• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2009

This study was conducted to examine the chemical composition of kiwifruit skin, and to est its anti-microbial activities and cytotoxicities, thus, exploring ways for the economic utilization of kiwifruit skin. Four varieties of kiwifruit were examined: Daeheung, Bidan, Haegeum No.1 and Hayward. Vitamin C content in the fruit skins of Bidan, Daeheung, Haegeum No.1 and Hayward were 72.44, 67.22, 62.51 and 61.44mg/100g, respectively. Total amino acids content in the fruit skins of Bidan, Haegeum No.1, Hayward and Daeheung ere 808.31, 706.02, 629.07 and 464.83mg/100g dry weight, respectively. K and Ca content ere $17.20-45.70{\mu}g/mL$ and $4.58-10.15{\mu}g/mL$. While, other inorganic matter contents were below $4.89{\mu}g/mL$. Anti-microbial activity of kiwifruit skin extracts, in terms of the diameter of inhibition zone when tested against five gram positive and three gram negative microbial trains (even in the concentration of 2,000mg/L), was less than 14.1mm. The hyperplasia inhibition of lung cancer cells by methanol extracts from Bidan and Haegeum No.1 using concentrations of 800mg/L were 27.7% and 14.5%, however, those from Daeheung and Hayward were below 3% Consequently, it will be useful to know that kiwifruit skin can be added to processed goods which demand for higher concentrations of vitamin C, amino acids, K and Ca.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2491-2494
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• 2014

Objective: To explore the mechanism and significance of tumor angiogenesis by observing changes of microvessel density (MVD) and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in residual tumor tissues after cryoablation. Materials and Methods: A total of 18 nude mice xenograft models with transplanted lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 were established and randomly divided into 3 groups when the maximum diameter of tumor reached 1 cm: control, cisplatin (DDP) and cryoablation. The nude mice were sacrificed after 21-d cryoablation to obtain the tumor tissues. Then immunohistochemistry was applied to determine MVD and the expression of VEGF in tumor tissues. Results: The tumor volumes of control group, DDP group and cryoablation group were $1.48{\pm}0.14cm^3$, $1.03{\pm}0.12cm^3$ and $0.99{\pm}0.06cm^3$ respectively and the differences were significant (P<0.01), whereas MVD values were $21.1{\pm}0.86$, $24.7{\pm}0.72$ and $29.2{\pm}0.96$ (P<0.01) and the positive expression rates of VEGF were $36.2{\pm}1.72%$, $39.0{\pm}1.79%$ and $50.8{\pm}2.14%$ (P<0.01), respectively, showing that MVD was proportional to the positive expression of VEGF (r=0.928, P<0.01). Conclusions: Cryoablation can effectively inhibit tumor growth, but tumor angiogenesis significantly increases in residual tumors, with high expression of VEGF playing an important role in the residual tumor angiogenesis.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.291-301
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• 2023

Introduction: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients are particularly vulnerable to the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Currently, no anti-NSCLC/COVID-19 treatment options are available. As ginsenoside Rg3 is beneficial to NSCLC patients and has been identified as an entry inhibitor of the virus, this study aims to explore underlying pharmacological mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg3 for the treatment of NSCLC patients with COVID-19. Methods: Based on a large-scale data mining and systemic biological analysis, this study investigated target genes, biological processes, pharmacological mechanisms, and underlying immune implications of ginsenoside Rg3 for NSCLC patients with COVID-19. Results: An important gene set containing 26 target genes was built. Target genes with significant prognostic value were identified, including baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5 (BIRC5), carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9), endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB), glucagon receptor (GCGR), interleukin 2 (IL2), peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PADI4), and solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 (SLCO1B1). The expression of target genes was significantly correlated with the infiltration level of macrophages, eosinophils, natural killer cells, and T lymphocytes. Ginsenoside Rg3 may benefit NSCLC patients with COVID-19 by regulating signaling pathways primarily involved in anti-inflammation, immunomodulation, cell cycle, cell fate, carcinogenesis, and hemodynamics. Conclusions: This study provided a comprehensive strategy for drug discovery in NSCLC and COVID-19 based on systemic biology approaches. Ginsenoside Rg3 may be a prospective drug for NSCLC patients with COVID-19. Future studies are needed to determine the value of ginsenoside Rg3 for NSCLC patients with COVID-19.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.142-145
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• 2009

The cytotoxic activity against human cancer cells and anti-tumor effect in Balb/c mice of a 70% ethanol extract from masou salmon (MSE) was investigated. The cancer cell lines including human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), human lung carcinoma (A549), human hepatoblastoma (HepG2), human gastric carcinoma (AGS), human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) and transformed primary human embryonal kidney (293) exposed to MSE decreased cell viability as indicated by the MTT assay. The MSE shows significant cytotoxicity on MCF-7, A549, HepG2, AGS and HeLa cells, and are more active than 293 cells. The treatment with 1 mg/mL MSE resulted in 9.2%, 12.7%, 16.6%, and 16.9% cell survival against A549, MCF-7, HepG2, and AGS cells, respectively. Moreover, anticancer effect in vivo of MSE was tested in the animal system using Balb/c mice transplanted sarcoma-180 cells. MSE showed inhibition of tumor growth and the rate of inhibition was 44.7% and 55.7% at the 25 mg/kg body weight and 250 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Thus, we suggest that MSE could be a beneficial material for human cancer prevention.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.71 no.6
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• pp.417-424
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• 2011

Background: Recent evidences have revealed metabolic functions of p53 in cancer cells; adaptation or survival to metabolic stress and metabolic shift toward oxidative phosphorylation. However, further studies in clinical setting are needed. We investigated whether p53 protein expression, as a surrogate marker for loss of p53 function, is associated with metabolic features of stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), focusing on tumor necrosis and maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on $^{18}F$-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Methods: Clinical information was obtained from retrospective review of medical records. p53 expression was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. Results: p53 protein expression was detected in 112 (46%) of 241 NSCLC cases included in this study. p53 expression was independently associated with the presence of necrosis (odds ratio [OR], 2.316; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.215~4.416; p=0.011). Non-adenocarcinoma histology (OR, 8.049; 95% CI, 4.072~15.911; p<0.001) and poorly differentiation (OR, 6.474; 95% CI, 2.998~13.979; p<0.001) were also independently associated with the presence of necrosis. However, p53 expression was not a significant factor for SUVmax. Conclusion: p53 protein expression is independently associated with the presence of necrosis, but not SUVmax.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.460-469
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• 2017

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are induced as a self-defense mechanism of cells when exposed to various external stresses, such as high fever, infection, free radicals, and heavy metals. They affect the prognosis in the process of tumor formation. HSP is classified into four families: HSP27, HSP60, HSP90, and HSP100, depending on molecular weight. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), a molecular chaperone, plays an important role in the cellular protection against various stressful stimuli and in the regulation of cell cycle progression and apoptosis. In the present study, we assessed the differential expression of HSP90 family proteins in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and the correlation of their expression levels with clinicopathologic factors and patient survival rates. The result of this study can be summarized as follows; $HSP90{\alpha}$ showed higher expression in patients with no lymphovascular invasion (p=0.014). $HSP90{\beta}$ showed a higher expression of squamous cell carcinoma (p=0.003), and an over expression of glucose-related protein (GRP94) was significantly associated with poor differentiation (p=0.048). However, none of the HSP90 proteins showed a significant association with the survival status in patients with NSCLC. This study also indicates that $HSP90{\alpha}$ might contribute more to the carcinogenesis of NSCLC than $HSP90{\beta}$, and GRP94 and isoform selectivity should be considered when HSP90 inhibitors are studied or utilized in the treatment of NSCLC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.3571-3574
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• 2014

Background: Brain metastasis occurs when cancerous cells come from a known (or sometimes an unknown) primary tumor to the brain and implant and grow there. This event is potentially lethal and causes neurologic symptoms and signs. These patients are treated in order to decrease their neurologic problems, increase quality of life and overall survival. Materials and Methods: In this study we evaluated clinical characteristics of 206 patients with brain metastases referred to our center from 2004 to 2011. Results: The mean age was 53.6 years. The primary tumors were breast cancer (32%), lung cancer (24.8%), lymphoma (4.4%), sarcoma (3.9%), melanoma (2.9%), colorectal cancer (2.4%) and renal cell carcinoma (1.5%). In 16.5% of the patients, brain metastasis was the first presenting symptom and the primary site was unknown. Forty two (20.4%) patients had a single brain metastasis, 18 patients (8.7%) had two or three lesions, 87 (42.2%) patients had more than three lesions. Leptomeningeal involvement was seen in 49 (23.8%) patients. Thirty five (17%) had undergone surgical resection. Whole brain radiation therapy was performed for all of the patients. Overall survival was 10.1 months (95%CI; 8.65-11.63). One and two year survival was 27% and 12% respectively. Conclusions: Overall survival of patients who were treated by combination of surgery and whole brain radiation therapy was significantly better than those who were treated with whole brain radiation therapy only [13.8 vs 9.3 months (p=0.03)]. Age, sex, primary site and the number of brain lesions did not show significant relationships with overall survival.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.50
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• pp.137-141
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• 2023

The root of Adenophora triphylla is a highly valued medicinal resource that is used to prevent human obesity, cancer, and inflammation, whereas young leaves or sprouts of A. triphylla are used as food ingredients. In this study, we compared the antioxidant and anticancer activities of 70% ethanol extracts of A. triphylla roots and leaves. The leaf extract exhibited stronger 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) than the root extract. Furthermore, the leaf extract was observed to be a potent source of anticancer compounds that were effective against A549 (lung cancer), LNcaP (prostate cancer), SKOV3 (ovarian cancer), and Caco-2 (colorectal cancer) cells. These results indicate that not only the roots but also the leaves of A. triphylla can serve as valuable sources of functional materials in the pharmaceutical industry.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.211-220
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• 2016

The current study was carried out to determine the effects of the seed, flesh (seedless fruit), and leaf of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindle.) on antioxidative activity and anti-proliferation in human cancer cells. Total polyphenol contents of loquat seed, flesh, and leaf ethanol extracts were found to be 17.77, 32.32, and 28.08 mg/g, respectively. Also, total flavonoid contents of loquat seed, flesh, and leaf ethanol extracts were found to be 18.77, 28.73, and 21.35 mg/g, respectively. The $IC_{50}$ values of DPPH hydroxyl scavenging of loquat seed, flesh, and leaf ethanol extracts were 0.049, 0.063, and 0.042 mg/mL, respectively. Antioxidative indexes of loquat leaf and seed ethanol extracts was highly and it was similar to the BHA and BHT. The antioxidative activities in loquat seed and leaf ethanol extracts were higher in loquat flesh. The antiproliferation effect of loquat seed and leaf ethanol extracts on liver cancer cell line (H460), stomach cancer cell line (AGS) and lung cancer cell line (A549) showed higher values compared with the flesh ethanol extracts. These results indicate that loquat ethanol extracts may play a positive role in antioxidative properties and cancer prevention.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.770-776
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and anti-cancer activities of squash leaf extract (SLE) in vitro. The total polyphenol and flavonoid levels of SLE were 263.4 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g and 73.6 mg quercetin equivalent/100 g, respectively. The radical-scavenging activity of SLE at the concentration of 300 ${\mu}g/mL$ was 69.4%. SLE significantly inhibited human cancer cell growth (by 60.6-87.9% in HCT116 colon cancer cells and by 73.4-86.4% in H1299 lung cancer cells at the concentrations of 37.5, 75, and 150 ${\mu}g/mL$) and attachment (by 28.4% in HCT116 and by 16.8% in H1299 at the concentration of 150 ${\mu}g/mL$). SLE also altered nucleus morphology and increased nuclear staining intensity (by 42.8-58.2% in HCT116 and by 25.5-32.9% in H1299 at the concentrations of 37.5 and 75 ${\mu}g/mL$), indicating its apoptosis-inducing activity. These results demonstrate the antioxidant and anti-cancer activities of SLE in vitro.