• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
• /
• 제1호
• /
• pp.213-218
• /
• 2001

To many developing countries like China, the practical way to constant development of city construction is low consuming. The basic methods of low-cunsuming landscape construction: 1) Low building consumption: Decreasing construction quantity. Using low-costing material. Designing low-consuming landscape. Reusing of building material. 2) Low energy consumption: Decreasing water consumption. Consuming and enrichment of earth fertilizer. Decreasing electrical consumption. 3) Low maintenance: Adapting natural material. Using local plants. Special design to decrease maintaining. Because of many reasons, China has not yet adapting Low-consuming Landscape Construction.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.69-77
• /
• 2021

The widely used low-cost design methodology for IoT devices is very popular. In such a networked device, memory is composed of flash memory, SRAM, DRAM, etc., and because it processes a large amount of data, memory design is an important factor for system performance. Therefore, each device selects optimized design factors such as function, performance and cost according to market demand. The design of a memory architecture available for low-cost IoT devices is very limited with the configuration of SRAM, flash memory, and DRAM. In order to process as much data as possible in the same space, an architecture that supports parallel processing units is usually provided. Such parallel architecture is a design method that provides high performance at low cost. However, it needs precise software techniques for instruction and data mapping on the parallel architecture. This paper proposes an instruction/data mapping method to support optimized parallel processing performance. The proposed method optimizes system performance by actively using hardware and software parallelism.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.942-949
• /
• 2014

We studied about the rotor design change using a Ferrite ring magnet to reduce material cost in the condition of the same stator core design. However, this design direction has many weak points such as the decrease of BEMF, the low maximum output, the irreversible demagnetization characteristics of a permanent magnet and so on. In order to mitigate such disadvantages, an optimization design of the BLDC motor has been developed by changing each design parameter and by improving the electromagnetic structure. In the proposed water pump SPM BLDC motor using Ferrite magnet, the outer and inner diameter of stator is fixed to the value of the conventional IPM BLDC motor using Nd-Fe-B magnet. The design specification requirements should be satisfied with the same output power and efficiency characteristics in the same dimension. As a result of this study, the design comparison results considering driving performances and material cost are represented. Through the actual experiment with the prototype of the designed motor, the simulations results are verified.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.27-32
• /
• 2024

Recently, there has been a growing interest in integrating physical toys into video gaming within the game content business. This paper introduces a novel method that leverages low-cost camera as an alternative to using sensor attachments to meet this rising demand. We address the limitations associated with low-cost cameras and propose an optical design tailored to the specific environment of model car recognition. We overcome the inherent limitations of low-cost cameras by proposing an optical design specifically tailored for model car recognition. This approach primarily focuses on recognizing the underside of the car and addresses the challenges associated with this particular perspective. Our method employs a transfer learning model that is specifically trained for this task. We have achieved a 100% recognition rate, highlighting the importance of collecting data under various camera exposures. This paper serves as a valuable case study for incorporating low-cost cameras into vision systems.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제43권4호
• /
• pp.684-693
• /
• 2021

This paper presents a low-cost two-stage approximate multiplier for bfloat16 (brain floating-point) data processing. For cost-efficient approximate multiplication, the first stage implements Mitchell's algorithm that performs the approximate multiplication using only two adders. The second stage adopts the exact multiplication to compensate for the error from the first stage by multiplying error terms and adding its truncated result to the final output. In our design, the low-cost multiplications in both stages can reduce hardware costs significantly and provide low relative errors by compensating for the error from the first stage. We apply our approximate multiplier to the convolutional neural network (CNN) inferences, which shows small accuracy drops with well-known pre-trained models for the ImageNet database. Therefore, our design allows low-cost CNN inference systems with high test accuracy.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
• /
• 제43권10호
• /
• pp.134-139
• /
• 2006

본 논문은 버스의 소비 전력을 비용 함수로 정의하여 버스의 소비 전력을 줄이는 버스 기반 평면계획을 제안한다. 기존 버스 기반 평면계획의 비용함수는 버스의 면적만을 줄이고 버스의 소비전력은 고려하지 않았다. 그러나 버스의 분할 설계 방식을 가정한 경우 버스의 소비 전력이 면적에 반드시 비례하지는 않기 때문에 기정의 비용함수로는 버스의 소비 전력을 반영할 수가 없다. 본 논문에서는 버스 분할 설계 기법이 적용된 경우를 가정하고 버스에 연결된 블록간의 통신량과 실제 거리를 고려하여 버스의 소비 전력을 비용함수에 추가하였다. 실험 결과 새로운 비용함수를 사용한 버스 기반 평면계획에서는 버스의 소비 전력에 관련된 값이 평균 11.43%만큼 감소하였다.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.21-33
• /
• 2023

Purpose: To study, analyze, and investigate how to improve the service quality distribution and perceived value of passenger loyalty in low-cost airlines in Thailand. Research Design, data, and methodology: The data was collected from low-cost airline passengers who had used low-cost airlines within Thailand more than twice in the last 12 months. In total, 632 questionnaires were received, representing 97.32%, and in-depth interviews were done using the semi-structured technique. The key informants were either executives or representatives from 4 low-cost airlines operating in Thailand. We utilized structural modeling techniques to examine the data relevant to the investigation. Results: The results show that low-cost airline passengers in Thailand have strong opinions about the perceived value of the passenger loyalty of low-cost airlines within this sector of the Thai air travel industry. The variables were sorted in order of importance and included passenger loyalty, satisfaction, trust, perceived value, and service quality distribution. The relationship between the service quality distribution variables and the significance in relation to passenger loyalty according to low-cost airlines in Thailand showed that service quality distribution had a positive effect on perceived value and that passenger satisfaction has a direct positive effect on passenger loyalty. Conclusions: The 8 QPSTL strategy is successful in terms of service quality distribution and passenger satisfaction, therefore it is an important aspect of low-cost airlines in Thailand.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.207-213
• /
• 2010

Now days, the marketing environment is rapidly changed. Therefore, a lot of companies try to reduce production cost. Especially, Design is a important activities in new product development. While the concepts of design for manufacturable and concurrent engineering have made significant advances in integrating the design function with other areas in the firm. There are still major gaps in timely and accurate costing information available to designers. Inappropriate design could result in high redesign cost and delay in product relation. The generation of design and improvement is a time-consuming and mentally exhaustion process. It involves combining design features to generate as many potential design as possible. As not all features combinations are feasible, decision-makers have to narrow down the potential solutions and subsequently select appropriate design for further development. This new study is composed of 3 steps aiming at the Low Cost Design of the product. The three steps are consisted that setting up the target Cost, estimating the current functional cost, the design of a unit's reviewing according to the priority of the difference between the target cost and the functional cost.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(4)
• /
• pp.365-368
• /
• 2002

In this paper, we present a low cost circuit design for a sentence speech recognition. The basic circuit of the designed sentence speech recognizer is composed of resistor, capacitance, OP Amp, counter and logic gates. Through a sentence recognition experiment, we can find the effectiveness of the designed sentence recognition circuit

• 한국통신학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국통신학회 1984년도 추계학술발표회논문집
• /
• pp.98-100
• /
• 1984

This paper design the emulator of the 8 bit microprocessor based on the z-80. The system control the debugging relation ship concerning the hardware and the software between the target system and the host system. It is purpose that emulator manufacture low cost.