• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.691-695
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• 2002

This study was performed to examine the cytotoxic effects of the distilled pine-needle extracts against several cancer cell lines. First, cell lines including mice leukemic cancer cell line (L1210), sarcoma 180 and human monocyte-like cancer cells (U937) were tested using XTT methods in uitro. Pine-needle extracts were prepared by pressing the pine needles and distilling it at below 98$^{\circ}C$ and then added to the growth medium in a final dilution of 10, 20, and 40 times. Growth of three kinds of cancer cells was significantly inhibited by more than 50% with the addition of the extracts. Fifty six to seventy six % of inhibition was shown with the 40 times dilution of the extracts. Greater inhibition was achieved with the 20 times dilution (81~90%) and the 10 times dilution (77~89%) of the extracts. Next, other human cancer cell lines including 3 kinds of breast cancer cell lines (T47D, MDA-MB-231 and MW7A) and one hepatoma cell line (SNU-354) were tested with the 20 times dilution of the extract. T47D and MDA-MB-231 cell lines showed lower inhibition (12%) with the addition of the extract. However, MH7A and SNU-354 cell lines showed 64% and 72% inhibition with the extract, respectively. These results suggest that the distilled pine-needle extracts have strong cytotoxic effect on certain cancer cell lines and the intensity of the effect may vary depending on the process of the pine needle.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2009

The aim of this research was to prepare microparticulate systems based on poly (lactide-co-glycolide)(PLGA) for the local release of ipriflavone in order to reduce bone loss. We developed the IP loaded PLGA microspheres using relatively simple oil-in-water(O/W) solvent evaporation method. HPLC was used to perform the in vitro release test of IP and morphology of cell attached on the micro-spheres was investigated using SEM. Cytotoxicity was assayed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) test. Osteogenic differential cells were analyzed by ALP activity. Through RT-PCR analysis, we observed osteocalcin, ALP, and Type I collagen mRNA expression. The release of IP in vitro was more prolonged over 42 days and IP/PLGA microspheres showed the improvement on the cell proliferation, ALP activity and RT-PCR comparing with control (only PLGA). This initial research will be used to direct future work involved in developing this composite injectable bone tissue engineering system.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.102-105
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• 2005

Eighteen methanol extracts of herb-medicine used for malarial and antipyretic therapies in Korea were assessed for their antimalarial activities. Eighteen extracts showed evident antimalarial activity with $EC_50$ values ranged from $2.8\;to\;110mg/m{\ell}$. Evodia fructus showed the antimalarial activity of $EC_50\;=\;4.1\;mg/m{\ell}$ and higher selective toxicity(>8) with no cytotocixity for mammalian cells. This indicated that Evodia fructus is potent for a new effective and safe antimalarial agent. The methanol extract of Physalli radix had also strongest antiplasmodial activity with $EC_50$ value of $2.8{\mu}g/m{\ell}$.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.669-675
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• 2007

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) nano powders were synthesized using the microwave-assisted synthesis process dependent on pH and microwave irradiation time. The average size of a powder was less than 100 nm in diameter. Through in-vitro cytotoxicity tests by an extract dilution method, the HAp and BCP nano powders have shown to be cytocompatible for L-929 fibroblast cells, osteoblastlike MG-63 cells and osteoclast-like Raw 264.7 cells. The activation of osteoblast was estimated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. When the HAp and BCP were treated to MG-63 cells, alkaline phosphatase activities increased on day 3, compared with those of the untreated cells. Also, the collagen fibers increased when the HAp and BCP powders suspension were treated to MG-63 cells, compared to those of the untreated cells. Quantitative alizarin red S mineralization assays showed a trend toward increasing mineralization in osteoblast cultured with powder suspension. In conclusion, hydroxyapatite and biphasic calcium phosphate appeared to be a bone graft substitute material with optimal biocompatibility and could be further applied to clinical use as an artificial bone graft substitute.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.552-560
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• 2020

Human carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozyme II has been used as protein target for disorder treatment including glaucoma. Current clinically used sulfonamide-based CA inhibitors can induce side effects, and so alternatives are required. This study aimed to investigate a natural CA inhibitor from Murraya paniculata. The previously developed yeast-based assay was used to screen 14 compounds isolated from M. paniculata and identified by NMR analysis for anti-human CA isozyme II (hCAII) activity. Cytotoxicity of the compounds was also tested using the same yeast-based assay but in a different cultivation condition. Two flavonoid candidate compounds, 5, 6, 7, 8, 3', 4', 5'-heptamethoxyflavone (4) and 3, 5, 7, 8, 3', 4', 5'-heptamethoxyflavone (9), showed potent inhibitory activity against hCAII with a minimal effective concentration of 10.8 and 21.5 μM, respectively, while they both exhibited no cytotoxic effect, even at the highest concentration tested (170 μM). The results from an in vitro esterase assay of the two candidates confirmed their hCAII inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ values of 24.0 and 34.3 μM, respectively. To investigate the potential inhibition mechanism of compound 4, in silico molecular docking was performed using the FlexX and SwissDock software. This revealed that compound 4 coordinated with the Zn²⁺ ion in the hCAII active site through its methoxy oxygen at a distance of 1.60 Å (FlexX) or 2.29 Å (SwissDock). The interaction energy of compound 4 with hCAII was -13.36 kcal/mol. Thus, compound 4 is a potent novel flavonoid-based hCAII inhibitor and may be useful for further anti-CAII design and development.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 2013

Objectives The aim of this study is to investigate whether hwang-ryun-haedok-tang (HDT) affect proliferations of androgen-dependent LNCaP prostate cancer cells, androgen-independent PC-3, DU-145 prostate cancer cells, MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, A549, NCI-H292 human pulmonary cancer cells and K-562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Materials and Methods Effects of HDT on proliferations of each cancer cell line were investigated. 20,000 cells/well were plated in each well of 96-well culture plate. After 24 hrs, 0.01-10% of HDT in culture medium was added to cancer cells. The number of cells was counted by using SRB assay or direct cell counting method after 72 hours from drug treatment. Effect of baicalein or berebrine on proliferation was assessed according to the same method. Results (1) HDT inhibited proliferations of LNCaP, PC-3 and DU-145 prostate cancer cells. (2) HDT inhibited proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. (3) HDT also inhibited proliferations of A549, NCI-H292 pulmonary cancer cells and K-562 chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. (4) Baicalein and berberine also showed inhibitory effects on proliferations of prostate and breast cancer cells. Conclusion : HDT inhibited proliferations of human prostate, breast, pulmonary and blood cancer cells. These results suggest us the potential use of HDT as a chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agent. Effect of HDT on human cancer should be further investigated using in vivo experimental models that can reflect pathophysiology of human cancer through another studies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1505-1510
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• 2012

To aim of this was to observe emodin-mediated cytotoxicity and its influence on Rad51 and ERCC1 expressionin non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC cells were cultured in vitro with emodin at various concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75 and $100\;{\mu}mol/L$) for 48h and the proliferation inhibition rate was determined by the MTT method. Then, NSCLC were treated with emodin (SK-MES-1 $40\;{\mu}mol/L$, A549 $70\;{\mu}mol/L$) or $20\;{\mu}mol/L$ U0126 (an ERK inhibitor) for 48 h, or with various concentrations of emodin for 48 h and the protein and mRNA expressions of ERCC1 and Rad51 were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot assay, respectively. Emodin exerted a suppressive effect on the proliferation of NSCLC in a concentration dependent manner. Protein and mRNA expression of ERCC1 and Rad51 was also significantly decreased with the dose. Vacuolar degeneration was observed in A549 and SK-MES-1 cell lines after emodin treatment by transmission electron microscopy. Emodin may thus inhibited cell proliferation in NSCLC cells by downregulation ERCC1 and Rad51.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.4199-4202
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• 2015

Background: Hepatitis B virus infection is one of the major world health problems. Epigallocatechin-3 gallate is the major component of the polyphenolic fraction of green tea and it has an anti-viral, anti-mutagenic, anti-tumorigenic, anti-angiogenic, anti-proliferative, and/or pro-apoptotic effects on mammalian cells. In this study, our aim was to investigate the inhibition of HBV replication by epigallocatechin-3 gallate in the Hep3B2.1-7 hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Materials and Methods: HBV-replicating Hep3B2.1-7 cells were used to investigate the preventive effects of epigallocatechin-3 gallate on HBV DNA replication. The expression levels of HBsAg and HBeAg were determined using ELISA. Quantitative real-time-PCR was applied for the determination of the expression level of HBV DNA. Results: Cytotoxicity of epigallocathechin-3-gallate was not observed in the hepatic carcinoma cell line when the dose was lower than $100{\mu}M$. The ELISA method demonstrated that epigallocatechin-3 gallate have strong effects on HBsAg and HBeAg levels. Also it was detected by real-time PCR that epigallocatechin-3 gallate could prevent HBV DNA replication. Conclusions: The obtained data pointed out that although the exact mechanism of HBV DNA replication and related diseases remains unclear, epigallocatechin-3 gallate has a potential as an effective anti-HBV agent with low toxicity.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.3351-3355
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• 2013

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising cancer treatment modality that uses dye-sensitized photooxidation of biologic matter in target tissue. This study explored effects of the photosensitizer BCPD-17 during PDT for osteosarcoma. LM-8 osteosarcoma cells were treated with BCPD-17 and cell viability after laser irradiation was assessed in vitro with the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The effects of BCPD-17 during PDT recurrence were then examined on tumor-bearing mice in vivo. BCPD-17 had dosedependent cytotoxic effects on LM-8 osteosarcoma cells after laser irradiation which also had energy-dependent effects on the cells. The rate of local recurrence was reduced when marginal resection of mice tumors was followed by BCPD-17-mediated PDT. Our results indicated BCPD-17-mediated PDT in combination with marginal resection of tumors is a potentially new effective treatment for osteosarcoma.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.269-288
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• 1996

Coicis Semen is one of the oriental medicine that has been used for the treatment of the diseases such as pulmonary abscess, periappendicular abscess and wart since ancient times. However, the mechanism of the action of the drug is not well studied. This study was done to investigate the effects of Coicis Semen on the host defence mechanism. Effects of Coicis Semen on the immune responses were analysed by measuring the contact hypersensitivity, hemagglutinin, hemolysin and rosette formation, cytotoxicity, and reactive oxygen intermidiates production. As the results, water extract of Coicis Semen administration enhanced the antibodies (hemagglutinin and hemolysin) formation and the appearance of rosette forming cells of the spleen. Also Coicis Semen increased the allogeneic immune response in the mouse, showed cytotoxic activity against human leukemia cell line(K562) and decreased the contact hypersensitivity against dinitroflurobenzene. Also administration of Coicis Senlen slightly increased NK cell activity and enhanced the production of such reactive oxygen intermediates as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide from the macrophages in vivo and in vitro. The above results demonstrate that Coicis Semen has enhancing effects on cellular and humoral immune responses against disease.