• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.278-290
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the hangover relieving effect of HO-series. HO-S1 is an herbal mixture, which consists of extracts from Flower of Pueraria lobata Ohwi, Glycyrrhiza glabra Linné, Fruit of Lycium chinense Miller, Poria cocos Wolf, Acanthopanax sessiliflorum Seeman, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Atractylodes lancea De Candlle and Zingiber officinale Roscoe. HO-S2 is a candidate that has been performed to ultra filtration based on HO-S1. HO-S3 is a mixture of amino acids and vitamins based on HO-S2. HO-01 is the final beverage base produced based on HO-S3. The antioxidant activity of HO-series was similar to that of vitamin C or trolox. The production of t-BHP induced reactive oxygen species(ROS) was significantly blocked in the presence of HO-series. In vivo study, AUC of alcohol and acetaldehyde concentrations in HO-S2 and HO-S3 treated groups significantly decreased. Hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH) activity were significantly higher in HO-S2 and HO-S3 treated groups. And 2E1 activity and glutathione were significantly elevated, while the malondialdehyde level was not significantly in liver tissue. After alcohol exposure, the sensitivity scores of blood alcohol and acetaldehyde concentration and hangover symptoms were significantly decreased in the HO-01 intake group compared with the non-intake group. ALDH activity was significantly increased in the HO-01 intake group. HO-series have antioxidant activity and a protective effect from ROS. HO-S2, HO-S3 and HO-01 are potentially highly beneficial in relieving hangover, as it scavenges reactive free radicals and boosts the endogenous antioxidant system.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 1975

Polygonum cuspidatum $S_{IEB}$. et $Z_{UCC}$. ('Ho-Jang'), P. sachalinense $F_R$. $S_{CHM}$. ('Wang Ho-Jang') and P. ellipticum $M_{IGO} ('Dung Geun Ib Ho-Jang') are the three species growing in Korea. Their rhizomes can be classified into two types: horizontal rhizome type ('Ho-Jang') and erect type ('Wang Ho-Jang' and 'Dung Geun Ib Ho-Jang'). The most of 'Ho-Jang' on Korean markets are the rhizome of 'Wang Ho-Jang' and only limited quantity of the rhizome of 'Ho-Jang' is used. 'Dung Geun Ib Ho-Jang' is a species transplanted from the China continent and is not collected for medicinal use. It is suggested that the name 'Ho-Jang Geun' (Reynoutriae Radix) should be corrected to 'Ho-Jang' (Reynoutriae Rhizoma=Polygoni Rhizoma).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.486-493
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• 2011

Nitric oxide (NO) donors are a potent inducer of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). However, it is unclear whether or not HO-1 expression induced by NO donors is a direct consequence of NO released by NO donors. Here, we investigated the effects of NO donors on the expression of HO-1 in primary rat articular chondrocytes. NO donors (SIN-1, SNAP, and SNP) significantly induced the accumulation of HO-1 protein accompanied by an increase in HO-1 mRNA. NO donor-induced HO-1 expression exerted cytoprotection against NO and/or superoxide-induced cell death. Guanylate cyclase signaling was not associated with Nrf2 and HO-1 expression in NO donor-treated chondrocytes. Interestingly, NO scavenger carboxy-PTIO and SOD mimetic TEMPOL markedly inhibited NO donor-induced HO-1 expression in chondrocytes. In addition, NO donor-induced HO-1 expression was completely abrogated by the peroxynitrite scavenger MnTBAP. Since peroxynitrite can be physiologcally formed in the cell through reaction of NO with superoxide, we analyzed whether or not peroxynitrite could directly induce HO-1 expression in chondrocytes. Peroxynitrite treatment in chondrocytes evoked doseand time-dependent Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. These results indicate that HO-1 expression induced by NO donors in rat articular chondrocytes is due to NO-mediated peroxynitrite rather than NO.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.225-229
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to trace and to identify the origin and meanings of the word ho-su(胡神) that is found in historical documents of Chosun dynasty period. Historical documents, books, and other written materials from Korea and China were used for this research. The word ho-su(胡神) of Korea was originated in Chinese. At the first, ho-su(胡神) was a name of a kind of sleeves. It is long and wide round sleeves with narrow wrist parts. The character ho(胡) means a jaw, lower part of a jaw, a jaw hung down, hing down and lower part. Thus, the word ho-su(胡神) is a compound word made with character ho(胡) and character su(神) sleeve. The direct meaning of ho-su(胡神) in characteristic shape of the sleeves. The second meaning of the ho-su(胡神) is the name of a dress with long and wide round sleeves with narrow wrists. The name of the ho-su as a name of a dress was taken from the name of the ho-su(胡神), a kind of sleeves.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.17-21
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to trace and identify the word, ho-su(好袖), appeared in Sejosillok(世祖實錄). The results of this research can be summerized as follow : the word, ho-su(好袖) was one of the names of sleeves of so-o-sa(小 子). The ho-su(好袖)is a kind of round sleeves with small wrists. The ho-su(好袖) was a synomym of hak-su(鶴袖). The word, ho-su(好袖)is Korean transliteration of ho-su(好袖). Although the first characters of ho-su(好袖) and ho-su(胡袖) are different from each other in Korean, the sounds and the meanings of these two words are the same. Ho-su(好袖), ho-su(胡袖), and hak-su 鶴袖are synonyms.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.2238-2246
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• 2012

Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to investigate hydrogen bonding characteristics of hydroxyl groups in glucose aqueous solutions with different concentrations. The hydrogen bonding abilities and strength of different O and H atom types have been calculated and compared. The acceptor/donor efficiencies have been predicted and it has been found that: (1) O2-HO2 and O3-HO3 are more efficient intramolecular hydrogen bonding acceptors than donors; (2) O1-HO1, O4-HO4 and O6-HO6 are more efficient intramolecular hydrogen bonding donors than acceptors; (5) O1-HO1 and O6-HO6 are more efficient intermolecular hydrogen bonding acceptors than donors while hydroxyl groups O2-HO2 and O4-HO4 are more efficient intermolecular hydrogen bonding donors than acceptors. The hydrogen bonding abilities of hydroxyl groups revealed that: (1) the hydrogen bonding ability of OH2-$H_w$ is larger than that of hydroxyl groups in glucose; (2) among the hydroxyl groups in glucose, the hydrogen bonding ability of O6-HO6 is the largest and the hydrogen bonding ability of O4-HO4 is the smallest; (3) the intermolecular hydrogen bonding ability of O6-HO6 is the largest; (4) the order for intramolecular hydrogen bonding abilities (from large to small) is O2-HO2, O1-HO1, O3-HO3, O6-HO6 and O4-HO4.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.351-360
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• 1996

Chitosan is a polysaccharide of natural orgin obtained by full or partial deacetylation of chitin, a very abudant natural polymer, which has the properties of biocompatibilities, bioaffinities, and biodegradabilities. The free amino group of chitosan should be participated in forming chelate with holmium (${\beta}$-emitter). $^{166}Ho(NO_3)_3\;5H_2O$ of high radionuclidic purity of upto 99.9% was made by neutron irradiation of naturally occuring $^{166}Ho(NO_3)_3\;5H_2O$, and then reacted with the prepared chitosan solution. The effect of pH, reaction time, the concentration and viscosity of chitosan and the amount of $^{166}Ho$ on forming $^{166}Ho$-chitosan complex ($^{166}Ho$-CHICO) were investigated. $^{166}Ho$-chitosan macroaggregate($^{166}Ho$-CHIMA) was made from $^{166}Ho$-CHICO. Their physical properties such as radionuclidic purity, particle size distribution, stability in vitro and vivo were examined. Their high in vitro and vivo stability makes them attractive agents for internal radiotherapy by local administeration.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2007

Background: Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is known to modulates the cellular functions, including cell proliferation and apoptosis. It is known that a high level of HO-1 expression is found in many tumors, and HO-1 plays an important role in rapid tumor growth on account of its antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects. Cisplatin is a widely used anti-cancer agent for the treatment of lung cancer. However, the development of resistance to cisplatin is a major obstacle to its use in clinical treatment. We previously demonstrated that inhibiting HO-1 expression through the transcriptional activation of Nrf2 induces apoptosis in A549 cells. The aim of this study was to determine of the inhibiting HO-1 enhance the chemosensitivity of A549 cells to cisplatin. Materials and Methods: The human lung cancer cell line, A549, was treated cisplatin, and the cell viability was measured by a MTT assay. The change in HO-1, Nrf2, and MAPK expression after the cisplatin treatment was examined by Western blotting. HO-1 inhibition was suppressed by ZnPP, which is a specific pharmacologic inhibitor of HO activity, and small interfering RNA (siRNA). Flow cytometry analysis and Western blot were performed in to determine the level of apoptosis. The level of hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) generation was monitored fluoimetrically using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate. Results: The A549 cells showed more resistance to the cisplatin treatment than the other cell lines examined, whereas cisplatin increased the expression of HO-1 and Nrf2, as well as the phosphorylation of MAPK in a time-dependent fashion. Inhibitors of the MAPK pathway blocked the induction of HO-1 and Nrf2 by the cisplatin treatment in A549 cells. In addition, the cisplatin-treated A549 cells transfected with dither the HO-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) or ZnPP, specific HO-1 inhibitor, showed in a more significantly decrease in viability than the cisplatin-only-treated group. The combination treatment of ZnPP and cisplatin caused in a marked increase in the ROS generation and a decrease in the HO-1 expression. Conclusion: Cisplatin increases the expression of HO-1, probably through the MAPK-Nrf2 pathway, and the inhibition of HO-1 enhances the chemosensitivity of A549 cells to cisplatin.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.153-156
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• 2006

The acute toxicity of STB-HO-BM was evaluated in Sprague Dawley (SS) rats and beagle dogs. STB-HO-BM was administered orally to rats at dose levels of 0 and 2,000mg/kg/day and to dogs at dose levels of 0, 500, 1,000 and 2,000 mg/kg/day. In these experiments, there were no death and clinical changes which were related to STB-HO-BM administration. In addition, there were no significant changes between control and treated groups in body weights and autopsy findings. In conclusion, the administration of STB-HO-BM 2,000 mg/kg in SD rats and up to 2,000mg/kg in beagle dogs was proved to be safe, and it is thought that STB-HO-BM may not show any toxicity in its clinical use.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 2006

This study was performed to evaluate repeated-dose toxicities of STB-HO-BM in Sprague-Dawley rats. STB-HO-BM was administered orally to rats at dose levels of 0, 100, 300 and 1,000 mg/kg/day for 13 weeks. In recent study, there were no dose related changes in mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes, food and water consumption, opthalmoscopy, organ weights, urine analysis, hematological findings, and biochemical examination of all animals treated with STB-HO-BM. Gross and histopathological findings revealed no evidence of specific toxicity related to STB-HO-BM. These results suggest that the oral no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of STB-HO-BM may be over 1,000 mg/kg in rats.