• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.605-610
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• 2003

According to the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, leukemia is a malignant disease (cancer) that originates in a cell in the marrow. It is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of developing marrow cells. There are two major classifications of leukemia: myelogenous or lymphocytic, which can each be acute or chronic. The terms myelogenous or lymphocytic denote the cell type involved. Thus, four major types of leukemia are: acute or chronic myelogenous leukemia and acute or chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma are considered to be related cancers because they involve the uncontrolled growth of cells with similar functions and origins. The diseases result from an acquired (not inherited) genetic injury to the DNA of a single cell, which becomes abnormal (malignant) and multiplies continuously. In the United States, about 2,000 children and 27,000 adults are diagnosed each year with leukemia. Treatment for cancer may include one or more of the following: chemotherapy, radiation therapy, biological therapy, surgery and bone marrow transplantation. The most effective treatment for leukemia is chemotherapy, which may involve one or a combination of anticancer drugs that destroy cancer cells. Specific types of leukemia are sometimes treated with radiation therapy or biological therapy. Common side effects of most chemotherapy drugs include hair loss, nausea and vomiting, decreased blood counts and infections. Each type of leukemia is sensitive to different combinations of chemotherapy. Medications and length of treatment vary from person to person. Treatment time is usually from one to two years. During this time, your care is managed on an outpatient basis at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center or through your local doctor. Once your protocol is determined, you will receive more specific information about the drug(s) that Will be used to treat your leukemia. There are many factors that will determine the course of treatment, including age, general health, the specific type of leukemia, and also whether there has been previous treatment. there is considerable interest among basic and clinical researchers in novel drugs with activity against leukemia. the vast history of experience of traditional oriental medicine with medicinal plants may facilitate the identification of novel anti leukemic compounds. In the present investigation, we studied 31 kinds of anti leukemic medicinal plants, which its pharmacological action was already reported through many experimental articles and oriental medical book: 『pharmacological action and application of anticancer traditional chinese medicine』 In summary: Used leukemia cellline are HL60, HL-60, Jurkat, Molt-4 of human, and P388, L-1210, L615, L-210, EL-4 of mouse. 31 kinds of anti leukemic medicinal plants are Panax ginseng C.A Mey; Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc; Daphne genkwa Sieb. et Zucc; Aloe ferox Mill; Phorboc diester; Tripterygium wilfordii Hook .f.; Lycoris radiata (L Her)Herb; Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz; Lilium brownii F.E. Brown Var; Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.; Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels; Asparagus cochinensis (Lour. )Merr; Isatis tinctoria L.; Leonurus heterophyllus Sweet; Phytolacca acinosa Roxb.; Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim; Dioscorea opposita Thumb; Schisandra chinensis (Rurcz. )Baill.; Auium Sativum L; Isatis tinctoria, L; Ligustisum Chvanxiong Hort; Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch; Euphorbia Kansui Liou; Polygala tenuifolia Willd; Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth; Chelidonium majus L; Rumax madaeo Mak; Sophora Subprostmousea Chunet T.ehen; Strychnos mux-vomical; Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr.et Maxim.)Harms; Rubia cordifolia L. Anti leukemic compounds, which were isolated from medicinal plants are ginsenoside Ro, ginsenoside Rh2, Emodin, Yuanhuacine, Aleemodin, phorbocdiester, Triptolide, Homolycorine, Atractylol, Colchicnamile, Paeonol, Aspargus polysaccharide A.B.C.D, Indirubin, Leonunrine, Acinosohic acid, Trichosanthin, Ge 132, Schizandrin, allicin, Indirubin, cmdiumlactone chuanxiongol, 18A glycyrrhetic acid, Kansuiphorin A 13 oxyingenol Kansuiphorin B. These investigation suggest that it may be very useful for developing more effective anti leukemic new dregs from medicinal plants.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.161-167
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• 2015

Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] grows well in harsh environmental conditions, and is cultivated as one of the top seven food crops in the world. Recently, sweetpotato is drawing interest from people as a healthy food because it is high in dietary fiber, vitamins, carotenoids and overall nutrition value. However, few studies have been conducted on sweetpotato genome sequencing in spite of its importance. This review is aimed at increasing the efficiency of sweetpotato genome sequencing research as well as establishing a base for gene utilization in order to control useful traits. Recently, animal and plant genome sequencing projects increased significantly. However, sweetpotato genome sequencing has not been performed due to polyploidy and heterogeneity problems in its genome. Meanwhile research on its transcriptome has been conducted actively. Recently, a draft of the diploid sweetpotato genome was reported in 2015 by Japanese researchers. In addition, the Korea-China-Japan Trilateral Research Association of Sweetpotato (TRAS) has conducted research on gene map construction and genome sequencing of the hexaploid sweetpotato Xushu 18 since 2014. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation launched the 'sweetpotato genomic sequencing to develop genomic tools for Sub-Sahara Africa breeding program'. The chloroplast genome sequence acquired during sweetpotato genome sequencing is used in evolutionary analyses. In this review, the trend of research in the sweetpotato genome sequencing was analyzed. Research trend analysis like this will provide researchers working toward sweetpotato productivity and nutrient improvement with information on the status of sweetpotato genome research. This will contribute to solving world food, energy and environmental problems.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.96-106
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• 2014

The primary objective of the present study is the characterization of the somatic hybrids of dikaryon-monokaryon (di-mono) crosses in mushroom breeding. We employed this technique for developing superior strains from Pleurotus ostreatus strains with 48 intraspecific hybrids of 12 combinations between six P. ostreatus strains and one P. florida strain. The results on the experiments of hybridization rate, nuclear DNA patterns, and colors and morphology of fruit-bodies, are presented. In di-mono crosses, somatic hybrids among Pleurotus strains showed 100% of crossability as seen in those between P. ostreatus and P. florida strains indicating that the nuclei of a dikaryon is inferred to be migrated to a recipient. 87.5% of the somatic hybrids among Pleurotus strains were similar to the donor dikaryons, and 12.5% of the somatic hybrids presented DNA patterns of both parents. In 16.6% of di-mono crosses between P. ostreatus and P. florida, the nuclear DNA patterns of all hybrids showed the same or similar patterns compared to the donor dikaryons. 70.9% of the hybrids between P. ostreatus and P. ostreatus were similar to the donor dikaryons and 12.5% of them presented the DNA patterns of both parents. 79.2% of fruiting body morphology of the hybrids among Pleurotus strains were similar to the dikaryons and 20.8% of them were similar to both parents. Interestingly, the morphology of all dikaryons were dissimilar each other. All hybrid strains between dikaryon P. florida and monokaryon P. ostreatus showed the fruiting body of which colors were similar to those of the dikaryon, while the hybrids between dikaryon P. ostreatus and monokaryon P. florida were showed the combined colors of both parents. Therefore, the fruiting body color of P. florida tends to be generally dominant. In conclusion, the present study provides a way to find out and suggest superior hybrid strains using the nuclear DNA patterns of hybrids between Pleurotus strains as well as the characteristics of their fruiting bodies. The advantages of the di-mono crossing are needs to be fully utilized in mushroom breeding because it is an ideal way to develop the superior strains of Pleurotus.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.634-641
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• 2012

It was reported that the novel compounds (LP9M80-H) of $Liriope$ $platyphylla$ regulate glucose transporter (Glut) biosynthesis by activating the insulin-signaling pathway in the liver and brain of ICR mice. To investigate the therapeutic effects of LP9M80-H on the pathology of diabetes and obesity, alterations of key factors related to symptoms were analyzed in the Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats treated with LP9M80-H for 2 weeks. The abdominal fat masses in the LP9M80-H-treated group were lower than the vehicle-treated group, although there was no difference in body weight between the two groups. Additionally, when compared to the vehicle-treated group, LP9M80-H treatment induced a significant decrease in glucose levels and an increase in the insulin concentration in the blood of OLETF rats. A high level of insulin protein was also detected in pancreatic ${\beta}$ cells of LP9M80-H-treated OLETF rats. A significant reduction in the concentration of lipids and adiponectin was detected only in LP9M80-H-treated OLETF rats. Furthermore, the expression of insulin receptor ${\beta}$ and the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) was dramatically decreased in LP9M80-H-treated OLETF rats compared to the vehicle-treated group. Of the glucose transporters located downstream of the insulin-signaling pathway, glucose transporters (Glut) -2 and -3 were significantly decreased in LP9M80-H-treated OLETF rats, while the level of Glut-4 was maintained under all conditions. Therefore, these results suggest that LP9M80-H may contribute to relieving symptoms of diabetes and obesity through glucose homeostasis and regulation of lipid concentration.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.229-238
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen fertilization amount and timing of application on protein content, dough properties, change in protein fraction, and bread loaf volume for Korean wheat cultivars, Baekkang, Joongmo2008, and Saekeumkang, for bread with a superior gluten composition during the grain filling stage. Protein content increased with an increase in the amount of N and timing of application. The SDS segmentation volume (SDSS) increased with an increase in N, but there was no effect of the timing of N application on SDSS. An increase in N amount and timing of application caused a difference in dough properties, such as water absorption, mixing time, and tolerance, among the cultivars. Soluble and insoluble polymeric and monomeric protein contents increased with an increase in N amount and timing of application the three Korean wheat cultivars. The effects of N amount and application timing on bread loaf volume (BLV) varied among the cultivars. The BLV of Saekeumkang increased regardless of the N amount and timing of application, but that of Baekkang and Joongmo2008 cultivars was reduced. However, there was a positive correlation between protein content with the addition of N fertilization and BLV. In addition, SDSS, mixing time, and protein fractions were positively correlated with BLV. Since the response of fertilizer conditions was different for each wheat cultivar, it is necessary to build a suitable fertilizing system for each of them. Additionally, since the environment is changing, such as abnormal climate during the maturing period, research is needed to establish appropriate fertilizer conditions for varieties of bread wheat.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.39 no.1 s.176
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• pp.83-93
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• 2006

The Kita-Yamato Trough is characterized by a SW-NE trending narrow graben between the Yamato Bank and the Kita-Yamato Bank in the central East Sea/Japan Sea (ES/JS). Core 20EEZ-1 was obtained in the flat summit of a small ridge from the southwest Kita-Yamato Trough. The sedimentation was mainly controlled by the supply of hemipelgic sediments and substantial tephras from explosive volcanic eruptions of the Quaternary volcanoes. The aim of this study is to reconstruct the tephrostratigraphy from the marine sediments collected from the Kita-Yamato Trough and to provide the atmosphere and ocean conditions during the explosive volcanic eruptions. According to the detailed tephrostratigraphy and lithofacies records, the core sediments were deposited during the last marine isotope stage (MIS) 7. The core consists of four lithofacies, idetified as, oxidized mud (OM), crudely laminated mud (CLM) and bioturbated mud (BM), interbedded with coarse-grained tephra (TP). The major element geochemistry and stratigraphic positions of seven tephra layers suggest that they originated from the Aira caldera in Kyushu area among the Japanese islands (AT tephra; 29.24 ka), unknown submarine volcano in the south Korea Plateau (SKP-I; MIS 3, SKP-II; MIS 4, SKP-IV; boundary between MIS 6 and MIS 5e, SKP-V; MIS 6, respectively), and the Baegdusan volcano in the Korean Peninsula (B-KY1; ca. 130 ka, B-KY2; ca. 196 ka). The absence of tephras originated trom Ulleung Island in core 20EEZ-l suggest that the tephras had not been transported into the Kita-Yamato Trough by atmosphere conditions during the eruptions. On the other hand, the B-KYI and the B-KY2 tephras derived from the Baegdusan volcano were founded in the Kita-Yamato Trough by a presence of prevailing westerly winds during the eruptions. Furthermore, the SKP tephras were characterized by the transport across the air-water interface, causing quickly thrust of raising eruption plumes from subaqueous explosive eruptions. Surface currents may play an important role in controlling the distribution patterns of the SKP tephras to distal areas. The tephrostratigraphic study in the Kita-Yamato Trough provides the important chronostratigraphic marker horizons and the detailed atmosphere and ocean conditions during the explosive eruptions.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2007

This study was carried out to classify the streams at rural watersheds by characteristics of water quality. The water quality data of 319 steams at rural watersheds in Korea were selected. Multivariate analysis was used for this purpose. The cases were divided into 5 types, and then factor analysis and cluster analysis were done. The characteristics of water quality of rural watersheds can be showed more than 40% of total water quality by first factor(organic matters and nutrients). The cluster analysis of extracted factors using factor analysis was carried out. The results showed that the Case 1 and Case 2 were classified 4 communities, Case 3 was classified 5 communities and Case 4 and 5 were classified 3 communities. Among 5 types cases, to classified the steams of rural watersheds, Case 4 - 7 water quality items - was selected as a desirable case. Many kinds of statistical analysis can be used to classify the streams of rural watersheds. Our results showed a good example to evaluate the water quality properties in Korean rural watershed.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.703-710
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• 2010

In this study, a tactile stimulator was developed to resolve some problems from the previous version of the system such as system configuration, inappropriate stimulation control and additional problems. The developed tactile stimulator consists of control unit, drive unit and vibrator unit. The control unit was controlled by E-Prime software to generate appropriate vibration pulses. The drive unit supplies enough energy to the vibrator to generate effective stimulation pulses. The vibrator unit consists of small coin type vibrator and velcro, and was made to be attached at the hand easily. The developed tactile stimulator was designed by small-size, light-weight, low-power, simple-fabrication, max 35 channels and little delay time from instruction signal of E-Prime software to vibrator. The duration and magnitude of stimulation was controlled by 10 grades and the problems concerning stimulation control were compensated by wideband frequency ranges. Additionally, the electrical safety was ensured by low voltage operation. Vibrator was made to be attached on finger as well as on any part of the subject. Since this tactile stimulator is developed based on E-Prime software which is widely used in cognitive science, it is believed that this stimulator be suitable for the wide application of cognitive science study.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.248-252
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• 2003

This study was carried out to evaluate potential of Shiranuhi cultivar against inoculation of causal pathogen of citrus canker, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri in Jeju Island by comparing degree of susceptibility of fruits and leaves/twigs, and analysis of incidence of canker disease. Progression of symptom, disease incidence, and percent area of lesion were surveyed for evaluation of resistance. In greenhouse condition, symptoms of bacterial citrus canker progressed more rapidly in sweet orange, a moderately susceptible cultivar, than in other four cultivars (satsuma mandarin, 'Kiyomi', 'Shiranuhi' and 'Yuzu'). At 20 days after inoculation, disease severity was the highest in sweet orange (5.0$\pm$0.0), and all tested leaves were distorted or had dropped. On the other hand, 'Yuzu' showed the lowest disease severity (2.6$\pm$0.47), followed by 'Kiyomi' (4.0$\pm$0.0), 'Shiranuhi' (4.0$\pm$0.82), and satsuma mandarin (4.3$\pm$0.47). Percent area of lesion per leaf 30 days after inoculation was the highest in sweet orange (8.31$\pm$1.78), followed by satsuma mandarin (1.51$\pm$1.25), 'Shiranuhi' (1.39$\pm$0.94), and 'Kiyomi' (1.1$\pm$0.9), while the lowest was in 'Yuzu' (0.26$\pm$0.17). Infield condition, percentage of diseased leaf in 'Shiranuhi' was very low, 5.2$\pm$2.9, compared with sweet orange, 71.0$\pm$ 11.5, while that of satsuma mandarin and 'Kiyomi' were 6.9$\pm$7.0 and 4.3$\pm$2.0, respectively. Percentages of diseased leaf was higher (17.4$\pm$7.1) than that of diseased fruit (3.2$\pm$2.5) in severely diseased trees of Shiranuhi cultivar, and the disease was not observed on twig in open field condition. Lesion sizes on leaves and fruits in open field condition were 4.1$\pm$2.2 mm2 and 5.1$\pm$5.6 mm2, respectively, while those in greenhouse condition were 8.7$\pm$5.7 mm2, 10.4$\pm$9.2 mm2 and 5.6$\pm$2.6 mm2 on leaves, fruits and twigs, respectively. The disease was observed in 5.6% out of total 107 farmers Shiranuhi fields under polyethylene film house, and average percentages of diseased tree in 31 fields of Shiranuhi cultivar and adjacent satsuma mandarin fields were 0.02% and 14.8%, respectively. Average percentage of diseased fruit was 1.6% in satsuma mandarin which was not observed in anyone of all the 31 Shiranuhi farmers fields. Therefore, it was concluded that 'Shiranuhi' cultivar is not potential against causal pathogen of citrus canker disease in Jeju Island because the cultivar has similar resistance as satsuma mandarin which occupies over 95% of total 25,000 ha in Jeju Island in polyethylene film houses protected from outside.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.901-916
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• 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate natural plant extracts for methane gas reduction in ruminants. Rumen fluid was collected from cannulated Hanwoo cow ($450{\pm}30kg$) consuming 400 g/kg concentrate and 600 g/kg timothy. The 15 ml of mixture comparing McDougall's buffer and rumen fluid in the ratio 2 to 1, was dispensed anaerobically into 50 ml serum bottles. Rumen fluid contents were collected and in vitro fermentation prepared control (timothy, 300 mg), ginseng, balloon flower, yucca plant, camellia, tea plant and ogapi extracts were added at the level of 5% against 300 mg of timothy as a substrate (v/w) and incubated for 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. In vitro pH values range 6.55~7.41, this range include rumen titration. The dry matter digestibility was not differ between all treatments and control. Total gas emission was significantly higher (p<0.05) in ginseng and balloon flower treatments on 24 h than in control. Carbon dioxide emission was not differ all treatments on 9 h than in control and significantly higher (p<0.05) yucca plant, camellia and tea plant treatments on 12 h than control. Methane emission was not differ all treatments on 6 h than in control. The rumen microbial growth rate was significantly higher (p<0.05) in ginseng, balloon flower on 12 h and significantly higher (p<0.05) in ginseng, yucca plant, tea plant and ogapi treatments on 24 h than in control. Total VFA was significantly higher (p<0.05) in tea plant and ogapi treatments on 12 h than in control and significantly higher (p<0.05) in ginseng, balloon flower treatments on 48 h than in control. Acetic acid was significantly lower (p<0.05) in ginseng and balloon flower treatments on 24 h than in control. Propionic acid was significantly higher (p<0.05) in ginseng and balloon flower treatments on 48 h than in control. As a results, sixth natural plant extracts had no significant effect dry matter digestibility and negative on rumen fermentation, but not effect methane reduction.