• 소성∙가공
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.496-501
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• 2005

Precipitates, present in most commercial alloys, can have a strong influence on strength and hardening behavior of a single crystal. The effect of thin precipitates on the anisotropy of initial slip resistance and hardening behavior of crystals is modeled in this article. For the convenience of the computational derivation and implementation, the material formulation is given in the unrelated intermediate configuration mapped by the plastic part of the deformation gradient. Material descriptions for the considered two phased aggregates consisting in lattice hardening as well as isotropic hardening and kinematic hardening are suggested. Numerical simulations of various loading cases are presented to discuss and assess the performance of the suggested model. From the results of the numerical simulation, it is found that the suggested model represents the initial plastic anisotropy at least qualitatively well and that it has an improved representation of various characteristic hardening behaviors in comparison with conventional hardening descriptions where the precipitate structure is not reflected.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.657-669
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• 2022

Structural materials can experience large plastic deformation under extreme cyclic loading that is caused by events like earthquakes. To evaluate the seismic safety of a structure, accurate numerical material models should be used. For a steel structure, the cyclic strain hardening behavior of structural steel should be correctly modeled. In this study, a combined hardening model, consisting of one isotropic hardening model and three nonlinear kinematic hardening models, was used. To determine the values of the combined hardening model parameters efficiently and accurately, the improved opposition-based particle swarm optimization (iOPSO) model was adopted. Low-cycle fatigue tests were conducted for three steel grades commonly used in Korea and their modeling parameters were determined using iOPSO, which was first developed in Korea. To avoid expensive and complex low cycle fatigue (LCF) tests for determining the combined hardening model parameter values for structural steel, empirical equations were proposed for each of the combined hardening model parameters based on the LCF test data of 21 steel grades collected from this study. In these equations, only the properties obtained from the monotonic tensile tests are required as input variables.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.70-75
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• 2000

In this paper a new constitutive model for ductile materials was proposed. This model can describe the material degradation due to the evolution of isotropic damage during elasto-platic deformation. The plastic flow rule was derived under the framework of thermodynamic approach of continuum damage mechanics(CDM) in which plastic strain hardening parameters and isotropic damage were taken as thermodynamic state variables. And the process to determine material constants for constitutive model using an experimental data was presented.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2000년도 특별강연 및 춘계학술발표대회 개요집
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• pp.264-266
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• 2000

In this study, analysis of creep-fatigue behavior of low alloy steel weld was performed. An interface was employed along the crack plane to simulate the interface between base metal and weld metal. A trapezoidal waveshapes was loaded cyclically and analysis result was compared with that of monotonic load. The material was assumed as elastic-plastic-secondary creeping material. Because the isotropic hardening plasticity model used in the last study cannot simulate the behavior of material under cyclic load, the linear kinematic hardening plasticity model was used. The behavior of strain field and $C_{t}$ parameter was obtained.d.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1592-1597
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• 2009

Ratcheting is a cyclic accumulation of strain under a cyclic loading. It is a kind of mechanisms which generate cracks in rail steels. Though some experimental and numerical study has been performed, modeling of ratcheting is still a challenging problem. In this study, an elastic-plastic constitutive equation considering non-linear kinematic hardening and isotropic hardening was applied. Under the tangential stress of the contact stresses, a cyclic stress-strain relation was obtained by using the model. Strain under repeated cycles was accumulated.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.189-194
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• 2016

In the current study, spring-back of DP980 steel sheet was numerically evaluated for U-bending using a yield function with a hardening model. For spring-back prediction, two types of yield functions - Hill'48 and Yld2000-2d - were considered. Additionally, isotropic hardening and the Yoshida-Uemori model were used to investigate the spring-back behavior. The parameters for each model were obtained from uniaxial tension, uniaxial tension-compression, uniaxial tension-unloading and hydraulic bulging tests. The numerical simulations were performed using the commercial software, PAM-STAMP 2G. The results were compared with experimental data from a U-bending process.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.498-509
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• 2009

Present study is concerned with the simulation of plasticity models for the cyclic stressstrain behavior of aluminum alloy AC4C-T6 that can be used for primary materials of LNG cargo pump. Material model of cyclic hardening and plasticity for aluminum alloy AC4C-T6 was investigated through experiments and numerical simulations. Monotonic tensile and cyclic tension-compression test under symmetric load cycles was performed at both room temperature and cryogenic temperature of $-165^{\circ}C$. Based on the experimental data plastic hardening models were evaluated for isotropic/kinematic/combined hardening. FEA (Finite Element Analysis) models which describe the cyclic stress-strain relationship were evaluated for the simulation of plasticity. An appropriate hardening model is proposed comparing the results of FEA with those of experiments.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 사질토의 취성적 응력-변형률 관계와 전단시 체적팽창을 고려할 수 있는 구성모델에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 제안된 모델은 일반등방경화규칙에 의거한 비등방 경화규칙을 적용하였으며, 미소변형에서 대변형에 이르는 전체변형률 영역의 거동을 모델할 수 있도록 적합한 경화함수를 이용하였다. 항복면의 형태는 응력공간에서 원통형으로 나타나는 단순한 형태로 실용적으로 적용하기 편리하도록 하였다. 또한 유동규칙을 단순화하여 소성 체적 변형률을 팽창률을 이용하여 정의하였다. 이로 인하여 사질토에서 나타나는 전단시 팽창을 모델하는 것이 가능하였다. 또한 가상적인 첨두응력비를 정의하여 취성적 응력-변형률 관계를 모델하는 것이 가능하였다. 이 때 제안된 모델의 계수를 체계적으로 결정하기 위하여 실수형 유전자 알고리즘이 적용된 최적화 기법이 적용되었다. 이를 통하여 구성 모델에 필요한 계수를 결정할 수 있었다. 제안된 모델을 검증하기 위하여 풍화토시료에 대한 $K_0$ 압밀 삼축시험을 수행하였다. 이러한 시험결과를 제안된 모델과 비교한 결과 $K_0$ 압밀 시험에서 나타나는 취성적 응력-변형률 관계 및 체적의 팽창과 같은 실제 유효응력 거동을 합리적으로 모델하는 것이 가능하였다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2005

액상화에 따른 지반의 과도한 변형으로 인한 피해가 자주 발생되고 있다. 그에 따른 지반의 움직임을 예측하기 위해서는 유효응력 개념에 기초한 수치해석 기법이 요구되어 진다. 본 연구에서는 지진 및 유사한 반복 하중에 따른 수압의 상승을 예측할 수 있는 연성(fully coupled) 유효응력 구성모델인 UBCSAND를 제안하였다. 제안된 모델은 간단한 완전탄소성모델인 Mohr-Coulomb을 변형한 형태로 마찰각(friction angle)과 팽창각(dilation angle)을 점진적으로 증가시킴으로써, 기존의 파괴상태내에서도 연속적인 소성변형 발생을 표현할 수 있다. 항복함수는 전단응력과 평균응력의 비인 $(\sigma'_1-\sigma'_3)/(\sigma'_1-\sigma'_3)$로 나타내며, 응력도의 원점에서 시작하는 무한개의 방사선을 의미한다. 따라서, Mohr-Coulomb의 파괴면과 같은 형태의 무수한 항복면을 가진다. 소성 경화법칙은 등방경화(isotropic hardening)와 이동경화(kinematic hardening)를 혼합한 형태를 이루고 있다. 재하(loading) 및 재재하(reloading)시에는 연속적인 소성 변형이 일어나나, 제하(unloading)시에는 탄성변형을 가정하였다. 제안된 모델은 느슨한 Fraser River 모래를 이용한 직접단순전단시험(Direct simple shear test)결과와 비교하여 검증하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1994년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.123-128
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• 1994

For the proper analysis of soil excavation problems through FEM, a constitutive model should be able to simulate the real soil behavior, especially around the excavated section. In this study, the nenlinear finite element analysis is performed using an anisotropic hardening constitutive model based on 'generalized isotropic hardening' rule. Furthermore, in order that the implementation of this constitutive model is performed consistently with the iterative algorithm for the numerical analysis, stresses are implicitly intergrated by the closest point projection algorithm, and a consistent tangent modulus is evaluated. An excavation example including various loading esquences is analyzed, and the results are compared with the Cam-clay model.