• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to compare heat shading performance of various blind types in summer. 4 types of blinds were employed and the results are summarized as follows: 1) There were significant differences in indoor thermal environment and heat shading performance between different heat shading devices, and functional blinds demonstrated relatively superior heat shading performance. 2) Indoor long wave radiation influx measures were lowest for the coating roll blind (Blind B), followed by the coating venetian blind (Blind C), the venetian blind (Blind A), the roll blind, and not having any blinds at all. 3) Such examination results carry implications to reduce cooling load and enhance the indoor environment.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2003

연구배경 : 기관 삽관을 한 환자에서 정확한 폐렴의 진단과 원인균을 파악하는 것이 쉽지 않다. 경기관 흡인물(endotracheal aspirate) 배양검사는 간편하지만, 객담채취시 오염의 기회가 많고, 부적절한 객담채취의 기회가 높아서 그 원인균을 알아내는데는 어려움이 많다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 폐렴 진단 방법의 일환으로 좀 더 간편하고 비침습적인 방법인 blind PSB를 시행하여 진단의 유용성과 치료 및 예후에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 기관 삽관을 한 환자중에서 감염성 폐령이 의심되었던 51명의 환자를 대상으로 blind PSB(protected specimen brushing)를 시행하였고, 경기관 흡인물(endotracheal aspirate) 배양 및 혈액 배양검사를 통한 진단 결과와 비교하였다. 대상환자에서 기관 삽관 튜브를 통하여 폐렴이 생긴 폐구역에 해당되는 기관지에 접근하여 PSB 카테터로 기관지내의 화농성 분비물을 채취하여 15분 이내에 정량적 배양검사를 의뢰하여 $10^3/ml$ 이상의 colony forming units를 보일 때 양성으로 판정하였다. 결 과 : 51명의 환자 중 병원내 감염 폐렴은 27명(52.9%)이었고, 이 중에서 VAP가 19명(37.3%)이었고, 지역사회 감염 폐렴은 15명(29.4%)이었다. 비 폐렴성 폐 침윤으로 확인된 9명(17.6%)의 환자 중 울혈성 심부전이 5명(98%), 폐결핵이 3명(5.9%), 폐출혈이 1명(2.0%) 이었다. 원인균 규명을 위한 배양검사의 민감도와 특이도는 객담에서 각각 83.3%(35/42), 77.8%(7/9), 혈액에서 각각 14.3%(6/42), 100%(9/9)였고, blind PSB에서는 각각 548%(23142), 88.9%(8/9)였다. 유사한 민감도와 특이도를 고려하면, blind PSB는 객담배양검사에 비하여 우월하다고 할 수 있다. 초기 항생제 치료는 blind PSB 배양결과에 따라서 항생제를 교체하였는데, 항생제를 교체한 환자군의 생존율은 교체하지 않았던 환자군의 생존율과 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : Blind PSB는 기관 삽관된 환자에서 폐렴이 의심되는 경우 비감염성 폐침윤과의 감별에 도움을 주고 폐렴의 원인균을 간편하고 빠르게 확인하는데 유용하다. 또한 경기관 흡인물 배양검사에 비해 신뢰도는 낮지 않으면서 정량적 배양이 가능하여 불필요한 항균제의 사용을 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료되며, 기관지 내시경검사를 할 수 없는 환자에서도 이용이 가능하다. 또한 기관지 내시경이 필요없어 검사비용에 비한 효과면에서 유용하고 안전한 검사이다.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2014

Heat loss through windows and doors occupies 20 to 45% of the total heat loss in building. It accounts for a large proportion of the total heat loss in building. In order to suppress the amount of heat flow through the windows and doors were considered actions such as reinforcement of insulation performance of window, adoption of low-e glass, and installation of solar heat shading device. The Purpose of this study is to compare solar heat shading performances of 3 types of internal blinds in the summer. In order to verify the solar heat shading performances of the blinds, a roll blind, blind A(Venetian blind) and blind B(Daylight guiding venetian blind)were installed in the four rooms with the same environmental conditions. As a result of the experiment, the blind B, blind A, roll blind showed an excellent performance in that order. Its because the blind B is made of aluminum materials coated with special paints on surface. It doesn't converted to long wave by short wave light. and it is reflected to short wave to outside.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2003년도 가을 학술발표논문집 Vol.30 No.2 (1)
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• pp.607-609
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• 2003

본 연구는 기존의 인터넷 경매에서 Auctioneer와 Auction Issuer(AI)의 결탁을 막기 위한 안전하고 효율적인 경매 프로토콜인 blind signature protocol을 제안한다. 제안한 프로토콜에 사용되는 blind signature의 괴는 안전성과 속도면에서 우수한 ECC(Elliptic Curves Cryptosystem)에서 생성한다. 이는 이전의 blind signature키에 사용한 RSA 키사이즈의 정수위에서 구현하는 것 보다 훨씬 암호강도가 세며 속도가 빠르다. 따라서 제안한 프로토콜은 독단적인 Auctioneer의 행동을 막을 수 있으며, Auctioneer와 AI의 결탁이 없는 안전하고 효율적인 인터넷 경매를 할 수 있다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1305-1330
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• 2015

The successful application of the component-based approach - widely used to model structural joints - requires knowledge of the mechanical properties of the constitutive joint components, including an appropriate assembly procedure to derive the joint properties. This paper presents a component-method model for a structural joint component that is located in the tension zone of blind-bolted connections to concrete-filled tubular steel profiles. The model relates to the response of blind-bolts with headed anchors under monotonic loading, and the blind-bolt is termed the "Extended Hollo-bolt". Experimental data is used to develop the model, with the data being collected in a manner such that constitutive models were characterised for the principal elements which contribute to the global deformability of the connector. The model, based on a system of spring elements, incorporates pre-load and deformation from various parts of the blind-bolt: (i) the internal bolt elongation; (ii) the connector's expanding sleeves element; and (iii) the connector's mechanical anchorage element. The characteristics of these elements are determined on the basis of piecewise functions, accounting for basic geometrical and mechanical properties such as the strength of the concrete applied to the tube, the connection clamping length, and the size and class of the blind-bolt's internal bolt. An assembly process is then detailed to establish the model for the elastic and inelastic behaviour of the component. Comparisons of model predictions with experimental data show that the proposed model can predict with sufficient accuracy the response of the component. The model furthers the development of a full and detailed design method for an original connection technology.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.198-201
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• 2014

The phase frequency detector (PFD) is one of the most important building blocks of a phase locked Loop (PLL). Due to blind-zone problem, the detection range of the PFD is low. The blind zone of a PFD directly depends upon the reset time of the PFD and the pre-charge time of the internal nodes of the PFD. Taking these two parameters into consideration, a PFD is designed to achieve a small blind zone closer to the limit imposed by process-voltage-temperature variations. In this paper an enhanced architecture is proposed for dynamic logic PFD to minimize the blind-zone problem. The techniques used are inverter sizing, transistor reordering and use of pre-charge transistors. The PFD is implemented in 180 nm technology with supply voltage of 1.8 V.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyse PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) and PPD (Predicted Percentage of dissatisfied) by automatic control of slat-type vertical blind. EnergyPlus, a building energy analysis software has been used for this study. The energy model is calibrated in Energy Plus using measured zone temperature and glass surface temperature data for one day and thermal comfort performance inside the building analysis was carried out. The calibrated data has the MBE of 4% and Cv(RMSE) of 10%. The result was that, for better zone thermal comfort, installation of blind on the outside is more appropriate than inside or no blind case. Additionally, different glazing types were compared and it was found that Triple Low-e glass is the most favorable.

• 한국건축친환경설비학회 논문집
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.531-542
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• 2018

Building energy demands have highly risen in modern society; thus, It is necessary to reduce building energy demands especially commercial buildings adopting a curtain wall architecture. Curtain wall architectures have a high ratio of windows which is a vulnerable in heat insulations as cladding. In order to complement insulation performance of windows in these buildings, there are various methods adopted often such as installing blinds, wing wall and films. There are two suggestions of this paper. 1) WWR (Window-to-Wall Ratio) makes a impaction of energy demands in buildings. 2) Another one is an efficiency of blind systems which are installed in buildings in order to reduce cooling demands. It is also critical to make fundamental model for low-energy building construction by processing a lot of simulation As a result by this study, 1) an external blind system is more useful for reducing cooling energy demands rather than an internal blind system. 2) Buildings which have a large window require more amount of cooling demands. In case of WWR 45%, it needs more cooling energy rather than WWR 15% model's 3) Adopting blind system would reduce energy demands. WWR 45% model with external blind systems reduces about 4% of cooling energy demands compared to same model without any blind systems.4) it is necessary to study an efficiency of blind systems combined with renewable energy and it will be possible to reduce more energy demand in building significantly.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.95-100
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• 1988

Ipratropium bromide(IP) is a new anticholinergic bronchodilator To evaluate its effect on bronchial asthma which is still unkown in Korea, a double blind and randomized study was done on all patients of bronchial asthma who visit out-patients clinic of our department from June to September 1987 and showed 75 to 100% of FEV1 / FVC ratio (On pre bronchodilator spirometry(pre BD). The selected patients were given 2 puffs of Fenoterol(FE) or Ipratropium inhalator blindly and Spirometry The repeated results are: 1. In both FE and IP groups, there was a significant bronchodilatory effect on 5 and 60 minutes after administration. 2. On 5 minutes, effect of FE was significantly greater than IP.(FVC p<0.05, FEV1 p<0.01) 3. On 60 minutes, effect of IP was slightly less than FE but statistically non-significant. On the basis of above results, we concluded that onset of effect of IP is slower than FE, but its effect is significant and nearly comparable to FE.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.23-26
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• 1970

소화불량(消化不良)을 호소(呼訴)하는 학생(學生) 및 환자(患者)에게 placebos 투여(投與) 및 double-blind test에 의하여 식욕부진(食慾不振), 구역, 구토, 트림, 공복통(空腹痛), 상복부통(上腹部痛), 상복부포만감(上腹部飽滿感), 복부팽만(腹部膨滿), 변비(便秘), 설사(泄瀉) 등의 증상(症狀) 및 위산도(胃酸度)에 대한 Moltase의 효력(?力)을 평가(評價)할 것을 시도(試圖)하여 1) 전반적(全般的)으로 Moltase투여(投與)가 placebos 투여(投與)보다 소화불량증상(消化不良症狀)을 소실(消失) 또는 경감(輕減)시키는 효력(?力)이 켰으며 특히 상복부통(上腹部痛), 상복부포만감(上腹部飽滿感), 복부팽만(腹部膨滿) 및 식욕부진(食慾不進)에 대하여 현저(顯著)한 치료효과(治療?果)가 있으며, 2) 유리위산(遊離胃酸)을 증명(證明)치 못하였던 9명(名)의 환자중(患者中) 6명(名)에서 Moltase 복용후(服用後) 유리위산(遊離胃酸)을 증명(證明)케 되었다.