• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.13-31
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• 2024

In recent times, STEM graduates are confronting a decline in employment rates influenced by economic, social, cultural, and policy-related factors. Career decisions are closely linked to education, college experiences, and university settings. To comprehend the reasons behind the decline in STEM employment, it is essential to explore the relationships among these factors. This study aims to comprehensively examine differences in career motivation and career exploration behavior among 2,393 STEM undergraduates in Korea. Additionally, factors affecting career motivation and career exploration behavior were investigated. The findings indicate significant differences in perceived career motivation and career exploration behavior based on individual backgrounds and university characteristics. And analyzing the data, 37.8% of career motivation is explained by contextual supports, career barriers, individual backgrounds (grade, GPA), university characteristics (major fields, location), field to enter after graduation, and timing of job preparation. For career exploration behavior, 30.1% is explained by contextual supports, career barriers, individual backgrounds (gender, grade, GPA), university characteristics (major field, location), field to enter after graduation, and timing of job preparation. Practical implications underscore the need for tailored educational and policy support, considering individual backgrounds and university characteristics, to effectively address challenges faced by STEM graduates in the evolving employment landscape.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.203-210
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• 2011

The aims of this study were to evaluate the adequate thickness of opaque resins for situations such as an oral black cavity and discolored tooth structure, as well as the translucency of each opaque material at various thicknesses. Six opaque-shade composite resins (Z-350 OA3, Amelogen Universal A2O, Esthet-X A2O, Esthet-X A4O, Charmfil UO and Aelite Universal OA3) were prepared in metal molds with a hole of 8 mm in diameter and various thicknesses (0.5mm, 1.0mm, 1.5mm, 2.0mm, 2.5mm, 3.0 mm and 4.0mm). Four backgrounds (white tile, black tile, C4 shade porcelain and opaque resin itself) were used to determine the translucency parameter (between black and white backgrounds). and to mimic a black oral cavity (between black and opaque resin backgrounds) and a discolored tooth structure (between C4 and opaque resin backgrounds). Color measurements were made by a colorimeter to determine the CIELAB values of each specimen with each background and to calculate the translucency parameter and ${\Delta}E^*$ value difference among the specimens on the backgrounds. The translucency parameter and ${\Delta}E^*$ obtained between black and opaque resin backgrounds decreased in similar pattern as thickness increased. A C4 background was masked by resin thicknesses of 0.5-1.0mm, while a black background required thicknesses of 1.0-2.0mm. Adequate knowledge about differences in the optical character like translucency of the materials used is essential, together with the accumulated experience of the individual clinician.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.121-133
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychological wellbeing as applied to the bioecological family life welfare model, concerning individual attributes, family backgrounds, and family processes across the family life cycles. Based on Bronfenbrenner's bioecological perspective, the "bioecological family welfare model", which includes person (individual attributes), context (family background), process (mechanism - family process), and time (the family life cycles), was applied as a research paradigm for this study. The sample for the questionnaire study comprised for 900 families, considering the family life cycle in Busan and the Kyungnam area. The families were categorized into 6 family life cycles based on Duvall and Hill's family life cycle. For the final analysis, 628 families were used. According to the path analysis results, the length of commitment before marriage and self-esteem had significant effects on the stress coping ability. Several individual attributes and family backgrounds such as age, length of marriage, family life cycle, self-esteem and stress coping ability had significant effects on marital adjustment. The family life cycle and age were significant variables on family function. The significant variables on psychological wellbeing were monthly income, length of commitment before marriage, stress coping ability and marital adjustment. The regression model showed that the variables of the individual attributes, context and family process accounted for 51% of the psychological wellbeing. The results show that the suggested research model was significant and effective to explain the mechanism of psychological wellbeing. Individual attributes and family context have an impact on stress coping, marital adjustment, and family function, which in turn affect psychological wellbeing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.1220-1231
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• 2010

This study examined customer misbehaviors in retail settings by identifying behavioral patterns and exploring behavioral backgrounds and consequences from the employee's perspectives. Qualitative data were collected from an individual interview method, and 222 interviews were analyzed. Customer misbehavior was categorized into unethical returns, problem behaviors in service encounters, unreasonable demands, shoplifting/fraud, ill-mannered behaviors, and selfish behaviors. Behavioral backgrounds included dissatisfaction, unreasonable expectations, actively benefiting of service failures, taking advantage of service standards, illegitimate complaints, monetary gains, transferring responsibility, and demanding special treatment. Employees experienced stress facing misbehaving customers with no other choice except to accept misbehaviors and learned misbehaviors as customers themselves. The study further discusses the implications.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 2019

This study deals with empathic concern in the age of the fourth industrial revolution. A study, investigating emotional and empathic responses towards a situation of negative human-robot interaction, was conducted using mobile surveys and self-reports. In total, 116 subjects were recruited regardless of their disciplinary and demographic backgrounds. For data analysis, a mixed method was used. Results show that people differ in emotional and empathic responses in human-robot interaction. This individual difference was influenced by educational backgrounds and gender. Suggestions for engineering education were discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.107-117
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate university freshmen' stress coping strategy and psychological wellbeing to appling ecological family life welfare model. Based on Bronfenbrenner's ecological perspective, “ecological family welfare model”, which includes person(individual attributes), context(family backgrounds), process(mechanism of development), and time (the specific period), was suggested as a new research paradigm for family welfare life research. The questionnaire study was done for 171 freshmen of an university in Pusan. The results show the suggested research model was significant and effective to explain the mechanism of stress coping strategy and psychological wellbeing. Individual attributes(i. e., attachment style) and family context have an impact on family cohesion and adaptability which in turn affect stress coping strategies which then affect individual psychological wellbeing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.16 no.1 s.41
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• pp.137-146
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• 1992

As a preliminary work for the interrelations between individuals' learning style and their consumer decision-making styles in purchasing apparel, its theoretical backgrounds were reviewed. Several major approaches to measuring and characterizing learning styles were theories of Hunt, Schroder, Kolb, and sproles. - Relevant literature suggests several consumer decision-making styles including Morchis' and Sproles'. Researches on the practical' implication of theoretical learning styles model in the area of consumer decision-making styles were also explored.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.1497-1505
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• 2022

Recently, the concept of personalized nutrition has been developed, which states that food components do not always lead to the same metabolic responses, but vary from person to person. Although this concept has been studied based on individual genetic backgrounds, researchers have recently explored its potential role in the gut microbiome. The gut microbiota physiologically communicates with humans by forming a bidirectional relationship with the micronutrients, macronutrients, and phytochemicals consumed by the host. Furthermore, the gut microbiota can vary from person to person and can be easily shifted by diet. Therefore, several recent studies have reported the application of personalized nutrition to intestinal microflora. This review provides an overview of the interaction of diet with the gut microbiome and the latest evidence in understanding the inter-individual differences in dietary responsiveness according to individual baseline gut microbiota and microbiome-associated dietary intervention in diseases. The diversity of the gut microbiota and the presence of specific microorganisms can be attributed to physiological differences following dietary intervention. The difference in individual responsiveness based on the gut microbiota has the potential to become an important research approach for personalized nutrition and health management, although further well-designed large-scale studies are warranted.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.292-303
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• 1994

The present study investigated the perceptions of food adopted by Koreans using the characteristics of taste and nutrition. Two hundred and nine Korean subjects were surveyed including University students and adults from many diverse social backgrounds. The subjects sorted pictures of foods according to two conditions, how tasty and then how nutritions they thought the foods were using the Q-method. These pictures included two sets, one for individual food items and the second depicting typical Korean meals, yielding a total of four conditions, This methodology effectively addressed any language barrier as pictures and words in both Korean and English were used. It was an effective tool for allowing the identification of perceptual structures and indicating how prevalent they were across samples. The data were factor analysed and the resulting factor scores interpreted. Meat was regarded positively in all four conditions. Individual sweet foods were preferred by younger subjects while individual traditional foods were preferred by older subjects. Traditional Korean meals were also favoured while processed meals were not. Nutritionally, proteins were more valued than carbohydrates, fibre and vitamins. Meals that contained protein and were regarded as filling and sustaining were regarded positively. The implications for nutrition education were discussed.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.463-468
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• 2014

BACKGROUNDS/OBJECTOVES: Family has an impact on dietary intake of children as a proximal food environment and family structures are changing and becoming more diverse. This study was performed to identify the association between family structure and food group intake of children aged 3-18 years in Korea. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 3,217 children with complete data on variables for household information, dietary intake and sampling weights were obtained from 2010-2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Children's family structure was classified into 3 groups (Living with both parents, Living with one parent and Living without parents). To evaluate children's food group intake, scores of individual food groups ('Grains', 'Meat, Fish, Eggs and Beans', 'Vegetables', 'Fruits' and 'Milk and Dairy products') was calculated from percent adherence to the recommended servings of the Korean Food Guidance System (KFGS). 'Food group mean score' was obtained by calculating the average of five food group scores. RESULTS: After adjusting for age, sex, number of family members, and household income, children living with both parents had higher scores in 'Fruits' (P < 0.01), 'Milk and Dairy products' (P < 0.05), and mean score of individual food group score (P < 0.001) compared to children living with one parent. Individual food group scores and mean scores of individual food group scores were associated with different socio-demographic factors in study children. Family structure was associated with 'Fruits,' 'Milk and Dairy products' score and mean scores of food group scores. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that different approach might be required to solve nutrition problem in children depending on their family structure and other socio-demographic factors.