• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.35-40
• /
• 2008

고농도 세포외 포도당이 치주인대세포의 integrin 발현과 cathepsin-B 및 -L의 발현에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위하여 사람 치주인대로부터 일차배양을 통해 얻은 치주인대세포를 1,000 mg/L 농도의 포도당이 포함된 배양액(대조군)과 4,500mg/L 농도의 포도당이 포함된 배양액(실험군)으로 나누어 24시간과 48시간 배양하였다. 그 후, RT-PCR을 통하여 integrin, cathepsin-B 및 -L의 발현을 평가하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 대조군에 비해 실험군에서 ${\alpha}5$ intergrin 발현이 증가하였다. 2. Cathepsin-B는 24시간 배양 실험군에서 발현이 증가하였으나, 48시간 배양후에는 발현이 감소하였다. 3. Cathepsin-L은 24시간과 48시간 배양군 모두에서 대조군에 비해 실험군에서 발현이 감소하였다. 이상의 결과로 보아, 고농도 포도당 조건은 치주인대세포의 integrin 발현을 증가시키며, 이는 세포활성에 영향을 미쳐 치주조직의 재생을 지연시킬 것으로 추측된다. 또한, 이 과정은 cathepsin 발현의 감소로 인해 촉진될 것으로 생각된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.69-80
• /
• 1995

Renal proximal tubular hypertrophy and hyperfunction are known to be early manifestations of experimental and human diabetes. As the hypertrophy and hyperfunction have been suggested to be central components in the progression to renal failure, an understanding of their underlying causes is potentially important for the development of therapy. A primary rabbit kidney proximal tubule cell culture system was utilized to evaluate the possibility that the renal proximal tubular hypertrophy and hyperfunction observed in vivo in diabetes mellitus, can be attributed to effects of elevated glucose levels on membrane transport systems. Primary cultures of rabbit proximal tubules, which achieved confluence at 10 days, exhibited brush-border characteristics typical of proximal tubular cells. Northern analysis indicated $2.2{\sim}2.3$ and 2.0 kb Na/glucose cotransporter RNA species appeared in fresh and cultured proximal tubule cells after confluence, repectively. The cultured cells showed reduced Na/glucose cotransporter activity compared to fresh proximal tubules. Primary cultured proximal tubule cells incubated in medium containing 20 mM glucose have reduced ${\alpha}-MG$ transport compared to cells grown in 5 mM glucose. In the proximal tubule cultures incubated in medium containing 5 mM or 20 mM glucose, phlorizin at 0.5 mM inhibited 0.5 mM ${\alpha}-MG$ uptake by 84.35% or 91.85%, respectively. The uptake of 0.5 mM ${\alpha}-MG$ was similarly inhibited by 0.1 mM ouabain (41.97% or 48.03% inhibition was observed, respectively). In addition, ${\alpha}-MG$ uptake was inhibited to a greater extent when $Na^{+}$ was omitted from the uptake buffer (81.86% or 86.73% inhibition was observed, respectively). In cell homogenates derived from the primary cells grown in 5 mM glucose medium, the specific activity of the Na/K-ATPase $(6.17{\pm}1.27\;{\mu}mole\;Pi/mg\;protein/hr)$ was 1.56 fold lower than the values in cell homogenates treated with 360 mg/dl D-glucose, 20 mM $(9.67{\pm}1.22\;{\mu}mole\;Pi/mg\;protein/hr)$. Total $Rb^{+}$ uptake occurred at a significantly higher rate (1.60 fold increase) in primary cultured rabbit kidney proximal tubule cell monolayers incubated in 20 mM glucose medium $(10.48{\pm}2.45\;nM/mg\;protein/min)$ as compared with parallel cultures in 5 mM glucose medium. $Rb^{+}$ uptake rate in 5 mM glucose medium was reduced by 28% when the cultures were incubated with 1 mM ouabain. The increase of the $Rb^{+}$ uptake by rabbit kidney proximal tubule cells in 20 mM glucose could be attributed primarily to an increase in the rate of ouabain-sensitive $Rb^{+}$ uptake $(5\;mM\;to\;20\;mM;\;4.68{\pm}0.85\;to\;8.38{\pm}1.37\;nM/mg\;protein/min)$. In conclusion, the activity of the renal proximal tubular Na,K-ATPase is elevated in high glucose concentration. In contrast, the activity of the Nafglucose cotransport system is inhibited.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제51권6호
• /
• pp.511-520
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of increased levels of eugenol, thymol and malate on pH and the concentrations of VFA, lactate and ammonia-N during in vitro ruminal incubation. One Hanwoo beef steer (741 kg) fitted with a rumen cannula was used and fed 0.5 kg/day rice straw and 10 kg/day corn-based concentrate (ratio of concentrate to rice straw = 95 : 5 on DM basis). Three different doses of thymol, eugenol and malate were used. Treatments of the experiment were as follows: Treatments of thymol were control (1g D-glucose/40ml), T1 (1g D-glucose + 40 mg thymol/40 ml), T2 (1g D-glucose + 50 mg thymol/40 ml) and T3 (1g D-glucose + 60 mg thymol/40 ml). Treatments of eugenol were control (1g D-glucose/40 ml), E1 (1g D-glucose + 55 mg eugenol/40 ml), E2 (1g D-glucose + 65 mg eugenol/40 ml) and E3 (1g D-glucose + 75 mg eugenol/40 ml). Treatments of malate were control (1g D-glucose/40ml), M1 (1g D-glucose + 25 mg malate/40ml), M2 (1g D-glucose + 50 mg malate/40 ml) and M3 (1g D-glucose + 100 mg malate/40 ml). The results of this study showed that eugenol and thymol have improved stability of the ruminal fermentation by decreasing lactic acid concentration and increasing ruminal pH. However, it inhibited the production of total VFA, acetate and propionate. Malate also improved stability of the ruminal fermentation by decreasing lactic acid concentration and increasing ruminal pH, but it had a very little effect on ruminal lactate concentrations and pH. On the other hand, malate did not decrease the concentrations of total VFA, acetate and propionate. Therefore, at the low ruminal pH expected in high-concentrate diets, thymol, eugenol, and malate are potentially useful in Hanwoo finishing diets. Further studies are necessary for determining the effectiveness of these additives on in vivo rumen fermentation and animal performance in Hanwoo finishing steers.

• 산업기술연구
• /
• 제3권
• /
• pp.33-38
• /
• 1983

The effect of various environmental conditions on the growth kinetics of Zymomonas mobilis were studied and the kinetic parameters were evaluated. The value of ${\mu}m$ was $0.45hr^{-1}$ and Ks was 0.23 g/L. Inhibition of growth at high glucose concentration was found to follow the threshold substrate inhibition. Threshold substrate concentration was 102 g/L and substrate inhibition constant was 196 g/L. The effects of yeast extract concentrations were found to follow the Monod equation. ${\mu}m$ value was $0.45hr^{-1}$ and Ks was 0.3 g/L at 20 g/L of glucose and $0.24hr^{-1}$ and 0.24 g/L respectively at 200 g/L of glucose. The optimum temperature was found to be $35^{\circ}C$ and the activation energy of growth was 7.7 Kcal/mole below $35^{\circ}C$ and -29 Kcal/mole above $35^{\circ}C$.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.466-476
• /
• 1998

We investigated the in vivo effect of an aqueous extract (referred to as EF) from Eriobotryae folium on glucokinase and hexokinase activities of diabetes mellitus induced by $interleukin-1{\beta}\;(IL-1{\beta})$. After 1 week of $IL-1{\beta}$ injection, the levels of serum glucose concentration and insulin secretion were dramatically increased. However, the insulin secretion was decreased with administration of EF. The level of glucose concentration was decreased by EF administration. Furthermore, it was observed that EF was effective in recovering the levels of insulin secretion. Enzyme activities of the glucokinase and hexokinase, which are key enzymes of glucose phosphorylastion, were decreased by $IL-1{\beta}$. EF administration to the mice allowed proportional increasing by stimulation of induction of enzyme activities as high as normal group. These results suggested that EF is highly effective in treatment of diabetes mellitus induce by $IL-1{\beta}$.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.126-130
• /
• 2011

To investigate the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipemic effect of 80% ethanol extract of Schizandra Chinensis fruit, we induced diabetes in the rats with streptozotocin (STZ) and administered schizandra extract or Acarbose to diabetic rats for 21 days by oral administration. Consequently, the groups treated using schizandra extract decreased blood glucose levels more 39% than no treatment group and the case of Acarbose group was decreased it about 21%. The concentration of cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-C in blood was also decreased while treating schizandra extract, on the other hand, HDL-C concentration was significantly increased it about 26%. Those results induced that anti-atherogenic index (AAI) in blood was improved more than 82% level like normal condition, especially in treatment of schizandra extract 100 mg. The lipid profiled in feces was likewise showed apparent tendency to decrease and food efficiency ratio of diabetic rats was became higher for treatment with schizandra extract, but Acarbose group had low efficiency in compared with the result of glucose level and lipid profile in blood. As a result, schizandra extract is regard a good medicine for diabetes due to improve physical constitution, blood glucose and lipid level caused hyperglycemia and suggest that schizandra extract has real effects on the diabetes complication as atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, high blood pressure.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.307-310
• /
• 2002

교반속도가 증가함에 따라, 비성장속도가 증가하여 P. putida가 호기적 조건에서 더 잘 성장함을 알 수 있었다. pH를 조절하지 않았을 경우와 달리 암모니아 수용액을 이용하여 pH를 5.0, 7.0으로 조절했을 때, 포도당의 소모량이 증가 할 뿐 아니라 비성장 속도가 증가하였다($\mu$=0.27 --> 0.42). 포도당만을 공급할 것이 아니라 yeast extract와 같은 유기 질소원 다른 기질도 같이 공급함으로써, 보다 많은 균체량을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.117-122
• /
• 2005

Beijerinckia indica를 통한 Heteropolysaccharide-7(PS-7)생산 최적화를 위해 다양한 탄소원과 질소원을 첨가하여 다른 배지 조성들이 PS-7에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 높은 C/N ratio에서 PS-7 생산을 배양 40시간까지 효과적으로 증가시킬 수 있었으며 낮은 C/N ratio에선 탄소원으로 첨가한 glucose가 균체의 생산에 사용되었을뿐 PS-7의 생산은 낮았다. 하지만, 높은 C/N ratio에서는 배양액의 점도로 균체의 생산이 정체하는 것으로 보아 본 실험에서는 20g/l glucose와 $NH_{4}NO_3$ 7.5 mM으로 33.3의 C/N ratio가 PS-7 생산에 적절한 비율인 것으로 관찰되었다. 다양한 탄소원을 첨가한 결과, B. indica는 PS-7 생산을 위하여 탄소원으로 hexose 또는 glucose-generating 당을 효율적으로 이용할 수 있었다. Beijerinckia indica를 이용한 PS-7 생산을 위해 첨가한 다양한 탄소원 중 sucrose 농도가 최고의 PS-7(6.96 g/L)을 생산 하였다. 51 배양기를 이용한 배양에서 탄소원 20 g/L glucose, 질소원 7.5 mM $NH_{4}NO_3$이 포함된 MSM 배지내 배양된 B. indica의 세포 농도가 최고 2.5 g/L이였고, 생산된 최고 PS-7농도는 7.5 g/L(35174 cp)으로 나타났다. 질소원이 완전히 소모된 12시간 이후, 7.5 mM의 $NH_{4}NO_3$, glutamine, glutamate을 첨가한 MSM 배지에서의 B. indica 배앙 결과, 질소원이 B. indica 내에서 탄소원 대사를 조절하는 역할을 하는 것을 관찰할 수 있었으며 최종적으로 PS-7의 생산을 조절할 수 있었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제4권4호
• /
• pp.236-240
• /
• 1999

The characteristics of natural lactic acid fermentation of radish juice were investigated at different salt concentrations (0~2%) and temperatures (10~3$0^{\circ}C$). Major lactic acid bacteria isolated from the radish juice fermented at 2% slat concentration were Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus brevis. The percentage of lactic acid bacteria against total microbe in the fermented radish juice was over 80% at 0~1% salt concentrations, suggesting the possibility of fermentation even at low salt concentration, but was still active even at 1$0^{\circ}C$. The time to reach pH 4.0 during fermentation of juice of 1% salt concentration was 281~301 hrs at 1$0^{\circ}C$ and 50-73 hrs at 3$0^{\circ}C$. The concentrations of sucrose and glucose in the fermented juice were low at high temperatures and were the lowest at a 1.0% salt concentration. However, the content of mannitol showed the opposite trend. Although sour taste, ripened taste, and acidic odor of the fermented juice showed no significant differences among various temperatures and salt concentrations, sensory values of ripened taste and sour acidic were high at high temperatures. The overall quality was the best at 1.0% salt concentration, irrespective of the temperature.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.401-407
• /
• 2005

본 연구는 C. beijerinckii KCTC 1785의 배양배지(RCM)에서 수소생산을 위한 최적화 조건을 탐색하고 수소생산을 위한 배지성분을 최적화하였다. 수소생산을 위한 최적 초기 pH와 발효온도는 각각 7.0과 $35^{\circ}C$이었고, 교반은 수소생산을 가속화 시켰다. C. beijerinckii KCTC 1785는 6%(w/v)의 glucose 농도까지 성장할 수 있지만 4%의 glucose 농도에서 가장 많은 수소를 생산하였으며, 이 때 바이오가스 중 수소 함량은 37%(v/v)이었다. 그러나 배지내 잔여 glucose 양을 고려할 때 수소생산을 위한 최적 glucose 농도는 1%이었다. 발효가 진행되는 동안 수소가 생산됨과 동시에 acetic acid와 butyric acid가 동시에 생성되었으며, acetic acid와 butyric acid가 각각 5,000 mg/L과 3,000 mg/L 이상의 농도에서 수소생산을 저해하였다. 또한 발효조의 pH를 5.5로 계속 유지하였을 경우 15시간 동안 0.5% glucose로부터 1,728 mL의 수소를 생산하였으며 이 때 수소의 생산수율은 1.23 mol $H_2/mol$ glucose이었다. C. beijerinckii KCTC 1785의 성장에 있어서 yeast extract 또는 tryptose는 반드시 필요한 배지의 성분이었다.