Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2015.18.5.1305

A component method model for blind-bolts with headed anchors in tension  

Pitrakkos, Theodoros (Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Nottingham)
Tizani, Walid (Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Nottingham)
Publication Information
Steel and Composite Structures / v.18, no.5, 2015 , pp. 1305-1330 More about this Journal
Abstract
The successful application of the component-based approach - widely used to model structural joints - requires knowledge of the mechanical properties of the constitutive joint components, including an appropriate assembly procedure to derive the joint properties. This paper presents a component-method model for a structural joint component that is located in the tension zone of blind-bolted connections to concrete-filled tubular steel profiles. The model relates to the response of blind-bolts with headed anchors under monotonic loading, and the blind-bolt is termed the "Extended Hollo-bolt". Experimental data is used to develop the model, with the data being collected in a manner such that constitutive models were characterised for the principal elements which contribute to the global deformability of the connector. The model, based on a system of spring elements, incorporates pre-load and deformation from various parts of the blind-bolt: (i) the internal bolt elongation; (ii) the connector's expanding sleeves element; and (iii) the connector's mechanical anchorage element. The characteristics of these elements are determined on the basis of piecewise functions, accounting for basic geometrical and mechanical properties such as the strength of the concrete applied to the tube, the connection clamping length, and the size and class of the blind-bolt's internal bolt. An assembly process is then detailed to establish the model for the elastic and inelastic behaviour of the component. Comparisons of model predictions with experimental data show that the proposed model can predict with sufficient accuracy the response of the component. The model furthers the development of a full and detailed design method for an original connection technology.
Keywords
blind-bolt; headed anchorage; connections; stiffness; component method;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Barron, J. (1998), Handbook of Bolts and Bolted Joints: Computing the Stiffness of a Fastener, CRC Press, Marcel Dekker, New York, NY, USA.
2 Bickford, J.H. (2008), Introduction to the Design and Behavior of Bolted Joints, (4th Edition),Non-Gasketed Joints, Taylor & Francis Group.
3 British Steel (1997), SHS Jointing: Flow drill & Hollobolt, British Steel Plc.
4 BSI (2001), ISO metric precision hexagon bolts, screws and nuts - Specification, BS 3692:2001, London, UK.
5 BSI (2009), Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel, Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs with specified property classes - Coarse thread and fine pitch thread, BS EN ISO 898-1:2009, British Standards Institution, London, UK.
6 CEN (2010a), Eurocode 3: Design of Steel Structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings, BS EN 1993-1-1:2005, British Standards Institution (Incorporating Corrigenda).
7 CEN (2010b), Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures - Part 1-8: Design of joints, BS EN 1993-1-8:2005, British Standards Institution (Incorporating Corrigenda).
8 Molabolt (2013), Product Brochure; Available at: http://www.molabolt.co.uk (Accessed: 25 September 2013).
9 Motulsky, H. and Christopoulos, A. (2004), Fitting Models to Biological Data using Linear and Nonlinear Regression: A Practical Guide to Curve Fitting, Oxford University Press, USA.
10 ONESIDE (2013), Product Brochure; Available at: http://www.ajaxfast.com.au (Accessed: 25 September 2013).
11 Pitrakkos, T. (2012), "The tensile stiffness of a novel anchored blind-bolt component for moment-resisting connections to concrete-filled hollow sections", Ph.D. Thesis; University of Nottingham, UK.
12 Pitrakkos, T. and Tizani, W. (2013), "Experimental behaviour of a novel anchored blind-bolt in tension", Eng. Struct., 49, 905-919.   DOI
13 SCI/BCSA (2002), Joints in Steel Construction: Simple Connections; Steel Construction Institute (SCI) & British Constructional Steelwork Association (BCSA), Ascot.
14 SCI/BCSA (2011), Joints in Steel Construction: Simple joints to Eurocode 3; Steel Construction Institute (SCI) & British Constructional Steelwork Association (BCSA), Ascot.
15 The Blind Bolt (2013), Product Brochure; Available at: http://www.blindbolt.co.uk (Accessed: 25 September 2013).
16 Tizani, W., Al-Mughairi, A., Owen, J.S. and Pitrakkos, T. (2013a), "Rotational stiffness of a blind-bolted connection to concrete-filled tubes using modified Hollo-bolt", J. Construct. Steel Res., 80, 317-331.   DOI
17 Tizani, W., Wang, Z.Y. and Hajirasouliha, I. (2013b), "Hysteretic performance of a new blind bolted connection to concrete filled columns under cyclic loading: An experimental investigation", Eng. Struct.,46, 535-546.   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Wardenier, J., Packer, J., Zhao, X.-L. and van der Vegte, G.J. (2010), Hollow Sections in Structural Applications, (2nd Edition), CIDECT, Geneva, Switzerland.
19 Wang, J. and Spencer Jr., B.F. (2013), "Experimental and analytical behavior of blind bolted moment connections", J. Construct. Steel Res., 82, 33-47.   DOI
20 Wang, J.-F., Han, L.-H. and Uy, B. (2009), "Behaviour of flush end plate joints to concrete-filled steel tubular columns", J. Construct. Steel Res., 65(4), 925-939.   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Yao, H., Goldsworthy, H. and Gad, E. (2008) "Experimental and numerical investigation of the tensile behavior of blind-bolted T-Stub connections to concrete-filled circular columns", ASCE J. Struct. Eng.. 134(2), 198-208.   DOI
22 Gardner, A.P. and Goldsworthy, H.M. (1999), "Moment-resisting connections for composite frames", Proceedings of Conference on Mechanics of Structures & Materials, (Bridge and Foster Eds.), Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands, December, pp. 309-314.
23 Da Silva, L.S., Santiago, A. and Vila Real, P. (2002), "Post-limit stiffness and ductility of end-plate beam-to-column steel joints", Comput. Struct.. 80(5-6), 515-531.   DOI
24 ECCS (1986), Technical Committee 1: structural safety and loadings: technical working group 1.3: seismic design, recommended testing procedure for assessing the behaviour of structural steel elements under cyclic loads.
25 Elghazouli, A.Y., Malaga-Chuquitaype, C., Castro, J.M. and Orton, A.H. (2009), "Experimental monotonic and cyclic behaviour of blind-bolted angle connections", Eng. Struct., 31(11), 2540-2553.   DOI
26 Gardner, A.P. and Goldsworthy, H.M. (2005), "Experimental investigation of the stiffness of critical components in a moment-resisting composite connection", J. Construct. Steel Res.. 61(5), 709-726.   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Flowdrill (2013), Product Brochure; Available at: http://www.flowdrill.com (Accessed: 25 September 2013).
28 HuckBOM (2013), Product Brochure; Available at: http://www.afshuck.net/ (Accessed: 25 September 2013).
29 Kuhlmann, U., Davison, J.B. and Kattner, M. (1998), "Structural systems and rotation capacity", Proceedings of COST C1 conference on Control of the Semi-rigid Behaviour of Civil Engineering Structural Connections, Universite de Liege, Belgium, September, pp. 167-176.
30 Lindapter (2013a), Type HB - Hollo-$Bolt^{(R)}$, Lindapter International, UK.
31 Lindapter (2013b), Type LB2 - $Lindibolt^{(R)}$ 2, Lindapter International, UK.