Journal of Ginseng Research

The Korean Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회)
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Ginsenoside Rg3, a promising agent for NSCLC patients in the pandemic: a large-scale data mining and systemic biological analysis

  • Zhenjie, Zhuang (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine) ;
  • Qianying, Chen (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine) ;
  • Xiaoying, Zhong (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine) ;
  • Huiqi, Chen (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine) ;
  • Runjia, Yu (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine) ;
  • Ying, Tang (Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine)
  • Received : 2022.04.27
  • Accepted : 2022.09.27
  • Published : 2023.03.02
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Abstract

Introduction: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients are particularly vulnerable to the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Currently, no anti-NSCLC/COVID-19 treatment options are available. As ginsenoside Rg3 is beneficial to NSCLC patients and has been identified as an entry inhibitor of the virus, this study aims to explore underlying pharmacological mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg3 for the treatment of NSCLC patients with COVID-19. Methods: Based on a large-scale data mining and systemic biological analysis, this study investigated target genes, biological processes, pharmacological mechanisms, and underlying immune implications of ginsenoside Rg3 for NSCLC patients with COVID-19. Results: An important gene set containing 26 target genes was built. Target genes with significant prognostic value were identified, including baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5 (BIRC5), carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9), endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB), glucagon receptor (GCGR), interleukin 2 (IL2), peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PADI4), and solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 (SLCO1B1). The expression of target genes was significantly correlated with the infiltration level of macrophages, eosinophils, natural killer cells, and T lymphocytes. Ginsenoside Rg3 may benefit NSCLC patients with COVID-19 by regulating signaling pathways primarily involved in anti-inflammation, immunomodulation, cell cycle, cell fate, carcinogenesis, and hemodynamics. Conclusions: This study provided a comprehensive strategy for drug discovery in NSCLC and COVID-19 based on systemic biology approaches. Ginsenoside Rg3 may be a prospective drug for NSCLC patients with COVID-19. Future studies are needed to determine the value of ginsenoside Rg3 for NSCLC patients with COVID-19.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

We thank Dr. Jianming Zeng (University of Macau) and all the members of his bioinformatics team for generously sharing their experience and codes. The Use of the biorstudio high performance computing cluster (https://biorstudio.cloud) at Biotrainee and The Shanghai HS Biotech Co.,Ltd for conducting the research was reported in this paper.

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