• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.361-370
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• 2005

보철이나 수복 영역에서 재료 자체의 기계적 특성을 강화하기 위해 많이 사용되어 오던 fiber reinforced composite (FRC)는 최근 교정 영역까지 그 사용이 확대되고 있다 이 연구의 목적은 silica glass fiber로 강화된 FRC (FibreKor. Jeneric/pentron Inc., Wallingford, U. S.A.)를 다양한 기간 동안 물에 저장하였을 때 물 흡수가 FRC의 굽힘 특성에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 함이었다. 시편은 임상에서 적응하는 원형, (직사)각형의 두 가지 형태를 기준으로 plasma arc light를 이용하여 광중합하여 제작하였다. 각형 원형 각각 5개의 시편을 실은(평균 $23^{\circ}C$)의 증류수 안에 0시간. 1시간. 1일. 1주, 15일 1개월, 3개월의 기간 동안 보관한 후 torque tester를 이용하여 굽힘 시험을 시행하였다 굽힘 강성(flexural stiffness)은 24시간 후에 원형의 경우 58%, 각형의 경우 25%로 감소했으며 3개월 후에는 각각 28%, 19%의 실험 전 상태의 강성을 나타냈다. 항복 굽힘 모멘트(yield flexural moment. $3^{\circ}$ offset)는 24시간 후에 원형의 경우 45% 각형의 경우 75%로 감소했으며 3개월 후에는 실험 전 항복 굽힘 모멘트의 29%, 60%로 각각 감소하였다 파절 굽힘 모멘트(ultimate flexural moment)는 24시간 후에 원형의 경우 30% 각형의 경우 75%로 감소했으며 3개월 후에는 실험 전 값의 25%, 37%로 각각 감소하였다 이상의 실험을 통하여 FibreKor는 물에 보관 시 초기에 굽힘 강성이 급격히 저하됨을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 수분에 대한 굽힘 강도 증가를 위한 연구가 향후 필요할 것이다.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.523-532
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• 2010

Co-application of organic coating and cathodic protection has not provided enough durability to low-alloyed steels inseawater ballast tank (SBT) environments. An attempt has made to study the effect of alloy elements (Al, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Si, W) on general and localized corrosion resistance of steels as basic research to develop new low-allowed steels resistive to corrosion in SBT environments. For this study, we measured the corrosion rate by the weigh loss method after periodic immersion in synthetic seawater at $60^{\circ}C$, evaluated the localized corrosion resistance by an immersion test in concentrated chloride solution with the critical pH depending on the alloy element (Fe, Cr, Al, Ni), determined the permeability of chloride ion across the rust layer by measuring the membrane potential, and finally, we analyzed the rust layer by EPMA mapping and compared the result with the E-pH diagram calculated in the study. The immersion test of up to 55 days in the synthetic seawater showed that chromium, aluminium, and nickel are beneficial but the other elements are detrimental to corrosion resistance. Among the beneficial elements, chromium and aluminium effectively decreased the corrosion rate of the steels during the initial immersion, while nickel effectively decreased the corrosion rate in a longer than 30-day immersion. The low corrosion rate of Cr- or Al-alloyed steel in the initial period was due to the formation of $Cr_2FeO_4$ or $Al_2FeO_4$, respectively -the predicted oxide in the E-pH diagram- which is known as a more protective oxide than $Fe_3O_4$. The increased corrosion rate of Cr-alloyed steels with alonger than 30-day exposure was due to low localized corrosion resistance, which is explained bythe effect of the alloying element on a critical pH. In the meantime, the low corrosion rate of Ni-alloyed steel with a longer than 30-day exposure wasdue to an Ni enriched layer containing $Fe_2NiO_4$, the predicted oxide in the E-pH diagram. Finally, the measurement of the membrane potential depending on the alloying element showed that a lower permeability of chloride ion does not always result in higher corrosion resistance in seawater.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.421-427
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 병원 전 외상환자 시뮬레이션에서 동영상을 이용한 사전브리핑이 전통적 사전브리핑을 적용한 그룹에 비해 시뮬레이션 몰입감, 시뮬레이션 자신감, 시뮬레이션 만족도에 차이가 있는지 비교하기 위해 대조군 실험설계 연구이다. 실험군과 대조군 모두 시뮬레이션 환경에서 오리엔테이션을 수행했다. 이후 실험 그룹은 훈련의 목표와 결과가 제시된 시나리오 상황과 유사한 약 8분 분량의 비디오를 시청했으며. 반면 통제 그룹은 같은 시간 동안 시나리오와 관련된 고전적인 오리엔테이션 방식을 수행했다. 또한, 실험 집단과 통제 집단은 같은 상황에서 12분 동안 시뮬레이션 실습을 하였으며, 같은 연구자가 40분 동안 디브리핑을 수행하였다. 그 후 참가자들의 시뮬레이션 몰입감, 자신감, 만족도를 측정했다. 데이터는 SPSS 22.0 프로그램을 사용하여 t-test를 사용하여 분석하였다. 결과적으로 영상을 활용한 사전브리핑을 실시한 실험군이 대조군보다 몰입감과 자신감이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 반면 만족도는 두 그룹 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 즉 구조화 된 비디오를 사용한 사전브리핑이 시뮬레이션 몰입감과 시뮬레이션 자신감을 높이는 효과적인 교육 방법이라는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.59-59
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• 2002

Sn-Ag-Cu solder is known as most competitive in many kinds of Pb-free solders. In this study, effects of solderability with plated layers such as Cu, Cu/Sn, Cu/Ni and Cu/Ni/Au were investigated. Sn-3.5Ag-0.7Cu solder balls were reflowed in commercial reflow machine (peak temp. : 250℃ and conveyer speed : 0.6m/min). In wetting test, immersion speed was 5mm/sec., immersion time 5sec., immersion depth 4mm and temperature of solder bath was 250℃. Wettability of Sn-3.5Ag-0.7Cu on Cu, Cu/Sn (5㎛), Cu/Ni (5㎛), and Cu/Ni/Au (5㎛/500Å) layers was investigated. Cu/Ni/Au layer had the best wettability as zero cross time and equilibrium force, and the measured values were 0.93 sec and 7mN, respectively. Surface tension of Sn-3.5Ag-0.7Cu solder turmed out to be 0.52N/m. The thickness of IMC is reduced in the order of Cu, Cu/Sn, Cu/Mi and Cu/Ni/Au coated layer. Shear strength of Cu/Ni, Cu/Sn and Cu was around 560gf but Cu/Ni/Au was 370gf.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.783-788
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• 2002

Sn-Ag-Cu solder is known as most competitive in many kinds of Pb-free solders. In this study, effects of solderability with plated layers such as Cu, Cu/Sn, Cu/Ni and Cu/Ni/Au were investigated. Sn-3.5Ag-0.7Cu solder balls were reflowed in commercial reflow machine (peak temp.:$250^{\circ}C$and conveyer speed:0.6m/min). In wetting test, immersion speed was 5mm/sec., immersion time 5sec., immersion depth 4mm and temperature of solder bath was $250^{\circ}C$. Wettability of Sn-3.5Ag-0.7Cu on Cu, Cu/Sn ($5\mu\textrm{m}$), Cu/Ni ($5\mu\textrm{m}$), and Cu/Ni/Au ($5\mu\textrm{m}/500{\AA}$) layers was investigated. Cu/Ni/Au layer had the best wettability as zero cross time and equilibrium force, and the measured values were 0.93 sec and 7mN, respectively. Surface tension of Sn-3.5Ag-0.7Cu solder turmed out to be 0.52N/m. The thickness of IMC is reduced in the order of Cu, Cu/Sn, Cu/Mi and Cu/Ni/Au coated layer. Shear strength of Cu/Ni, Cu/Sn and Cu was around 560gf but Cu/Ni/Au was 370gf.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.138-145
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• 2020

Immersion tests of Alloy 600 were conducted in simulated primary water environments of a pressurized water reactor at 325 ℃ for 10, 100, and 1000 h to obtain insight into effects of surface deformation on internal and intergranular (IG) oxidation behavior through precise characterization using various microscopic equipment. Oxidized samples after immersion tests were covered with polyhedral and filamentous oxides. It was found that oxides were abundant in mechanically ground (MG) samples the most. The number density of surface oxides increased with time irrespective of the method of surface finish. IG oxidation occurred in mechanically polished (MP) and chemically polished (CP) samples with thin internal oxidation layers. However, IG oxidation was suppressed with relatively thick internal oxidation layers in MG samples compared to MP and CP samples, suggesting that MG treatment could increase resistance to primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) from the standpoint of IG oxidation. As a result, appropriate surface treatment for Alloy 600 could prevent oxygen diffusion into grain boundaries, inhibit IG oxidation, and finally induce its high PWSCC resistance.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.72-84
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• 2017

In this work, electrophoretic paint (E-paint) was deposited on AZ31 Mg alloy after four different surface pretreatments: knife abrading, SiC paper abrading, deionized (DI) water immersion and NaOH immersion. The deposition process of E-paint was studied by analyses of voltage-time and current-time curves, amount of deposited paint, current efficiency and surface oxide film resistance and the adhesion of E-paint was examined by tape test before and after immersion in DI water for 500 h at $40$^{\circ}C$. It was found that the induction time for the deposition, the amount of deposited paint and the current efficiency are inversely proportional to the resistances of surface films prepared by different surface pretreatment methods. The electrophoretic painting showed longer inductance time, larger amount of deposited paint and higher current efficiency on the highly conducting surfaces, such as knife-abraded and SiC-abraded surfaces than on the less conducting surfaces, such as DI water-immersed and NaOH-immersed samples. Excellent adhesion was observed on the E-paintings deposited onto knife-abraded and SiC-abraded AZ31 Mg alloy samplesSiC-abraded AZ31 Mg alloy samples.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2012년도 제38회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.411-413
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 핀 하중 시험을 통해 열습환경이 탄소섬유/에폭시 복합재료에 미치는 영향을 조사하고 음향방출법을 적용하여 핀 체결부의 파손거동을 분석하였다. 열습환경이 적용된 핀 체결부 시편은 base (침수전), RT (상온침수), HT ($75^{\circ}C$침수)의 세 가지의 조건으로 구분하였다. 결과에 의하면 RT의 경우 base에 비해 베어링강도의 저하정도가 적지만 수분과 온도가 동시에 적용된 열습환경에 노출된 HT의 경우 베어링강도의 저하정도가 크게 나타났다. 또한 음향방출법을 적용하여 누적히트수를 분석한 결과에 따르면 열습을 고려한 경우가 base에 비해 모재균열에 의한 이벤트가 감소하는 경향이 나타났다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.405-414
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• 2018

The present study investigated the adhesion and corrosion resistance of subsequent electrophoretic paint (E-paint) on "electroless" paint coated AZ31 Mg alloy, which was formed by immersion of AZ31 Mg alloy in E-painting solution. It was found that with increasing immersion time of AZ31 in E-painting solution, the amount of paint deposited by electroless process increased but it decreased the electrochemical equivalent of E-painting process and the adhesion of the subsequent E-paint layer. The E-paint on electroless paint coated AZ31 contained pores with the highest pore density and the largest pore size was obtained on the samples with electroless times of 2 and 5 minutes, respectively. Results of the salt-spray test showed an accelerated growth of blisters over the entire surface of the sample immersed for less than 5 minutes whereas blisters were observed only in the vicinity of the scratch in case of samples treated for 15 and 30 minutes. The E-paint on AZ31 with shorter electroless immersion time in E-painting solution was found to have good adhesion and better corrosion resistance.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.58-66
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• 2020

Since the typical horn-type ultrasonic equipment induces a reaction at the probe tip, the sonochemical reaction has a limitation that it occurs only in a specific area. As one of the ways to overcome this limitation, an ultrasonic device with multi-stepped horn equipped with several oscillators has been developed. The objective of this study was to investigate the sonochemical effects induced by acoustic cavitation system in 20 kHz multi-stepped ultrasonic horn using calorimetry, KI dosimetry and the luminol test. The sonochemical effects of multi-stepped ultrasonic horn were compared with that of the typical horn-type 20 kHz ultrasonic device. The effect of immersion depth and power on the sonochemical reaction was investigated in the ultrasonic system with multi-stepped ultrasonic horn. Higher calorimetric energy was obtained at higher immersion depth and power conditions. Sonochemical effects increased significantly when using the high immersion depth and input power. However, as the input power increased, the cavitation reaction zone concentrated around the ultrasonic horn. Additionally, the experiments to examine the effect of liquid temperature was conducted. The smaller sonochemical reaction was obtained for the higher liquid temperature. The effect on temperature seems to be closely related to liquid conditions such as viscosity and vapor pressure of water.