• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of virtual reality bowling on emotional changes using EEG (Electroencephalogram). Sixteen bowling players who have at least three years of experiences in bowling participated in this study. Their aged ranged from 26 to 35 years old with a mean age of 29.6 years. The frontal lobes (Fp2-Fp1, F4-F3, F8-F7) of each player were measured while subjects were performing five games of bowling. And after performing every frame, their emotion was measured immediately with Visual Analogue Scale. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance to test differences in the alpha value of each region of the frontal lobes. The dependent variable is the alpha power of the cerebral asymmetry. The results showed that players who scored a strike showed higher VAS values than those who missed the spares or cleared the spares; those who cleared spares showed higher VAS values than those who missed spares In addition, with respect to frontal R-L asymmetry score, the alpha-wave of the left frontal lobe was activated when scoring a strike and clearing spares and the alpha-wave of the right frontal lobe was activated when missing spares. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrated that success or achievement in competition gives rise to positive emotions and vice versa. This study neurophysiologically proved that performance outcomes during a competition directly influence players' emotion and brain waves.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.383-389
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• 2004

This paper proposes a method to provide intelligence for characters in fighting action games by using a neural network. Each action takes several time units in general fighting action games. Thus the results of a character's action are not exposed immediately but some time units later. To design a suitable neural network for such characters, it is very important to decide when the neural network is taught and which values are used to teach the neural network. The fitness of a character's action is determined according to the scores. For learning, the decision causing the score is identified, and then the neural network is taught by using the score change, the previous input and output values which were applied when the decision was fixed. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, many experiments are executed on a simple action game (but very similar to the actual fighting action games) environment. The results show that the intelligent character trained by the proposed algorithm outperforms random characters by 3.6 times at most. Thus we can conclude that the intelligent character properly reacts against the action of the opponent. The proposed method can be applied to various games in which characters confront each other, e.g. massively multiple online games.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.76-90
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• 1999

This study was performed 1) to compare the nature of the synchronized behaviors in mother-child plays between autistic and normal groups quantitatively and qualitatively and 2) to identify the behavioral data to improve synchrony. The subjects were consisted of 20 mother-child pairs, 10 for each autistic group(AG) and normal group(NG). The developmental age of two groups was under 24 months old and equally matched. Data were collected by video-taped mother-child free play and analyzed with Wilcoxon Rank Sign(Sum) Test, Spearman Correlation Coefficient, Scheffe's Test, and Content Analysis. The score on synchronized behaviors of AG was significantly lower than that of NG(p<.05). As time progressed, the difference was much higher between the 2 groups. And the structure of motherchild plays in AG was poor and most of the interactions were discontinued as 1 or 2 episodes. On the other hand, mother-child plays in NG were enriched and became somewhat like game or play. The score of mother's growth-fostering nurturing behaviors showed positive relation to synchrony and much highly related to the group of 16 months-old or above. Mother's laughing and patting responses and pausing to get the child's initiative were especially related highly to synchronized behaviors. In conclusion, these mother's growth-fostering nurturing behaviors should be stressed at the mother-child interactions and also well structured therapeutic play with considering in children's developmental level should be given.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.15-24
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• 2010

A Digilog Book is an augmented reality (AR) based next generation publication supporting both sentimental analog emotions and digitized multi-sensory feedbacks by combining a conventional printed book and digital contents. As a Digilog Book authoring software, ARtalet provides an intuitive authoring environment through 3D user interface in AR environment. In this paper, we suggest ARtalet authoring environment based trajectory editing method to generate and manipulate a movement path of an augmented 3D object on the Digilog Book. Specifically, the translation points of the 3D manipulation prop is examined to determine that the point is a proper control point of a trajectory. Then the interpolation using splines is conducted to reconstruct the trajectory with smoothed form. The dynamic score based selection method is also exploited to effectively select small and dense control points of the trajectory. In an experimental evaluation our method took the same time and generated a similar amount of errors as the usual approach, but reduced the number of control points needed by over 90%. The reduced number of control points can properly reconstruct a movement path and drastically decrease the number of control point selections required for movement path modification. For control manipulation, the task completion time was reduced and there was less hand movement needed than with conventional method. Our method can be applicable to drawing or curve editing method in immersive In-Situ AR based education, game, design, animation, simulation application domains.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.197-204
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematic factors of motion during air pistol shooting. Method: This study aimed to investigate changes in forces during movement and determine the factors that affect changes in force during the first, middle, and last periods of shooting an air pistol. Two ground reaction force systems (force platform), SCATT (a shooting training system), and EMG (electromyogram) to measure the action potentials in the muscles of the upper body were used in this study. Four university air pistol players (age: 19.75 years, height: 175.50 cm, body mass: $69.55{\pm}11.50kg$, career length: $6.25{\pm}6years$) who are training to progress to a higher rank were enrolled. Results: In terms of the actual shooting results, the mean score in the middle section was $42.48{\pm}1.74$ points, higher than those in the first and the last periods when using SCATT. The gunpoint moved 13.48 mm more vertically than horizontally in the target trajectory. With respect to action potentials of muscles measured using EMG, the highest action potentials during the aiming-shooting segments, in order higher to lower, were seen in the trapezius (intermediate region), trapezius (superior region), deltoid (lateral), and triceps brachii (long head). The action potentials of biceps brachii and brachioradialis turned out to be high during grasping motion, which is a preparatory stage. During the final segment, muscle fatigue appeared in the deltoid (lateral), biceps brachii (long head), brachioradialis, and trapezius (intermediate region). In terms of the ground reaction force, during the first period of shooting, there was a major change in the overall direction (left-right $F_x$, forward-backward $F_y$, vertical $F_z$) of the center of the mass. Conclusion: The development and application of a training program focusing on muscle groups with higher muscle fatigue is required for players to progress to a higher rank. Furthermore, players can improve their records in the first period if they take part in a game after warming up sufficiently before shooting in order to heighten muscle action potentials, and are expected to maintain a consistent shooting motion continuously by restoring psychological stability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.97-110
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between internet addiction and mental health of 5-6th grade students in elementary schools and to provide some basic data to develop a program for prevention and treatment of internet addiction. The study is the research of the descriptive correlation and the subjects of the study were 643 students from 5th and 6th year children of four elementary schools in four districts which are located in G city. The data were analyzed by SAS program with frequency, percentage, means, standard deviation, x2-test, ANOVA and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient. The results were as follows: 1. In the demographic characteristics of the subjects, the boys were 50.5%, girls 49.5% and 5th grade students were 48.4%, 6th grade 51.6%. The purposes of the internet using were e-mail 40.3%, game 37.5%. 2. In the degree of the internet addiction were 4.5% of addiction, 38.7% of addiction tendency and 56.8% of non-addiction. 3. The score range of the degree of the mental health index of the subjects' were 26-28, mean 47.8. 4. There were significant differences in mental health index(F=34.01, p= .000) to the degree of the internet addiction. 5. There were significant negative correlation between the degree of internet addiction and the mertal health index(r=0.342, p= .000). The result of the study showed the students who are in high-grade in elementary school have already addicted to using of the internet as much as the youth and the more they addicted to the internet, the lower mental health index they have. According to increasing of the using internet among the elementary school students, the internet addiction of them have increased. Therefore, it is necessary to develope a program for prevention and treatment of the internet addiction.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.13B no.4 s.107
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• pp.449-456
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• 2006

This paper proposes intelligent characters for fighting action games to which energy points are applied for more realistic implementation than those of previous researches. The intelligent characters decide their actions in consideration of their energy level as well as a current action, the step of the action, the distance, and past actions of opponent characters that were used in existing intelligent ones. We used two types of energy, HP(Health Point) and MP(Mana Point) that were frequently employed in recent on-line games. We experimented with proposed intelligent characters to investigate whether the intelligent characters learn proper actions and cope with opponent characters in consideration of their energy levels. Experimental results showed that the intelligent characters reacted with the best actions to obtain high score if their energy is sufficient, Otherwise, they did the actions to(that?) recharge their energy. From this observation, we could conclude that the proposed intelligent characters worked well and did effective actions in consideration of the their energy.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.163-170
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• 2006

This paper proposes intelligent characters for fighting action games to which energy concepts are applied for more realistic implementation than those of previous researches. The intelligent characters decide their actions in consideration of their energy level as well as a current action, the step of the action, the distance, and past actions of opponent characters that were used in existing intelligent ones. We used two types of energy, HP(Health Point) and MP(Mana Point), that were frequently employed in recent on-line games. We experimented with proposed intelligent characters to investigate whether the intelligent characters loam proper actions and cope with opponent characters in consideration of their energy levels. Experimental results showed that the intelligent characters reacted to the best actions to obtain high score if their energy is sufficient, otherwise they did the actions to recharge their energy. From this observation, we could conclude that the proposed intelligent characters worked well and did effective actions in consideration to the their energy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.37-47
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• 2009

Purpose : To find degree of internet addiction of rural elementary school students and to assess the relationship of them to the health promoting behaviors in a rural area in chungnam province. Method : Children's grade, sex and their internet habits, and family background and internet addiction records, health promoting behavior scores of 5th and 6th grade of elementary school students. Self-recorded questionnaire surveys from 2nd December to December 20, 2008, and total 393 data were analysed. Results : The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. The internet risk group of 5th and 6th grade of rural elementary school students were 18.3%. 2. Place of major using internet were home in 84.6% of male and using internet time were more than 2hours per day and major purpose of internet was game(72.9%) than female. 3. Significant negative correlation between the degree of internet addiction and the health promoting behavior(r=-0.245. p=0.000) 4. Health promoting behavior score was 138.24${\pm}$18.64 in internet non-addictive group and 126.66${\pm}$16.81 in potential risk group, 124.60${\pm}$19.85 in high risk group 5. As a result of multiple regression analysis, degree of internet addiction, school record, health status, concern to health of the students by the parents were related to the health promoting behavior and these provided predicted 21.7%.. Conclusion : The internet addiction risk group need for the health education including health promoting behavior and counseling for treatment of internet addiction.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.153-174
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• 2014

This study started as an effort to solve the serious environmental program that the Korean government and internationally focused on. For the purpose of the study, a green based growth education program was composed that young children could participate in. With this program, the study participants could form attitudes, behavior, and knowledge of environmental preservation. To see the effectiveness of the green growth educational program, the study set up a control and an experimental group. The program was composed with four major content 'ecosystem', 'energy', 'resource', and 'green citizenship'. The study planned 20 sessions including fairy tales, storytelling, art, game, and science activities. The study's participants were a total of 42 five-year-old children. The result of the research showed that the experimental group's environmental preservation knowledge, attitude, and behavior score was significantly higher than the control group. The green growth educational program had a positive effect on young children's knowledge, attitude, and behavior of environmental preservation. This study included the realities of the difficulties applying green growth education in kindergarten, the result provided practical information regarding the green growth educational program to kindergarten teachers.