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The Role of Blind Protected Specimen Brushing (PSB) in Intubated Patients  

Yoo, Hee Seung (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University)
Hong, Ji Hyun (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University)
Yoon, Jang Uk (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University)
Eom, Kwang-Seok (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University)
Lee, Jae Myung (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University)
Kim, Chul Hong (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University)
Jang, Seung Hun (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University)
Kim, Dong Gyu (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University)
Lee, Myung Goo (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University)
Hyun, In Gyu (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University)
Jung, Ki-Suck (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University)
Publication Information
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases / v.55, no.1, 2003 , pp. 59-68 More about this Journal
Abstract
Background : In intubated patients, cultures of endotracheal aspirates (EA) are apt to contamination throughout the endotracheal tube. Therefore, the identification of etiologic agents via conventional EA cultures is not always reliable. In order to differentiate a pulmonary infection from a non-infectious disease, and to identify the true etiologic agent of acute pulmonary infection, blinded protected specimen brushing (PSB) was used, and its efficacy evaluated. Methods : In 51 intubated patients, with suspected pneumonia, blind PSB were performed, and the results compared with blood and EA cultures. A protected specimen brush was introduced through the endotracheal tube, and settled at the affected large bronchus. A specimen brush was introduced to the expected region using the blind method. The tip of the brush was introduced with an aseptic technique after vigorously mixed for 1 minute in $1cm^3$ of Ringer's lactate solution. The specimens were submitted for quantitative culture within 15 minutes, with a culture being regarded as positive if the colony forming units were above $10^3/ml$. Results : Of the 51 patients, 15 (29.4%) had community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), 27 (52.9%) hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and 9 (17.6%) non-infectious diseases. The sensitivity and specificity of the quantitative PSB culture for the diagnosis of pneumonia were 52.4 and 88.9%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of EA were 78.6 and 77.8%, respectively. The blind PSB was superior to the EA for the identification of true etiologic agents. Of 53 episodes of 27 HAP patients, MRSA (Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus) (41.5%) was the most common causative agent followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.1%), Klebsiella sp. (7.5%) and Acinetobacter sp. (7.5%). Conclusions : As a simple, non-invasive diagnostic modality, the blind PSB is a useful method for the differentiation of a pulmonary infection from non-infectious diseases and to identify the etiologic agents in intubated patients. A blind PSB can be performed without bronchoscopy, so is safer, more convenient and cost-effectiveness for patients where bronchoscopy can not be performed.
Keywords
Blind Protected Specimen Brushing (PSB); Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP); Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP);
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