorial designs. MA criterion is mainly based on the defining contrast groups, which only exist for regular designs but not for nonregular designs. Recently, Cheng et al. (2004) adapted the generalized (G)-MA criterion discussed by Tang and Deng (1999) in studying $2^p$ optimal blocking scheme for nonregular factorial designs. The approach is based on the method of replacement by assigning $2^p$ blocks the distinct level combinations in the column with different blocks. However, when blocking level is not a power of two, we have no clue yet in any sense. As an example, suppose we experiment during 3 days for 12-run Plackett-Burman design. How can we arrange the 12-runs into the three blocks? To solve the problem, we apply G-MA criterion to nonregular mixed-level blocked scheme via the mixed-level indicator function and give an answer for the question.