• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 2019

In this study, the inhibitory effects of crude polysaccharide fractions separated from Perilla frutescens Britton var. acuta Kudo (PCP) on melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity were observed. B16F10 melanoma cells were treated with 125 and $250{\mu}g/mL$ of PCP for 24 hours. Using these optimal concentrations, inhibition of melanin synthesis inhibition was measured, and PCP treatment significantly reduced melanin synthesis induced by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). In addition, western blotting analysis on B16F10 melanoma cells showed that PCP inhibited tyrosinase, microphthalmia-associated transcriptipn factor, tyrosinase related protein-1, and tyrosinase related protein-2 expression. Therefore, these results indicate that PCP may have potential inhibitory activity against melanin synthesis and may be a natural ingredient useful for the development of whitening materials in cosmetics and functional foods.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.417-422
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• 2022

We tried to check the antioxidant activity and toxicity of trichosanthis cucumeroidis radix extracts in skin cells, and check the possibility of their use as a functional material that can be effectively used on the skin. Total polyphenol and total flavonoid content, which are indicators of antioxidant activity of trichosanthis cucumeroidis radix extracts, were confirmed, and cytotoxicity was confirmed using Neutral red assay in the skin. As a result of the study, the content of total polyphenols and total flavonoids increased concentration-dependent. High survival rates in fibroblast HDF cells were identified, and cell survival rates were significantly lowered from 5 ㎍/mL in melanocytes B16F10 melanoma cells and inflammation-related macrophages RAW 264.7 cells. He results of this study are believed to be available as basic data for antioxidant activity of trichosanthis cucumeroidis radix extracts and skin cells.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.949-957
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• 2024

There has been a growing interest in skin beauty and antimelanogenic products. Melanogenesis is the process of melanin synthesis whereby melanocytes are activated by UV light or hormone stimulation to produce melanin. Melanogenesis is mediated by several enzymes, such as tyrosinase (TYR), microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), and TRP-2. In this study, we investigated the effect of Tuber himalayense extract on melanin synthesis in α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-treated B16F10 melanoma cells. We confirmed that T. himalayense extract was not toxic to α-MSH-treated B16F10 melanoma cells and exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on melanin synthesis at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 ㎍/ml. Additionally, the T. himalayense extract inhibited melanin, TRP-1, TRP-2, tyrosinase, and MITF, which are enzymes involved in melanin synthesis, in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, T. himalayense extract inhibited the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. Therefore, we hypothesized that various components of T. himalayense extract affect multiple factors involved in melanogenesis in B16F10 cells. Our results indicate that T. himalayense extract could potentially be used as a new material for preparing whitening cosmetics.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2024

In this study, the various whitening activities of Inonotus obliquus were assessed for potential use as functional cosmetic materials. When measuring electron donating ability to confirm the antioxidant ability of I. obliquus extract, increased activity was observed as the concentration increased, and it was found an outstanding antioxidant capacity of 82.1% at a 1,000 ㎍/ml concentration. Also, the tyrosinase inhibitory effect, related to a whitening effect, was found to have inhibitory activity that increased in a concentration-dependent manner. The results of verifying the viability of melanoma cells (B16F10) using an MTT assay showed cell viability of more than 80% at concentrations below 100 ㎍/ml. Therefore, cell-related experiments were conducted at 25, 50, and 100 ㎍/ml concentrations. By measuring protein expression related to melanin synthesis via treating B16F10 cells with I. obliquus extract, it was confirmed that protein expression was inhibited in all factors, depending on the concentration. TRP-1 and MITF appeared by 40.1% and 64.2% amount of expression, respectively, at 100 ㎍/ml concentrations, and tyrosinase and TRP-2 were verified as having better protein expression inhibition than arbutin. In measuring mRNA expression related to melanin synthesis by treating B16F10 cells with I. obliquus extract, it was confirmed that mRNA expression was suppressed as the concentration increased. Accordingly, it was confirmed that I. obliquus extract has excellent whitening activity and could be used as a cosmetic material.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2017

In this study, to evaluate antioxidant activity and safety on skin of Arctium lappa L. root extract, antioxidant activity was understood through total content of polyphenol, total content of flavonoid and DPPH radical scavenging activity, and cytotoxicity for B16F10 melanoma and skin cell protection effect for ultraviolet rays A were confirmed. To verify the application as cosmetic material, the first skin patch test was performed. The result of this experiment showed that as the content of Arctium lappa L. root extract increased, the content of polyphenol and flavonoid increased, and DPPH radical scavenging activity was confirmed. The result of checking cytotoxicity for B16F10 melanoma cells showed that it had low toxicity, and over 80% cell protection effect for ultraviolet rays A was confirmed. In addition, through the first skin patch test, Arctium lappa L. root extract was confirmed to have almost no skin irritation. Through this result, Arctium lappa L. root extract is excellent in skin protection from ultraviolet rays, has low toxicity for skin cells and is safe on skin, so its possibility of being a cosmetic ingredient was verified.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.3 s.58
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• pp.153-160
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• 2006

We synthesized 2',4'-dimethoxyflavone and investigated the effects on melanogenesis. To determine the effects as a whitening agent, various in uitro tests were performed such as free radical scavenging activity, melanin assay, tyrosinase activity and expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2 (western blot and RT-PCR) in Bl6 melanoma cells. 2',4'-Dimethoxyflavone showed neither free radical scavenging activities against 1,1- diphenyl -2-picrylhydrazvl (DPPH) radical and inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity, 2',4'-dimethoxyflavone significantly inhibited melanin production in B16 melanoma cells. 2',4'-Dimethoxyflavone treatment (48h) suppressed the biosynthesis of melanin up to 27% at $5{\mu}g/mL$ and reduced tyrosinase activity up to 20% at $5{\mu}g/mL$ in B16 melanoma cells. 2',4'-Dimethoxyflavone was also able to significantly inhibit tyrosinase and TRP-1 expression in protein and mRNA level. These results suggest that 2',4'-dimethoxyflavone inhibits melanin biosynthesis at the level of enzyme activity and protein mRNA expression B16 melanoma cells. Therefore, 2',4'-dimethoxyflavone may be useful as a new whitening agent in cosmetics.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 2009

In order to investigate the potential of a Dayflower (Commelina communis L.) extract as an active in gredient for whitening cosmetics, we prepared aqueous Commelina communis L. extract We measured its mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity, cellular tyrosinase activity, and melanin synthesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells. It did not show inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase but showed melanin synthesis inhibitory activity. In a melanin synthesis inhibition assay using mouse B16-F10 melanoma cell, it suppressed melanin production up to 32% at a concentration of $1,000{\mu}/mL$ without cytotoxicity, and also reduced cellular tyrosinase activity to above 50 % above the concentration of $250{\mu}g/mL$. In study on the melanogenic protein expressions, it had especially influence on expression of tyrosinase protein, which is a well-known key protein on melanogenesis, and tyrosinase expression was gradually decreased in a dose-dependent. Dayflower also blocked N-glycosylation of TRP-2, but affected on the expression of TRP-1 rather than on blocking of N-glycosylation processing. Therefore, this result suggests that aqueous Commelina communis L. extract could be used as an active ingredient for whitening cosmetics.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.280-287
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• 2022

The loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) is a fruit tree belonging to the Rosaceae family. Loquat fruit extracts from three cultivars (Tanaka, Mogi, and Jinwang) were prepared using absolute methanol and homogenization and ultrasound sonication procedures. We measured the total phenolic and flavonoid content of the fruit extracts and their antioxidant capacities. In addition, we evaluated tyrosinase activity and anti-melanogenic effects in B16F1 melanoma cells. The fruit extract from cv. Tanaka had the highest total phenolic content and showed the highest antioxidant capacity in the ABTS assay. The loquat fruit extract from cv. Jinwang had the highest total flavonoid content and showed the highest antioxidant capacity in the DPPH assay. Loquat fruit extracts from the Tanaka and Jinwang cultivars effectively inhibited mushroom tyrosinase activity. The loquat fruit extracts reduced intracellular oxidative stress in B16F1 melanoma cells. Treating B16F1 melanoma cells with loquat fruit extract from cv. Tanaka at a concentration of 125 ㎍/mL effectively inhibited melanin synthesis. However, treating the B16F1 melanoma cells with loquat fruit extracts from the Jinwang and Mogi cultivars did not. These results suggest that loquat fruit extracts from the Tanaka cultivar may serve as potential sources of antioxidants and act as a skin-whitening agent.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.131-148
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• 2005

This study is peformed to investigate the effect of water extract from Vaccinium uliginosum L., on melanin production in B 16 melanoma cells, procollagen production and matrix metalloproteinase-1(MMP-1) inhibition in human fibroblast cells. One hundred grams of the Vaccinium uliginosum L. was extracted with 2000 mL of water($90^{\circ}C$, 16h, 2times). The water extracts were lyophilized and stored at $4^{\circ}C$ until used. Dry weight yields of extracts of Vaccinium uliginosum L. were $3\%$(w/w). Extracts from Vaccinium uliginosum L. showed scavenger activities on DPPH radical, superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide and singlet oxygen radical. And these substances inhibited release of cyiokines from human keratinocyte after UV B exposure. Therefore we confirmed that extracts from Vaccinium uliginosum L. had antioxidative effect. These substances inhibited purified tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis in B 16 melanoma cells treated/untreated IL-$1{\alpha}$. Moreover this extract stimulated procollagen production and inhibited MMP-1 production in human fibroblast cells treated/untreated IL-$1{\beta}$. Therefore we confirmed that extracts from Vaccinium uliginosum L. had whitening effect. And these substances decreased degree of wrinkle in hairless mouse skin that induced by UV B irradiation. Therefore we confirmed that extracts from Vaccinium uliginosum L. had anti-wrinkle effect. From the above results, it is possible that Vaccinium uliginosum L. may be developed to be an anti-melanogenesis agent and anti-wrinkle agent.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.818-822
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• 2002

Fruits of Cornus Officinalis have been used as an astrinent, tonic and haemostatic in chinese medicine, contain a large amount of hydrolyzable tannins. The main aim of the present study was to examine the effect of Corni Fructus on melanogenesis. Cells were cultured in the presence of water extracts from Corni Fructus for 48 h, and there were estimated total melanin content as a final product and activity of tyrosinase, a key enzyme, in melanogenesis. Water extract from Corni Fructus increased the melanin content and tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent mammer. Especially, It was observed that 100 μg/ml only water extract stimulated melanin secretion in B16/F10 melanoma cells by 130% at 48 h treatment and activity of tyrosinase increased by 160% in presence of same concentration.