• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.770-778
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• 2012

In this study, the effects of intake of Acer mono Max. seed oil, and Magnolia denudata seed oil on the lipid levels of mouse blood were compared to those of commercially available vegetable oils. Five ICR mice were each fed a corn oil, Acer mono Max. seed oil, and Magnolia denudata seed oil supplemented diet for a total of 8 weeks. The serum profiles of mice fed Acer mono Max. seed oil and Magnolia denudata seed oil were high in palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid. The saturated fatty acid contents of mice fed Acer mono Max. seed oil and Magnolia denudata seed oil were 3.95% and 0.88%, whereas the unsaturated fatty acid contents were 8.71% and 4.60%, respectively. The liver and spleen weights of mice fed Acer mono Max. seed oil were higher than those fed corn oil (p<0.05). Total cholesterol level was highest in mice fed Acer mono Max. seed oil (p<0.05), whereas there were no significant changes in the cholesterol levels of mice fed Magnolia denudata seed oil and corn oil. The HDL-cholesterol levels in mice fed Acer mono Max. seed oil ($175.80{\pm}27.66mg/d{\ell}$) and in those fed Magnolia denudata seed oil ($145.20{\pm}19.10mg/d{\ell}$) were higher compared to those of mice fed corn oil (p<0.05). In conclusion, there were no significant differences in fatty acid composition between mice fed Acer mono Max. seed oil and Magnolia denudata seed oil. Future study on the antioxidant effects of seed oils should be carried out.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.315-318
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• 2009

Three lignans were isolated from the fruit of Magnolia denudata (Magnoliaceae) through repeated column chromatography. Their chemical structures were elucidated as sesamin, kobusin and eudesmin, respectively, by spectroscopic analysis. These compounds were isolated for the first time from the fruit of Magnolia denudata.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.916-920
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• 2007

Flowers of Magnolia denudata has been reported to possess a variety of pharmacological activities. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of the water extract of Flowers of Magnolia denudata(MD) in lipopolysacchride (LPS)-mediated inflammatory mediators in murine peritoneal macrophages. MD itself does not have any toxic effects in murine peritoneal macrophages. MD inhibits LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$, IL-6 and IL-12 production in murine peritoneal macrophages. Furthermore, we have found that MD inhibited LPS-induced $NF-{\kappa}B$ but not c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 and extracellular signal-ragulated kinase (ERK) activation. These results suggested that MD inhibit LPS-induced production of $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6 and IL-12 via suppression of the $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.35 no.2 s.137
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• pp.152-156
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• 2004

The bioassay-guided fractionation of the MeOH extract of the flowers of Magnolia denudata led us to the isolation of six compounds identified as fargesin(1), kobusin(2), aschantin(3), magnolin(4), rel-[7s,8s,8's]-3,4,3',4'-tetra- methoxy-9,7'- dihydroxy-8,8',7.O.9'-lignan(5) and oplodiol(6), respectively. Among the isolated compounds, fargesin(1) showed most potent inhibitory effect on the melanin polymer biosynthesis in cultured B-16 mouse melanoma cell lines$(IC_{50},\;45.7\;{\mu}M)$.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.35-49
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• 2013

Objectives : We aimed to determine therapeutic effects of probiotics-fermented Magnolia denudata(MD) in the allergic rhinitis model mice. Methods : Polyphenol production, DPPH radical scavenging activity and NO inhibition of fermented MD by different bacterial strains were evaluated to select the one that is most suitable for fermentation. Thirty C57BL/6 mice were divided randomly into 5 groups as follows: normal group, ovalbumin(OVA)-treated plus water fed(CON group), OVA-treated plus unfermented MD fed(UMD group), OVA-treated plus fermented autoclaved MD fed(A-FMD group) and OVA-treated plus fermented unautoclaved MD fed(FMD group). After 9 weeks, we observed changes in the blood cell count, OVA-specific IgE level, nasal rubbing, nasal mucosal tissue and body weight. Results : Extract of MD fermented by Bifidobacterium breve(BB) for 48 hours showed the highest anti-oxidant activity and anti-inflammatory activity out of all the other bacterial strains. The number of eosinophil count in A-FMD, FMD group and platelet count in FMD group showed statistically significant decrease(p<0.05). OVA-specific IgE level decreased in all 3 experimental groups, significantly in UMD and A-FMD group. Nasal symptoms were attenuated in all 3 experimental groups, statistically significant in A-FMD and FMD group (p<0.05). Histologically, infiltration of eosinophils into the nasal mucosa decreased in all 3 experimental groups, especially marked decrease in FMD group. Conclusions : According to the above results, it is considered that probiotics-fermented Magnolia denudata has inhibitory effects on the allergic rhinitis animal models.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.11
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• pp.1478-1484
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• 2009

The antioxidant, antiproliferation, and nitrate synthesis inhibitory effects of Magnolia denudata extracts (ME) were evaluated. The ME was extracted with 70% (v/v) ethanol and fractionated with solvents of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-buthanol and aqueous. The ethyl acetate fraction contained the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents of 427.10 mg garlic acid eq/g and 356.05 mg catechin eq/g, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction showed strong 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity with a 50% inhibition concentration ($IC_{50}$) of 0.20 mg/mL and total antioxidant activity was 0.90 mg AA eq/100 mg. From the results of cytotoxic effects of HCT116, NCL-H460, and HepG2 human cancer cells by MTT assay on the ME and its solvent fraction, chloroform fraction showed the highest cytotoxic effect ($IC_{50}$ value: 0.14, 0.37, and 0.41 mg/mL, respectively). Nitrate synthesis inhibitory effect of ME and its solvent fractions on nitric oxide synthase activity in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were decreased in dose-dependent manners, and $IC_{50}$ value of hexane and chloroform fractions were 0.39 and 0.49 mg/mL, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 1983

The observation of branching pattern on Magnolia denudata Desr. was performed from July 1982 to September 1983 and then computer simulation was carried out. Tree crown pattern depends on not genetic factors but also environmental factors and the determination of branchin pattern which characterized it appears to properly explain the relationships such as branching pattern and allocation of materials through the analysis of influence branches under several assumptions. Now that computer simulated simulated pattern was considered as the accumulation of two factors which controled the growth, it was represented as the stimulated tree which differs in branching rate that described allocation of material necessary for the growth of each branch. There was a tendency of allocation ratio of nutrients, i.e. subbranch to main branch to decrease by the passage of year. Under assumption that branch was branched when accumulated material reached 1, it was possible to represent the allocation of nutrients are residual $nutrient{\times}\frac{1}{1+F};in main; branch, ; residual; nutrient{\times}\frac{F}{1+F}$ in subbranch, A(iA, iC)+$F^(iA-1)$ in current twig. Like this, the basic minute difference of the allocation of nutrients according to the branch resulted in complicated patterns in the tree crown.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2014

Contents of phenolics, flavonoids, and catechins, and antioxidant activity were investigated in the ethanol extracts of three different flower species, Magnolia denudata, Prunus mume, Carthamus tinctorius. Total phenolics were more present in M. denudata than P. mume or C. tinctorius, ranging from 72.6 to 118.0 mg/kg (p < 0.05). Total flavonoids level had same tendency to total phenolics content, showing highest amount (25.1 mg/kg) in M. denudata. The antioxidant activity of the methanol extracts from all the flowers dose-dependently increased. DPPH free radical scavenging activity at 250 mg/kgwas higher in M. denudata and P. mume by 93.0 and 92.6%, respectively, than C. tinctorius by 23.0% (p < 0.05). Total catechins content including 6 compounds was higher in M. denudate (9,425.5 mg/kg) than that in P. mume or C. tinctorius (3,407.8 or 190.6 mg/kg). However, P. mume extracts showed highest amount in caffeine as well as vitamine C. DPPH radical scavenging activity in three different flowers was highly correlated with contents of total phenolics ($r^2=0.7994$), total flavonoids ($r^2=0.9131$), and total catechins ($r^2=0.5929$), and their content and activities were different depending on species.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.341-349
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• 2015

Magnoliae Flos (Sini in Korean) is one of the most important oriental medicinal plants. In the Korean Herbal Pharmacopeia, the bud of the all species in Manolia denudate and Manolia genus were regarded as the botanical sources for ‘Sini’. Most the dried bud of Manolia denudata, Manolia biondii and Manolia sprengeri were used as ‘Xin-yi’ in China. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine and compare the ‘Magnolia’ species, four species including Manolia denudata, M. biondii, M. liliiflora and M. Kobus were analysis of sequencing data revealed DNA polymorphisms. The based on tRNA coding leucine/phenylalanine (trnL-F) and NADH-plastoquinone oxidoreductase subunit 5 (ndhF) sequences in chloroplast DNA. For the identification of ‘Magnolia’ species, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of chloroplast DNA regions such as ndhF have proven an appropriate method. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been identified between genuine “Sini” and their fraudulent and misuse. Specific PCR primers were designed from this polymorphic site within the sequence data, and were used to detect true plants via multiplex PCR.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 1988

Predicting treeform should be very important, eventhough it is difficult, step for landscape designers. This study was carried out to develop a method to classify the treeforms of landscape plants by numerical data. Twenty five treeforms are selected to be compared with 41 Zelkova serrata MAKINO, 26 Pinus strobus L., and 44 Magnolia denudata DESROUX. Statistical judgement was made by using X$^2$-Test. The results are summerized as follows. 1. Zelkova serrata was classified as B3 or C3. This species showed a tendency of changing from A type to B or C type, and the CL/CH ratio(canopy length/canopy height) is thought to be increased as aged. 2. pinus strobus was classified as D4-D5 and the CL/CH ratio tends to be increased as aged. 3. Magnolia denudata was classified as D4 and the change by aging was not observed clearly.