• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2007

Korean mistletoe (Viscum album L) extract has been found to posses immunoregulating activity. In this study, Korean mistletoe extract, M11C (non-lectin components), was used to know whether this extract activates splenocytes to secret interleukin $1\beta(IL-1\beta)$. The splenocytes were treated with M11C, and then collected the supernatant and cell lysate that were prepared to analyze the level of $IL-1\beta$, using ELISA, immunoblotting, and RT-PCR. Maximum effective dose and time of M11C on $IL-1\beta$ secretion from splenocytes were $200{\mu}g/m\ell$ and 8 hours, respectively. Treatment dose and time for the maximum expression of $IL-1\beta$ mRNA were $200{\mu}g/m\ell$ and 4 hours, respectively. Saccharide degradation enzyme Viscozyme L completely blocked the effect of M11C on $IL-1\beta$ secretion from splenocytes. As the result, among non-lectin components saccharide could be regarded as a main component for $IL-1\beta$ expression from splenocytes.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.101-115
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• 1985

Using Brandt model the mess distribution of the late type spiral galaxy NGC 6946 was derived, and the total mass was reestimated to understand the M/L ratio of this galaxy. Two kinds of the rotation curve with shape parameter n=1 and 3.3 were examined. The following are the main results; (1) The total masses of NGC 6946 are $3.1\times$$10^{11}$ M(n=1) AND $2.8\times$$10^{11}$ M(n=3.3) respectively. and the corresponding M/L are about 17 and 16 for both cases. (2) The optical image in the blue light, whose radius is 9.6 kpc, has 8$\times$$10^{10}$ M and 1.4$\times$$10^{11}$ M. These give the value of M/L about 5 and 8 respectively. (3) The masses and M/L of the nuclear region within 1.2 kpc are 4.0$\times$$10^{9}$ M 4.7$\times$$10^9$ M and 3, 4 for both cases. Those of the disk from 1.2 kpc to 9.6 kpc are 7.6$\times$1$10^{10}$M, 1.4$\times$$10^{11}$M, and 5, 8. (4) The masses of the outer halo extended to few hundreds kiloparsecs are 2.3$\times$$10^{11}$ M and 1.4$\times$$10^{11}$M. The corresponding M/L are about 62 and 37.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.170-178
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• 2001

Background: Korean mistletoe (Viscum album) extract has been found to posses immunostimulatory activity. In this study, Korean mistletoe extract, M11C (non-lectin components), was used to know whether this extract might activate mouse peritoneal macrophages to produce interleukin $1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$). Methods: Hemagglutination assay was carried out to examine whether M11C contained a lectin or not. To know the effect of M11C on the production of IL-$1{\beta}$, the macrophages were treated by the M11C, and then collected the supernatant (M11C stimulated macrophages-conditioned media; MMCM). MMCM was analyzed for the IL-$1{\beta}$ quantification and mRNA expression by means of ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. Results: Maximum effective dose and time of M11C on IL-$1{\beta}$ production from macrophages were $20{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and 8 hours, respectively. This ELISA data was reconfirmed by immunoblotting assay. indicating that M11C is a good candidate for an immunomodulator. The dose and time dependent effects of M11C on the expression of IL-$1{\beta}$ mRNA from macrophages was also shown in expression of mRNA detected by RT-PCR. Treatment dose and time for the maximum expression of IL-$1{\beta}$ mRNA were $20{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and 4 hours, respectively. Maximum gene expression of IL-$1{\beta}$ was much earlier than maximum production of it. Conclusion: As results, Korean mistletoe extract, M11C, may be used for an immunomodulator. This will be able to make up for and solve the problems caused by existent immunoagent with many adverse effects through many other studies in future including one molecule extraction.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2007

It is well-known that Korean mistletoe (Viscum album) extract has an immune activity and anticancer effect. In this study, Korean mistletoe extract, M11C (non-lectin components), was used to examine whether this extract might activate human peripheral monocyte to produce tumor necrosis $factor-\alpha$ $(TNF-\alpha)$. To examine the effect of M11C on the production of $TNF-\alpha$ from monocyte, the monocyte were stimulated by the M11C, and then collected the supernatant (M11C stimulated monocyte-conditioned media; MCM). MCM was treated to the $TNF-\alpha$ sensitive L929 cells, and then L929 cytotoxicity was measured by means of MTT. MCM had cytotoxic effect on L929. And the cytotoxic effect of MCM on L929 was almost abolished by $anti-TNF-\alpha$ antibody. These data indicated that MCM contained $TNF-\alpha$, suggesting the $TNF-\alpha$ generation from M11C-stimulated monocyte. This suggestion was confirmed from the data that $TNF-\alpha$ was highly detected in MCM by immunoblotting technique. M11C effect on $TNF-\alpha$ production from monocyte was in the dose and stimulating time dependent manners. Also the effect of M11C on the expression of $TNF-\alpha$ mRNA from monocyte was shown in the dose and stimulating time dependent manners. As a result, Korean mistletoe extract, M11C, could be used for an immunostimulator.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.43 no.8
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• pp.705-717
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• 2020

While the growth factors like insulin initiate a signaling cascade to induce conformational changes in the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), amino acids cause the complex to localize to the site of activation, the lysosome. The precise mechanism of how mTORC1 moves in and out of the lysosome is yet to be elucidated in detail. Here we report that microtubules and the motor protein KIF11 are required for the proper dissociation of mTORC1 from the lysosome upon amino acid scarcity. When microtubules are disrupted or KIF11 is knocked down, we observe that mTORC1 localizes to the lysosome even in the amino acid-starved situation where it should be dispersed in the cytosol, causing an elevated mTORC1 activity. Moreover, in the mechanistic perspective, we discover that mTORC1 interacts with KIF11 on the motor domain of KIF11, enabling the complex to move out of the lysosome along microtubules. Our results suggest not only a novel way of the regulation regarding amino acid availability for mTORC1, but also a new role of KIF11 and microtubules in mTOR signaling.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.576-587
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• 2015

This paper presents a quantitative evaluation of water permeability in concrete with cold joint considering mineral admixture and loading conditions. Concrete samples with OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement) and GGBFS(Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag) are prepared considering 0.6 of W/C ratio and 40% of replacement. 30% and 60% loading levels for compression and 60% loading level for tension are induced to concrete samples. In compression conditions, the permeability in control case shows $2.41{\times}10^{-11}m/s$ in OPC concrete, and it changes to $2.07{\times}10^{-11}m/s$ (30% of peak) and $2.36{\times}10^{-11}m/s$ (60% of peak). The results in GGBFS concrete shows the same trend, which yields $2.17{\times}10^{-11}m/s$ (control), $1.65{\times}10^{-11}m/s$ (30% of peak), and $1.96{\times}10^{-11}m/s$ (60% of peak), respectively. In tensile conditions, the permeability increases from $2.37{\times}10^{-11}m/s$ (control) to $2.67{\times}10^{-11}m/s$ (60% of peak) while that in GGBFS concrete increases from $2.17{\times}10^{-11}m/s$ (control) to $2.24{\times}10^{-11}m/s$ (60% of peak). Permeability coefficients decreases in 30% of compressive level but increases in 60% level, while results in tensile level increases rapidly. This shows pore structure in concrete is condensed and with loading and permeability increases due to micro-cracking. Permeability evaluation considering the effects of loading conditions, cold joint, and GGBFS is verified to be important since water permeability greatly changes due to their effects.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2007

Regulation of invertase biosynthesis was studied with alkalophilic and thermophilic Bacillus cereus TA-11. Biosynthesis of invertase in Bacillus cereus TA-11 was effectively induced in the presence of 10 mM of sucrose for 180 min and 25 mM of raffinose for 90 min, respectively. Glucose repressed the invertase induction by sucrose and as late addition time of glucose, invertase formation was increased, indicating that glucose repression was occurred by inducer exclusion. Catabolite repression was not reduced by the addition of cAMP for 180 min of induction.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 1998

This study not only carried out to grasp about the sununarized characteristics of the relationship between international timber market and production trend of wood products, but also focused on the analysis of korean wood demand and the long-term forecast with econometric analysis. The result of regression analysis for wood demand in Korea is that coniferous roundwood demand(CIWD) is explained by coniferous foreign roundwood price(CWRI), Gross domestic product(GDP), a dummy variable. Non-coniferous roundwood demand(NCIWD)is explained by non-coniferous roundwood price(NCWRI), coniferous roundwood price(CWRI), a dummy variable. As the result of long-term forecast by base case, the total roundwood demand was forecasted $11,107,000m^3$ in the year 2000, $11,781,000m^3$ in 2005, $12,565,000m^3$ in 2010. As the result of scenario 1, total roundwood demand was forecasted $11,027,000m^3$ in 2000, $11,435,000m^3$ in 2005, $11,952,000m^3$ in 2010. And as the result by scenario 2, total roundwood demand was forecasted $11,341,000m^3$ in 2000, $12,208,000m^3$ in 2005 $13,257,000m^3$ in 2010.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1386-1390
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• 2011

The IEEE 802.11 MAC uses DCF for media access among the participating network nodes. But DCF alone is neither capable nor suitable for fulfilling the QoS requirements of realtime applications. There are many ways in which QoS is provided by modifying DCF based MAC. This paper proposes (m,k)-collision scheme which is based on IEEE 802.11 and (m,k)-firm scheme tries to improve DCF functionality. The proposed scheme uses different Contention Window according to the number of collision in the node. The simulation result shows that the proposed scheme helps improve the throughput of the DCF.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.34 no.3 s.134
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• pp.210-217
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• 2003

Korean mistletoe (Viscum album) extract has been found to posses immunostimulatory activity. In this study, Korean mistletoe extract, M11C (non-lectin components), was used to know whether this extract might activate mouse splenic macrophages to produce tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}\;(TNF-{\alpha}$) and might play a role in anticancer. To know the effect of M11C on the production of $TNF-{\alpha}$, the splenic macrophages were treated by the M11C, and then collected the supernatant (M11C stimulated splenic macrophage-conditioned media; MSCM). MSCM was analyzed for the $TNF-{\alpha}$ secretion by means of ELISA and immunoblotting, and mRNA expression was analyzed by RT-PCR. The S-180 murine sarcoma model was established to know the effect of M11C on the inhibition of tumor growth. M11C had the effect of $TNF-{\alpha}$ production from splenic macrophages performed by ELISA technique. This ELISA data was reconfirmed by immunoblotting assay. The effects of M11C on the expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA from the macrophages was also shown. M11C also had the inhibitory effect of S-180 tumor growth. These data suggest that Korean mistletoe extract M11C may be used for an immunomodulator.