• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.243-249
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• 2017

An agar-degrading bacterium, designated as the GNUM08123 strain, was isolated from samples of red algae collected from the Yongil Bay near East Sea, Korea. The isolated GNUM08123 strain was gram-negative, aerobic, motile, and beige-pigmented, with $C_{16:0}$ (25.9%) and summed feature 3 (comprising $C_{16:1}{\omega}7c/iso-C_{15:0}2-OH$, 34.4%) as its major cellular fatty acids. A similarity search based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that it belonged to class Gammaproteobacteria and shared 97.7% similarity with the type strain Vibrio chagasii $R-3712^T$. The DNA G+C content of strain $GNUM08123^T$ was 46.9 mol%. The major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-8. The results of DNA-DNA relatedness and 16S rRNA sequence similarity analyses, in addition to its phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, suggest that strain GNUM08123 is a novel species within genus Vibrio, designated as Vibrio sp. GNUM08123. Agarase production by strain GNUM08123 was induced by agar and sucrose, but was repressed probably owing to carbon catabolite repression by glucose and maltose.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.61-63
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• 2016

Sclerotium rot disease on cowpea (Vigna sinensis King) was observed in the exhibition field of Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services in September 2015. Lesions were covered by white mycelial mats, and numerous sclerotia were formed on the stem near the soil line. The sclerotia were globoid in shape, 1~3 mm in size and white to brown in color. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and sclerotia formation on potato dextrose agar (PDA) was $30^{\circ}C$, with the hyphal width of $4{\sim}8{\mu}m$. For molecular identification, the complete internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA region of the causal fungus was sequenced and analyzed. Based on the mycological characteristics, ITS rDNA sequence analysis, and pathogenicity test, this fungus was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii. This is the first report of sclerotium rot on cowpea caused by S. rolfsii in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

Three fungal isolates, NNIBRFG108, 1139, and 1480, were isolated from freshwater environments; NNIBRFG108 from plant litter in Samcheok, Gangwon and NNIBRFG1139 and 1480 from the soil in Jeju & Gimcheon, Gyeongbuk, Korea. Based on the morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of internal tanscribed spacer (ITS), 28S rDNA region, and ${\beta}$-tubulin gene, NNIBRFG108, NNIBRFG1139, and NNIBRFG1480 isolates were confirmed as Didymella segeticola, D. ellipsoidea, and D. aeria, respectively. Neither species has previously been described in Korea.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2019

From 2016 to 2018, approximately 15% of kohlrabi were observed displaying significant clubroot symptoms in farmer's fields in Jeju, Korea. The initial infection appeared as hypertrophy of root hairs, and as the disease progressed, galls formation occurred on the main roots, finally disease progress resulted in yellowing and wilting of leaves. Pathogenicity was proven by artificial inoculation of plants with resting spore suspension, fulfilling Koch's postulates. The resting spore is one-celled, spherical and subspherical, colorless, and $3-5{\mu}m$ in diameter. On the basis of the morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer rDNA, the causal agent was identified as Plasmodiophora brassicae. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the occurrence of P. brassicae on kohlrabi in Korea.

• BMB Reports
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.227-238
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• 2019

GROWTH-REGULATING FACTORs (GRFs) are sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factors that regulate various aspects of plant growth and development. GRF proteins interact with a transcription cofactor, GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR (GIF), to form a functional transcriptional complex. For its activities, the GRF-GIF duo requires the SWITCH2/SUCROSE NONFERMENTING2 chromatin remodeling complex. One of the most conspicuous roles of the duo is conferring the meristematic potential on the proliferative and formative cells during organogenesis. GRF expression is post-transcriptionally down-regulated by microRNA396 (miR396), thus constructing the GRF-GIF-miR396 module and fine-tuning the duo's action. Since the last comprehensive review articles were published over three years ago, many studies have added further insight into its action and elucidated new biological roles. The current review highlights recent advances in our understanding of how the GRF-GIF-miR396 module regulates plant growth and development. In addition, I revise the previous view on the evolutionary origin of the GRF gene family.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2023

Spiraea prunifolia f. simpliciflora Nakai is a perennial shrub widely used for horticultural and medicinal purposes. We simultaneously obtained the complete plastid genome (plastome) and nuclear ribosomal gene transcription units, 45S nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) and 5S nrDNA of S. prunifolia f. simpliciflora, using Illumina short-read data. The plastome is 155,984 bp in length with a canonical quadripartite structure consisting of 84,417 bp of a large single-copy region, 18,887 bp of a short single-copy region, and 26,340 bp of two inverted repeat regions. Overall, a total of 113 genes (79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNAs, and four rRNAs) were annotated in the plastome. The 45S nrDNA transcription unit is 5,848 bp in length: 1,809 bp, 161 bp, and 3,397 bp for 18S, 5.8S, and 26S, respectively, and 261 bp and 220 bp for internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 and ITS 2 regions, respectively. The 5S nrDNA unit is 512 bp, including 121 bp of 5S rRNA and 391 bp of intergenic spacer regions. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the genus Spiraea was monophyletic and sister to the clade of Sibiraea angustata, Petrophytum caespitosum and Kelseya uniflora. Within the genus Spiraea, the sections Calospira and Spiraea were monophyletic, but the sect. Glomerati was nested within the sect. Chamaedryon. In the sect. Glomerati, S. prunifolia f. simpliciflora formed a subclade with S. media, and the subclade was sister to S. thunbergii and S. mongolica. The close relationship between S. prunifolia f. simpliciflora and S. media was also supported by the nrDNA phylogeny, indicating that the plastome and nrDNA sequences assembled in this study belong to the genus Spiraea. The newly reported complete plastome and nrDNA transcription unit sequences of S. prunifolia f. simpliciflora provide useful information for further phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of the genus Spiraea, as well as the family Rosaceae.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.319-324
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• 2000

Species boundaries among the Alcyonacean soft coral, the genus Dendronephthya, are often obscured by inter- and intraspecific morphological variations. In the present study, we attempted to infer the genetic relationships of eight dendronephthians based on their molecular characters, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA, and then compared this result together with the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) data from our previous investigation. Dendronephthya. putteri and D. suensoni formed a divaricate form - VI grade specific clade, whereas D. castanea, D. gigantea, D. aurea and D. spinifera, formed a umbellate and glomerate form - IV and III grade specific clade. Therefore, we confirmed that the main characters the growth form and the anthocodial grade and formula, are important in identification of the species in dendronephthians despite some problems. Also, the relationships of the growth form are clarified as the glomerate form is much closer to the umbellate form than to the divaricate form based on two sets of independent molecular data. However, we cannot determine the molecular markers which limit the species boundaries among this genus with ITS sequences.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.421-428
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• 2003

To develop the functional-compost containing antifungal substance by using antagonistic microorganisms, Spinacia oleracea L and Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn O-28 were used as a model plant and phytopathogen, respectively. Total 80 strains were isolated from the compost of various waste foods mixture processed for a year. Among them, No.15-2 strain was selected due to its highest antifungal activity against R. solani Kuhn O-28 and was identified phyno- and phylogenotypically as Burkholderia cepacia genomovar V. which is rare probability in pathogen, by 16S rDNA sequencing and specific primer pair PCR method. B. cepacia No.15-2 preferentially dominated during the compost and its cell numbers were maintained almost $${\times}$10^{13}$ cuf/g for 15 days. The morbidity caused by R. solani Kuhn O-28 in S. oleracea L cultivation was reduced to 40% by addition of B. cepacia No.15-2. In conclusion, the antifungal compost using B. cepacia No.15-2 could be applied to biocontrol of various crops blights caused by fungal pathogen.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.127-131
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• 2003

Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) found in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) catalyzes disulfide bond exchange and assists in protein folding of newly synthesized proteins. PDI also functions as a molecular chaperone and has been found to be associated with proteins in the ER. In addition, PDI functions as a subunit of two more complex enzyme systems: the prolyl-4-hydroxylase and the triacylglycerol transfer proteins. A cDNA that encodes protein disulfide isomerase was previously isolated from Bombyx mori (bPDI), in which open reading frame of 494 amino acids contained two PDI-typical thioredoxin active site of WCGHCK and an ER retention signal of the KDEL motif at its C-terminal, and we report its functional characterization here. This putative bPDI cDNA is expressed in insect Sf9 cells as a recombinant proteins using baculovirus expression vector system. The bPDI recombinant proteins are successfully recognized by antirat PDI antibody, and shown to be biologically active in vitro by mediating the oxidative refolding of reduced and scrambled RNase. This suggests that bPDI may play an important role in protein folding mechanism of insects.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.143-149
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• 2012

Armillaria spp are well known as a symbiotic fungus with Gastrodia elata. This study was carried out to identify and analyze the genetic relationships among 83 strains of Armillaria spp.. The amplified internal transcribed spacer(ITS) region of the rDNA was about 500~750 bp long and identified by 9 strains; A. mellea, A. tabescens, A. ostoyae, A. gallica, A. novae-zenlandia, A. cepistipes, A. nabsnona, A. gemina, A. sinapina. Sequence analysis showed that 52% of strains were different with original identification. A. gallica, A. cepistipes and A. gemina were so close phylogenetic relationship, that was difficult to classify using ITS region. In A. gallica, 12 strains including ASI10104 were showed a close phylogenetic relationship with A. gallica, A. cepistipes and A. gemina. ASI10017 and ASI10114 were classified as the A. sinapina group, ASI10045 was the A. borealis group, ASI10002 and ASI10025 were the A. ostoyae group. So more studies need for more accurate identification and determine the phylogenetic relationships of Armillaria spp.