• 아동학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.71-85
• /
• 2002

This study examined the effects of different interaction styles, that is, interaction with an object and interaction with an adult, on young children's cognitive level. Subjects were 150 5-year-old children. The task required children to predict the working of a mathematical balance beam. Seven cognitive levels were identified based on the logic of prediction. Data were analyzed by t-test, F-test, Duncan Test and Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Test. Results showed that both interaction styles caused improvement in children's cognitive level, but when interaction with an adult was divided into two categories, i.e., interaction with the higher group and interaction with the lower group, the latter experienced decline in cognitive level. Regardless of sex, interactions within the Zone of Proximal Development and with the object were found to be effective methods for children's cognitive improvement.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• 제21권11호
• /
• pp.119-130
• /
• 2021

This study aimed at Evaluate Students' Interaction and Happiness in Distance Learning Among Students with Learning-Difficulties, by identifying the level of students' interaction in distance education and differences between them, as well as its impact on their happiness to learn. To achieve the aim of the study, two scales were designed for this purpose and were applied to a sample consisting of (310) individuals. The results showed that the level of students' interaction through the e-learning platform was at a high level. The results also showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of males and females in the scale of students' interaction through the e-learning platform. There was no statistically significant difference between them in their happiness for distance learning via the online platform. There were also no statistically significant differences related to the grade variable in the level of interaction through the electronic platform and in the happiness to learn, while there was a positive statistically significant effect of interaction through the electronic platform on students' happiness to learn.

• 한국간호교육학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.323-331
• /
• 2012

Purpose: Level of meta-cognition of students has been regarded as one of the crucial factors on web-based learning. This study aimed to describe interaction type in small group discussion of the nursing graduate students and to investigate learning consequences and interaction types in group discussion on meta-cognition level. Method: Twenty six graduate nursing students attending the class on-line at the K university in Seoul were included in the study. We measured their meta-cognition level and learning attitude. We also scored their individual and group reports as well as analyzed interaction type by reviewing the dialogue of the group discussion. Results: The participants showed low frequency of exploratory interaction and high frequency of integrative interaction in the cognitive interaction category. They showed frequent modification interaction in the meta-cognitive interaction category. Interestingly, the students with lower level of meta-cognition achieved significantly greater scores in the individual assignments. High functioning group consisting of the students with high meta-cognitive level produced greater group report. Conclusion: A new strategy is needed to encourage in-depth interaction in a group discussion of nursing students. Meta-cognitive level of the students should be considered to form a small group for discussion in order to improve group activities.

• 한국보육지원학회지
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.41-57
• /
• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderate effect of the physical environmental-level between infant teachers' positive play beliefs and teacher-infant interaction. Methods: The subjects of this study were 483 teachers in charge of one-year-old and two-year-old infants in child care centers located in metropolitan areas. The data were collected by asking the teachers to respond to a questionnaire and the data collected were analyzed through correlation and hierarchical multi- regression analysis. Results: First, the positive play beliefs of the infant teacher, the physical environment level, and the teacher-infant interaction showed significant proportional correlations. Second, the physical environment level moderated the influence of the teacher's positive play beliefs on teacher-infant interaction. In particular, results showed that functional interior space configuration, outdoor playground composition and facilities among the sub-variables of the physical environment level had a moderating effect. Conclusion/Implications: The results of this study show that teachers with positive play beliefs have positive teacher-infant interaction when there is sufficient space available for infants and teachers. This indicates that the human and physical environments of child care centers can promote teacher-child interaction.

• 농촌계획
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.99-114
• /
• 2006

Under awareness of the importance of interaction between local research agencies and farmers in developing local agriculture, this study attempts to analyse the level of interaction in extension services of Experiment Station. The data were collected through the interview with researchers in five Experiment Stations and farmers who have made contact with the researchers. The results of the analysis are as follow: (1) The Experiment Stations are currently providing extension services though they are originally research-oriented agencies. The extension methods of Experiment Stations are similar with those of extension agencies. (2) The more systematic the characteristic of extension service type is, the higher level of interaction is generated with several exceptions which should not be ignored. This study accentuates the efforts to improve the level of interaction as well as to construct a system as a linked set of actors.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.31-44
• /
• 1998

In our time the parent's role is changing from sexually differentiated to androgynous pattern. Mother's interction with infant includes caring and father's interaction especially have play. Father and mother share the caring and play because they have complementary nature. Infants have a tendency to show more positive responses to their fathers than mothers in play situations. For that reason we can help the promotion of father's interaction with his infant through ascertaining patterns of father-infant play interaction. This study was to find out patterns of father-infant play interaction in order to improve the Interaction between father and infant. Data was video-taped from 6 fathers and infants who were healthy and first-timed and 7-11 weeks old in their houses. I used Father-Infant Play Interaction Scale that was applied to father instead of mother as a care-giver. The scale was checked up by experts in this field for content validity and the reliability was 0.95 in this study. The results were as follows : 1. Father's play behaviors were the patterns of responses about infant's cue. The mean score was 33.16(SD, 9.11), This means they come up to the standard level of responses about infant's cue. 2. Infant's play behaviors were the patterns of responses about father's cue. The mean score was 7.00(SD,3.10). This means they get the higher level of responses about father's cue. 3. The patterns of simultaneous responses occured together between father and infant. The mean score was 9.58 (SD, 3.96). This means they reach the standard level of simultaneous responses between father and infant. 4. The patterns of interactional behaviors occured interpersonally between father and infant. The mean score was 49.75(SD, 15.80). This means they interact on the standard level of play interaction. In view of the results father's play interaction seems to reveal an average level and play patterns are similar to mother's. In order to ascertain definitely patterns of father-infant play interaction we need further research which has more subjects and variables to have important effects.

• 한국보육지원학회지
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.277-296
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 보육교사의 교사효능감, 전문성 수준이 교사-유아 상호작용에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위한 연구이다. 그에 따른 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 20대 교사보다 30대 이상의 교사에게서 교사효능감, 전문성 수준 및 교사-유아 상호작용이 높게 나타났다. 교사의 평가인증경험에 따라서는 교사효능감과 전문성 수준이 집단 간 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 교사효능감은 평가인증경험이 없는 집단보다 평가인증경험이 2회 이상인 집단이 높게 나타났고, 교사의 전문성 수준은 평가인증경험이 없는 집단과 1회인 집단보다 평가인증경험이 2회 이상인 집단이 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 교사효능감, 전문성 수준 및 교사-유아 상호작용간의 관계를 알아본 결과, 교사효능감은 전문성 수준, 교사-유아 상호작용과 정적 상관이 나타났고, 교사의 전문성 수준은 교사-유아 상호작용과 정적 상관이 나타났다. 셋째, 사회인구학적 변인(교사의 연령, 경력, 평가인증경험), 교사효능감 및 전문성 수준이 교사-유아 상호작용에 미치는 상대적 영향력을 살펴 본 결과, 교사의 연령이 높을수록 교사-유아 언어적 상호작용에, 교사의 경력이 높을수록 교사-유아 행동적 상호작용에 미치는 영향력이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 교사의 연령과 교사효능감, 전문성 수준이 높을수록 교사-유아 상호작용 전체에 미치는 영향력이 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.98-112
• /
• 2021

This study aimed at measuring students' interaction in distance education through the electronic platform among intermediate school students, by identifying the level of students' interaction in distance education and differences between them, as well as its impact on their motivation to learn. To achieve the aim of the study, two scales were designed for this purpose and were applied to a sample consisting of (268) individuals. The results showed that the level of students' interaction through the e-learning platform was at a high level. The results also showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of males and females in the scale of students' interaction through the e-learning platform. There was no statistically significant difference between them in their motivation for distance learning via the online platform. There were also no statistically significant differences related to the grade variable in the level of interaction through the electronic platform and in the motivation to learn, while there was a positive statistically significant effect of interaction through the electronic platform on students' motivation to learn.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.287-318
• /
• 2012

We apply a partitioned-solution (iterative-staggered) coupling method based on a fixed Eulerian mesh with the level set function to a large-deformation fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problem where a large-deformable thin structure moves in a high-speed flow field, as an airbag does during deployment. This method combines advanced fluid and structure solvers-specifically, the constrained interpolation profile finite element method (CIP-FEM) for fluid Eulerian mesh and large-deformable structural elements for Lagrangian structural mesh. We express the large-deformable interface as a zero isosurface by the level set function, and introduce virtual nodes with level sets and structural normal velocities to generate the level set function according to the large-deformable interfacial geometry and enforce the kinematic condition at the interface. The virtual nodes are located in the direction normal to the structural mesh. It is confirmed that application of the method to unfolded airbag deployment simulation shows the adequacy of the method.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.27-39
• /
• 2004

This study was to find out children's Negotiation Levels(NLs) according to their age and gender. The subjects for this study were 143 children of 7, 9, 12 years. Two children dyads participated in the experimental play situation with Rokenbok Electronic Toy Systems. The NLs in children's interactive dialogue & actions were scored with Stone, Robinson & Taylor(1980)'s 'Negotiation of Task Completion Coding Manual'. They were coded into Level 0(no interaction), Level l(one way interaction), Level 2(reciprocally interaction), Level 3(mutual or cooperative interaction). The results were as follows; 1) 12-year-old children negotiated with higher level than 7-and 9-year old children 2) Boys' NLs average were higher than girls'. These results imply that 1) the fluctuation of NLs in childhood, especially around 10 years, should be interpreted carefully, 2) various measuring kits for negotiation should be developed considering children's characteristics, such as age, gender etc.