• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.104-112
• /
• 2014

Objectives: To date, studies have not comprehensively demonstrated the relationship between stroke incidence and socioeconomic status. This study investigated stroke incidence by household income level in conjunction with age, sex, and stroke subtype in Korea. Methods: Contributions by the head of household were used as the basis for income levels. Household income levels for 21 766 036 people were classified into 6 groups. The stroke incidences were calculated by household income level, both overall within income categories and further by age group, sex, and stroke subtype. To present the inequalities among the six ranked groups in a single value, the slope index of inequality and relative index of inequality were calculated. Results: In 2005, 57 690 people were first-time stroke patients. The incidences of total stroke for males and females increased as the income level decreased. The incidences of stroke increased as the income level decreased in those 74 years old and under, whereas there was no difference by income levels in those 75 and over. Intracerebral hemorrhage for the males represented the highest inequality among stroke subtypes. Incidences of subarachnoid hemorrhage did not differ by income levels. Conclusions: The incidence of stroke increases as the income level decreases, but it differs according to sex, age, and stroke subtype. The difference in the relative incidence is large for male intracerebral hemorrhage, whereas the difference in the absolute incidence is large for male ischemic stroke.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.129-142
• /
• 2007

Objectives: This paper is aimed to study the satisfaction level and course effects of web-based PBL of the Graduate school of Public Health. Methods: Web-based PBL was implemented from March 1 to June 22 on 19 students and a survey on the satisfaction level of the lessons was taken and analyzed. For the analysis, SAS 9.1 was carried out. Results: The relation of effectiveness of the lessons according to the satisfaction level of each evaluation items, shows a significance according to satisfaction of professors, whether or not the students were satisfied in evaluating themselves (correlation, p<0.05). The satisfaction level of the evaluation on teachers and whether or not the students were satisfied in evaluating themselves shows significant influence on the effectiveness of the lessons (simple regression, p<0.05), more specifically in active class participation and understanding by the students themselves (stepwise multiple regression, p<0.05). Conclusions: In this study the attitudes of professors and students toward the lessons are major influences on the effectiveness of the lessons. Specifically, active class participation and understanding by the students themselves are the most important influences.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.706-714
• /
• 2006

Object : This study was carried out to investigate the correlation between homocysteine and serum lipids which are known risk factors of stroke. Methods : The subjects were a total of 60 patients divided into a control group (n =30) and a sample group (n =30). The control group was normal homocysteine level without clinical symptoms, and the sample group was high homocysteine level with headache, dizziness, hypertension and so on. clinical symptoms, Each group was measured and compared for serum homocysteine, total cholesterol, triglyceride(TG), low density lipoprotein(LDL), and high density lipoprotein(HDL). Results : Total cholesterol, TG, and LDL were significantly increased and HDL was significantly decreased in the sample group. which was a high homocysteine level group compared with the control group, which was a normal homocysteine level group. Conclusion : In these results. it was suggested that increase of homocysteine leads to increase of serum total cholesterol, TG, LDL, but causes decrease of HDL. It seemed that risk of stroke is more at high homocysteine level than normal.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.439-444
• /
• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Korean ordinary diets are referred to be good for human health in worldwide. However it is uncertain whether they provide microminerals enough for growth and health of teenagers. A main purpose of this study was to identify micromineral contents in school meals. MATERIALS/METHODS: The fifty cuisines were collected from elementary schools and middle schools in Gyeongnam area. The contents of Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn among microminerals were analyzed by using ICP-OES method. Data were expressed as mean, standard deviation and range value and linear regression analysis performed. RESULTS: Fe level of Pangibuseotpaprika-salad was the highest among side-dishes (average $346.6{\mu}g$) and Zn level of Sullung-tang was highest among soups (average $229.1{\mu}g$). Cu level of Buchu-kimchi was the highest among kimchies (average $217.5{\mu}g$) and Mn level of Gumeunkongyangnyum-gui was highest among side-dishes (average $198.4{\mu}g$). Generally cooked-rices as main dish had relative smaller amounts of microminerals than the other cuisines. The results showed that the ratio of Cu : Fe : Zn was approximately 12 : 4 : 1 and the relationship between Fe versus Zn or Fe versus Cu was significantly positive. CONCLUSION: Comparing to Korean Dietary Recommended Intakes (KDRI) level, school meals provided not sufficient amount (<25% DRI) of Fe, Zn or Mn, while they did excessive amount (>125% DRI) of Cu.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.81-97
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of interest in the achievement evaluation system, under the assumption that the teacher is an important element of curriculum. For this study, surveys targeting the 150 middle school teachers from 6 schools in Pusan was conducted. A questionnaire based CBAM model was used as research tools. For data analysis, mean of relative strength by teacher's level of interest was calculated. And MANOVA was used to investigate the difference among level of interest according to teachers' background such as sex, age, career, job position, and the grade they taught. The results of the analysis are summarized as follows. First, the middle school teachers' overall interest for achievement evaluation system is low. Teachers showed a typical pattern appeared in the early stages of change. They have little interest in the achievement evaluation system. And they should try to fix and change the achievement evaluation system rather than cooperate it. Second, as a result of this analysis of the difference according to teachers' background, no significant differences were found in most of the variables. Significant differences were found only in age, career, and job position from step 0. In running the post hoc, teachers who have less careers, lower positions, and younger ages had less interest in achievement evaluation system.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.24 no.5 s.83
• /
• pp.101-112
• /
• 2006

This study examined factors related to the motivation for the uses of cellular phones and the relationship between motivation for cellular phone use and parent-child communication among middle school students. A total of 223 questionnaires were submitted and analyzed. The characteristics of motive structure of the middle school students were found as recreation, time management, information-seeking, reassurance and fashion/showing off. Among those motivations, these middle school students examined here were found to use cellular phones in similar ways to how conventional telephone is used such as work/instrumental reasons and socializing/entertaining. The motivations showed a significant association with the level of parent-child communication. Information-seeking and time management motivation were positively related with an open communication level while fashion/showing off and recreation were negatively related with an open communication level.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.49-63
• /
• 2012

The objectives of this study were to investigate appearance management behaviors and hairstyle preferences in accordance with personality types and self-image, and to examine the characteristics that influence simultaneously the appearance management behaviors. A survey was used for as for this research. The personality properties of introversion and extroversion were further divided, based on the aspects of emotions, thoughts, behaviors, and interpersonal psychological functions. The subjects were 383 girls in their first year of high school in Seoul. The extrovert type showed a higher level of management for clothing, hair and face than the introvert type. The emotional extrovert type and the interpersonal extrovert type showed the highest level of clothing management, the active extrovert type showed the highest level of face management, and the interpersonal introvert type showed a very low level of hail management. The high school girls who had a higher social and mature self-image showed a higher level of clothing, hair and face management. Introverted girls preferred a mid-length straight hairstyle more than extroverted girls. The higher the social and mature self-images girls had, the more they preferred a long wave hairstyle. The higher the cute image they had, the more they preferred wave hairstyle. The entire appearance management behavior was affected significantly by extroversion, mature image, and allowance, simultaneously.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.53-68
• /
• 1987

To figure out the present status of Korean middle school science curriculum in the national level is not an easy job. especially in the restricted condition such as this research project. Therefore, to achieve a meaningful result, the case study type of research was adopted In the study five middle schools (2boy's and 3girl's)were selected and examined intensively. In this study, two major works were done. One was the analysis of the present middle school science curriculum and the other was to examine the current status of the administration of the curriculum in schools. This first study focused on the evaluation of the current Curriculum. Acording to the result, the objectives stated in the teachers guide and implied by the testbook were heavily concentrated on the knowledge level in Boom's taxonomy. Achievement on the objectives which were selected as important were very low. The average pass rate for the selected objectives was less than 50% of the students. This means the content level of the present science curriculum is not appropriate. The study suggested that the present middle school science curriculum should be revised and the content should be replaced with easier topics to match the students cognitive level. The study also suggested further studies to measure the cognitive level of Korean students in national scale.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.1986-1995
• /
• 2018

In this paper, a novel neutral-point voltage balancing scheme for NPC three-level inverters using carrier-based sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) method is developed. The new modulation approach, based on the obtained expressions of zero sequence voltage in all six sectors, can significantly suppress the low-frequency voltage oscillation in the neutral point at high modulation index and achieve a fast voltage-balancing dynamic performance. The implementation of the proposed method is very simple. Another attractive feature is that the scheme can stably control any voltage difference between the two dc-link capacitors within a certain range without using any extra hardware. Furthermore, the presented scheme is also applicable to the single-phase NPC three-level inverter. It can maintain the neutral-point voltage balance at full modulation index and improve the voltage-balancing dynamic performance of the single-phase NPC three-level inverter. The performance of the proposed strategy and its benefits over other previous techniques are verified experimentally.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.25-30
• /
• 2005

Until now, the level design for games has played a very important role in the process of developing games since it has been mapped out and applied so the game players have fun to certain level in playing games. So as game becomes more complex the number of game designers also grow and to make diverse levels, work force and working hours also should grow larger. In this treatise, it suggest a way where level's structure is changing dynamically so with only one level you can experience diverse levels by introducing wandering agent to the level structure. Also, I am trying to show the possibility of balance between the players by wandering agent.