• Title/Summary/Keyword: Labor cost

Search Result 1,116, Processing Time 0.028 seconds

Problems in methodology for estimating cost of milk production and its improvement (우유생산비 조사 및 계산상의 문제점과 합리화방안 연구)

  • Chun, Ryong;Seo, Seong-Won;Park, Jong-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
    • /
    • v.39 no.2
    • /
    • pp.227-242
    • /
    • 2012
  • Accurate estimation of milk production cost is very important for dairy farmers in establishing strategies for business management (e.g. planning a program for milk production, deciding the size of business and investment, determining the milk price for sale). Since the estimated cost of milk production is used as an important index to determine the basal price of milk in Korea, there has been much interest and debate on the method used to estimate milk production cost among the stakeholder. This study was thus carried out to identify problems in the current methodology for estimating cost of milk production, and to find a better way to improve it. We propose several alternatives and better ways to improve the current method for estimating cost of milk production. Estimation of the income and cost per head should be based on the number of cattle converted to grown cows. Cost estimation per liter of milk should be made for both whole milk and 3.4% milk fat corrected milk. The value of purchased cows and raised replacement heifers should be the same as their market value. The productive life span of cows should be less 4 years, and the terminal or salvage value of cows needs to be 30 to 40% less than her initial value. When calculating depreciation of cows over the productive life span, however, the salvage value should be 0 or 1 Korean won. On calculating labor costs, the farm labor wage corresponding to the average wage of nonfarm industrial workers should be assumed. Beside of these, better estimation procedures for other items are also given. The proposed methods from this study should improve the accuracy of estimation of milk production cost and help to achieve consensus among the stakeholder.

Case Study on Job Flow Improvement of Foodservice at a University Hospital (대학병원 급식업무 개선 사례 연구)

  • Kim, Hyung Mi;Yang, Il Sun;Park, Eun Cheol;Lim, Hyun Sook
    • Quality Improvement in Health Care
    • /
    • v.7 no.2
    • /
    • pp.244-261
    • /
    • 2000
  • Background : In order to cope with changes in the management environment at hospitals, increased interests are drawn in patient foodservice system on Continuous Quality Improvement Activity as the method of approaching a quality food service and effective management. Thus, as a part of this activity, this study was conducted to evaluate job flow improvement that was already performed and the results of that process at the dietetic department of a university hospital, focusing on improving management. Method : On February 15 of 1998. the dietetic department formed a job flow-improvement to decide on the priority of job flow improvement, and prepared specific action strategies and schedule of the priority: after a 5 month process period, job improvement achieved on June 15. 1998. Also, economic achievement of the task was evaluated through labor productivity analysis and cost-benefit analysis. Results : The patient food service system which was managed decentralized at the present hospital was centralized, some steps of the food service process were integrated, and quality of patient food was improved. Also, as a solution of the problems expected when conducting job flow improvement was made on food service equipments and utensils. The result of evaluating the job flow improvement that labor productivity improved by 18.2% compared to before the improvement and the result of the analysis of cost-benefit showed that Benefit-Cost (B/C) ratio was 2.22. showing financial merit on the investment. Conclusions : Continuous Quality Improvement Activity needs to be initiated and conducted in the future in various areas of hospital foodservice system in order to actively adopt to ever changing hospital management environment. In order to achieve this goal, many researches and more efforts need to be put in by people in charge of hospital food service management, and interests and support are needed from hospital policy makers.

  • PDF

Cost and Benefit Analysis for Safety Management Cost by FMEA/HAZOP at Governor Station (가스 공급기지에서 FMEA/HAZOP에 의한 안전관리 비용-편익분석)

  • 장서일;이헌창;조지훈;오신규;김태옥
    • Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
    • /
    • v.3 no.4
    • /
    • pp.1-9
    • /
    • 2001
  • Cost-benefit analysis was investigated to propose the analysis method of the effect of investment and the optimum investment level of safety management cost for preventing gas accident in the B governor station. From five classifications of safety management costs consisting of cost items with similar characters and potential accident costs calculated by risk assessments(FMEA/HAZOP), we found that the order of the benefit(the reduction cost of the potential accident cost) was the instrument increase and repair cost > the safety checking and inspection cost > the labor and training cost > the safety equipment and corresponding cost > the research and development cost. As the benefit was increased with increasing the investment cost, the effect of investment was increased with decreasing the Investment cost. As a result, the optimum safety management cost was estimated and the investment level was analyzed by the model of optimum investment level.

  • PDF

Analysis of Operational Meal Costs and Operator Perception of Optimal Price through an Application of the Price Sensitivity Measurement (PSM) Technique by the Size of Kindergartens (서울시 유치원 규모별 급식비 운영실태 및 PSM 분석을 활용한 적정 급식비 인식분석)

  • Park, Moon-kyung;Shin, Seoyoung;Kim, Hyeyoung;Lee, Jinyoung;Kim, Yoonji
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
    • /
    • v.37 no.4
    • /
    • pp.335-344
    • /
    • 2022
  • The study was aimed to investigate the operational meal costs by kindergarten size in Seoul and to analyze recognition for optimal meal prices. A survey (31.6% recovery rate) was conducted on all kindergartens (779 kindergartens) in Seoul on April 2021 using descriptive analysis, t-test, and dispersion method. A price sensitivity measurement (psm) method was used to determine optimal meal prices. Result showed an average food cost for kindergartens of 2,647 won, an average labor cost of 605 won, an average operating cost of 146 won, and the total meal cost of 3,506 won. Total meal cost decreased with increasing kindergarten size (p<0.001). On the other hand, kindergartens with more students decreased the ratio of food cost to total meal cost, and operating cost and labor costs (p<0.001) increased. The optimal price of kindergarten operators' meal cost (OPP) was KRW 3,673. Furthermore, the analysis showed the sensitivity of operators' meal costs to kindergarten size was insignificant.

A Model for Assessing Maximum Overtime Rate in Labor Subcontracting Practices

  • Nassar, Khaled;Hosny, Ossama
    • Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
    • /
    • v.2 no.2
    • /
    • pp.18-27
    • /
    • 2012
  • Despite the rapid development in the construction industry due to the changing new technologies, many projects still fail to meet target deadlines. Shortage in manpower and skilled laborers is one of the main reasons for such delays. Markets with high economic growth and economic expansion (such as Gulf Countries in the Middle East) may have pronounced labor the shortages. Labor subcontracting practices are used sometimes to increase production rates and meet project deadlines. This paper explains and analyses labor subcontracting practices currently being used in many places around the world (and especially in the Gulf Countries) and in particular defines a maximum overtime rate for laborers in the laborer-subcontracting method ensuring that the contractor gains both the time saved during overtime and also reduces the cost per unit produced. The mathematical model used formalizes a closed-form equation for overtime pay in similar situations and as such can be applicable worldwide. Data was collected from representative projects that employed such practices from various trades. Validation of the model and formula has been tested successfully by analyzing historic data. The results prove that contractors often do not reach the optimum use of their practices resulting in a higher cost per unit. The presented model and the analysis should be of interest to many contractors currently involved in the practice or considering its use and to those who wish to find new methods that would help in eliminating as much wastes as possible by allocating their resources in the most efficient way.

The Impacts of Reduced Labor Hours on the Construction Period and Cost of Tunnel Project (근로시간 단축에 따른 터널 공사의 표준 공기 및 공사비 영향 분석)

  • Park, Taeil;Kim, Kyunghoon;Shin, Eun-Young
    • Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
    • /
    • v.20 no.2
    • /
    • pp.37-43
    • /
    • 2019
  • After the new standards for labor hours has been released, various problems come up in construction field, such as income reduction of employees, extension of construction period and increased construction cost. Although it is expected that the impact of the new standard on the construction industry is more worse than other industries form the view of productivity, not much works have been done to identify those impacts. Thus, this research proposes the standard construction processes, excavation cycle, and unit construction period for NATM tunnel project based on 'Construction Standard Production Rates.'The study also investigated the impact of reduced labor hours on the management of work crews, construction periods and costs of tunnel projects. The results showed that under the 52 labor hour standard, the construction periods for the excavation work and whole project was increased by 20% and 8.9%, respectively, but the construction costs for the excavation work and whole project was decreased by 1.4% and 0.6%, respectively.

Labor Market Regulation and MNE's Production: Evidence from OECD Countries

  • Choi, Hyelin
    • Journal of Korea Trade
    • /
    • v.23 no.4
    • /
    • pp.115-130
    • /
    • 2019
  • Purpose - This paper examines the impact of labor market regulations on FDI and the production of foreign firms. Design/methodology - We use an index of employment protection along with data on the FDI and production of foreign affiliates that are provided by the OECD. Findings - The empirical results show that strict employment protection discourages both the production and initial entry of foreign firms, with its impact on production being larger than that on the initial entry decision. The result is robust to various specifications in which instrumental variable estimations are used by applying a unionization rate and a severance pay for redundancy dismissal as instruments, respectively. Therefore, policymakers should not limit their focus to tax incentives, cash grants, and relaxation of market regulations, but they should also extend their attention to labor market deregulation and decreasing non-wage cost to attract more foreign firms into their countries. Originality/value - This paper attempts to answer the question on the impact of employment protection rules on the foreign firm's decisions regarding production as well as initial entry.

ASSESSMENT OF THE COST OF UNDERGROUND FACILITIES OF A HIGH-LEVEL WASTE REPOSITORY IN KOREA

  • Kim, Sung-Ki;Choi, Jong-Won
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
    • /
    • v.38 no.6
    • /
    • pp.561-574
    • /
    • 2006
  • This study presents the results of an economic analysis for a comparison of the single layer and double layer alternatives with respect to a HLW-repository. According to a cost analysis undertaken in the Korean case, the single layer option was the most economical alternative. The disposal unit cost was estimated to be 222 EUR/kgU. In order to estimate such a disposal cost, an estimation process was sought after the cost objects, cost drivers and economic indicators were taken into consideration. The disposal cost of spent fuel differs greatly from general product costs in the cost structure. Product costs consist of direct material costs and direct labor and manufacturing overhead costs, whereas the disposal cost is comprised of construction costs, operating costs and closure costs. In addition, the closure cost is required after a certain period of time elapses following the building of a repository.

The Development of an Product Cost Estimation System at the Product Design Stage (제품 설계 단계에서의 제품 원가 추정 시스템 개발)

  • 한관희;박찬우;이규봉;황태일;김강용
    • Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
    • /
    • v.8 no.2
    • /
    • pp.101-108
    • /
    • 2003
  • Presented in this paper is the development of an product cost estimation system at the product design stage. The efficient cost estimation function at the design stage is essential for the cost reduction activities through the entire product life cycle. For this purpose, it is necessary to establish a systematic working procedure, and to develop information system for managing a great deal of production and product-related data required for the cost estimation. The developed system has the capability of estimating a cost of assembly type products as well as unit-item type products. As proposed system is based on the variant approach, it can be used easily at an early design stage without the need for detail design information. Also, this system is integrated with legacy PDM (Product Data Management) and ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system for fast. accurate and easy product cost estimation. The estimated cost includes material cost, overhead cost as well as labor cost.

A Direct Cost Analysis Model in Manufacturing System (생산 시스템에서 직접 원가 분석 모델)

  • Han, Jooyun;Jeong, Bongju;Yoo, Il-Geon
    • Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
    • /
    • v.29 no.4
    • /
    • pp.321-333
    • /
    • 2003
  • Although manufacturing cost is a major part of profit in a company, it is difficult to be calculated by an analytic method. Besides, the manufacturing cost gained by simple financial structure dose not have an important meaning in market place. Therefore, an analytic method of computing the manufacturing cost is very necessary in manufacturing system. In this study, we suggested the direct cost analysis model which are able to measure accurate cost analysis of product in manufacturing system. The direct cost analysis model is made up of directly used expenditure for unit product. Also, system performances are put in the manufacturing cost analysis model so that it could be possible to analyze the change of manufacturing cost as system performances change. At the end of this paper, it verifies its relevancy and practicality of the suggested direct cost analysis model through the case study, using real data for direct labor cost.