• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2002년도 전력전자학술대회 논문집
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• pp.163-165
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• 2002

LDD구조를 가진 LDMOS 전력소자의 LDD영역과 채널영역변화에 의한 전기적 특성을 비교 조사하였다. MEDICI 시뮬레이션 tool을 이용하여 hot-carrier전류의 특성, ON 저항의 변화, breakdown 전압의 특성과 switch transient 특성을 조사하였다. Gate-drain 사이의 불순물도핑 영역 및 농도에 따른 소자의 특성해석은 LDD구조를 가진 LDMOS가 hot-carrier resistance 및 전력소모 관점에서 우수한 특성을 나타낼 것으로 사료된다

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.167-178
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• 2003

이동 컴퓨팅 환경에서는 이동 클라이언트의 위치에 따라서 질의에 대한 결과 값이 달라지는 상황이 발생하는데 그러한 결과의 데이타를 위치종속 데이타(LDD: Location Dependent Data)라 한다. 따라서 그러한 질의는 지리적인 거리를 고려하여 처리되어야 하며 또한 데이타의 관계성 등을 함께 고려하여 처리 효율을 높일 수 있다. 그러나 위치종속 질의에 나타나는 거리를 평가하고 영역별 위치종속 데이타를 구성할 때의 모호성으로 인해 정확히 평가하고 표현하기 어려운 점이 존재한다. 본 논문은 질의에 거리 정보를 사용함에 있어서 발생할 수 있는 문제점을 고려하고 위치종속 데이타간의 관련성 및 질의되는 이동 글라이언트의 위치 그리고 요구되는 지형물에 대한 거리간의 관계를 정량화하여 위치종속 데이타를 위한 데이타 영역인 LDD 영역을 제안한다. 모의 실험에서는 이동 클라이언트가 요청하는 위치종속질의 및 위치의 성향들 그리고 영역의 두 가지 조밀도 설정하여 제안하는 LDD 영역에서 질의 처리가 지리적인 지역만을 고려한 데이타 영역에서보다 데이타베이스 접근 수를 줄일 수 있음을 보인다.

• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.401-415
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• 1989

A simple but accurate analytical model for the lateral channel electric field in gate-offset structured Lightly Doped Drain MOSFET has been developed. Our model assumes Gaussian doping profile, rather than simple uniform doping, for the lightly doped region and our model can be applied to LDD structures where the junction depth of LDD is not identical to the heavily doped drain. The validity of our model has been proved by comparing our analytical results with two dimensional device simulations. Due to its simplicity, our model gives a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in reducing the electric field in the LDD MOSFET. The model shows clearly the dependencies of the lateral channel electric field on the drain and gate bias conditions and process, design parameters. Advantages of our analytical model over costly 2-D device simulations is to identify the effects of various parameters, such as oxide thickness, junction depth, gate/drain bias, the length and doping concentration of the lightly doped region, on the peak electric field that causes hot-electron pohenomena, individually. Our model can also find the optimum doping concentration of LDD which minimizes the peak electric field and hot-electron effects.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제9권8호
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• pp.847-852
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• 2014

반도체 소자 제조에서 비용 절감을 위한 공정기술의 스케일링 가속화 경향에 따라 축소기술에 대한 요구가 증가되고 있다. 축소에 따른 또 다른 가장 큰 문제점의 하나는 Hot Carrier Injection (HCI) 특성의 열화이다. 이는 축소 과정에서 생기는 불가피한 가장 큰 이슈중의 하나이며, 특히 입출력 소자에 있어 극복하기 어려운 부분이다. 이의 개선을 위해 유효 채널 길이를 늘이고자 LDD 임플란트 공정 이전에 산화막이 추가되었고, 또한 I/O LDD 임플란트 공정의 이온 입사 각도를 최적화함으로써, LDD 영역에서 E-field 열화 없이 HCI 규격을 만족할 수 있었다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1998년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부 C
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• pp.735-736
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• 1998

Reduction of hot carrier degradation in MOS devices has been one of the most serious concerns for MOS-ULSIs. In this paper, three types of LDD structure for suppression of hot carrier degradation, such as spacer-induced degradation and decrease of performance due to increase of series resistance will be investigated. LDD-nMOSFETs used in this study had three different drain structure. (1) conventional ${\underline{S}}urface$ type ${\underline{L}}DD$(SL), (2) ${\underline{B}}uried$ type ${\underline{L}}DD$(BL), (3) ${\underline{S}}urface$urface ${\underline{I}}mplantation$ type LDD(SI). As a result, the surface implantation type LDD structure showed that improved hot carrier lifetime to comparison with conventional surface and buried type LDD structure.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제9권11호
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• pp.1227-1232
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• 2014

본 논문은 기존의 poly length만의 축소와 달리 입, 출력 소자를 포함한 core 디바이스의 $0.13{\mu}m$ 디자인을 10% 축소하는 것으로 여러 채널 길이에 따른 body effect와 doping profile simulation을 해석하였다. 축소 전의 DC 파라미터 매칭을 위하여 게이트 산화막의 decoupled plasma nitridation 처리와 LDD(Lightly Doped Drain) 이온주입 전 TEOS(Tetraethylortho silicate) 산화막 $100{\AA}$ 그리고 LDD 이온주입을 22o tilt-angle(45o twist-angle)로 최적화하였고 그 결과 축소 전의 5%의 범위에서 매칭됨을 확인하였다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.253-258
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• 2006

LDD175(4-choloro-7-trifluoromethyl-10H-benzo[4,5]furo[3,2-b]indole-l-carboxylic acid) is one of benzofuroindole derivatives that act as a potent $BK_{Ca}$ channel openers. In the process of testing LDD175 as a new drug candidate, an acute toxicity study was carried out in mice. The mice were administered LDD175 intraperitoneally at dose of 0.2, 1, 10, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800mg/kg and orally at dose of 10, 100, 400, 800mg/kg body weight. After administering LDD175, the vital organs such as the liver, kidney and spleen were carefully observed for any significant pathological features or differences from the norm over a l4-day period. LDD175 did not induce any short-term toxicity at doses less than 100mg/kg. A $LD_{50}$ of LDD175 was 2493mg/kg in male mice and 4908mg/kg in female mice. Weight reduction was observed at a dose of 800mg/kg in male, and 400 and 800mg/kg in female. The kidney weight decreased in females after an intraperitoneal injection of LDD175 high dose(>400mg/kg, i.p.), and the spleen weight increased in the male(800mg/kg, i.p.) and female(400mg/kg, i.p.) mice. Inspite of the change in organ weights, there were neither histopathological changes nor any gross morphological abnormalities detected in any organ. LDD175 did not produce significant changes in the general behavior at doses of <200mg/kg, but decreased locomotor activity was observed at an intraperitoneal dose of 400mg/kg. Its effects on the locomotor activity and activity on the rotarod were tested and compared with the effects of diazepam 5mg/kg. The decrement in the locomotor activity and the activity on the rotarod induced by LDD175 was less serious than it by diazepam.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.241-249
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• 2017

Plasma membrane hyperpolarization associated with activation of $Ca^{2+}$-activated $K^+$ channels plays an important role in sperm capacitation during fertilization. Although Slo3 (slowpoke homologue 3), together with the auxiliary ${\gamma}^2$-subunit, LRRC52 (leucine-rich-repeat-containing 52), is known to mediate the pH-sensitive, sperm-specific $K^+$ current KSper in mice, the molecular identity of this channel in human sperm remains controversial. In this study, we tested the classical $BK_{Ca}$ activators, NS1619 and LDD175, on human Slo3, heterologously expressed in HEK293 cells together with its functional interacting ${\gamma}^2$ subunit, hLRRC52. As previously reported, Slo3 $K^+$ current was unaffected by iberiotoxin or 4-aminopyridine, but was inhibited by ~50% by 20 mM TEA. Extracellular alkalinization potentiated hSlo3 $K^+$ current, and internal alkalinization and $Ca^{2+}$ elevation induced a leftward shift its activation voltage. NS1619, which acts intracellularly to modulate hSlo1 gating, attenuated hSlo3 $K^+$ currents, whereas LDD175 increased this current and induced membrane potential hyperpolarization. LDD175-induced potentiation was not associated with a change in the half-activation voltage at different intracellular pHs (pH 7.3 and pH 8.0) in the absence of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$. In contrast, elevation of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ dramatically enhanced the LDD175-induced leftward shift in the half-activation potential of hSlo3. Therefore, the mechanism of action does not involve pH-dependent modulation of hSlo3 gating; instead, LDD175 may modulate $Ca^{2+}$-dependent activation of hSlo3. Thus, LDD175 potentially activates native KSper and may induce membrane hyperpolarization-associated hyperactivation in human sperm.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.216-221
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• 2019

The c-Met protein is a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in cell growth, proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis of several human tumors. Overexpression of c-Met has been found in gastric cancers and correlated with a poor prognosis. Indirubin is the active component of Danggui Longhui Wan, which is a traditional Chinese antileukemic recipe. In the present study, we tested the anti-cancer effects of an indirubin derivative, LDD-1937, on human gastric cancer cells SNU-638. When we performed the in vitro kinase assay against the c-Met activity, LDD-1937 inhibited the activity of c-Met. This result was confirmed by immunoblot and immunofluorescence of phosphorylated c-Met. Immunoblot analysis showed that LDD-1937 decreased the expression of the Erk1/2, STAT3, STAT5, and Akt, downstream proteins of c-Met. In addition, LDD-1937 reduced the cell viability and suppressed colony formation and migration of SNU-638 cells. Furthermore, LDD-1937 induced $G_2/M$ phase arrest in the SNU-638 cells by decreasing the expression levels of cyclin B1 and CDC2. Cleaved-PARP, an apoptosis-related protein, was up-regulated in cells treated with LDD-1937. Overall, this study suggests that LDD-1937 may be a novel small-molecule with therapeutic potential for selectively inhibiting c-Met and c-Met downstream pathways in human gastric cancers overexpressing c-Met.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.103-109
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• 1986

LDD(Lightly Doped Drain) 방식에 의한 MOSFET의 제조 공정 및 특성에 관하여 실험 분석하였다. MOS 소자의 채널 길이가 짧아짐에 따라 드레인 가장자리에서 자체 형성되는 높은 전계로 말미암아 애벌런치 항복 전압(avalanche breakdown voltage)이 상당히 감소 한다. 이 전압을 높여 주기 위한 기술로서 LDD 방식이 적용되었으며 종래의 제조방식에 의한 MOSFET와 비교 기술되었다.