• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.430-436
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• 2000

The purpose of the study was to obtain the basic data on the self-adjusting ability of the support panty stockings. Ten healthy women in the twenties were selected as subjects and clothing pressure of 9 support panty stockings made of single covered yarn (SCY) and double covered yarn (DCY) were measured under the standard environmental condition for the study. Data was analysed statistically according to body postures, sides, and parks. The results were as follows: Clothing pressure according to body posture was order of 'sitting-on-a-chair', 'stepping-up-a-stair', and 'standing'. High clothing pressure was obtained in the parts of calf ($9.4gf/cm^2$) in 'standing' and knee (9.7 and $16.5gf/cm^2$) in both 'stepping-up-a-stair' and 'sitting-on-a-chair', respectively. The order of clothing pressure with body sides was 'front', 'side', and 'back'. The highest clothing pressure was knee ($18.8gf/cm^2$) on the front, thigh ($8.8gf/cm^2$) on the side, and calf ($6.4gf/cm^2$) on the back. Clothing pressure of DCY at abdomen and knee was a little higher than those of SCY 3. In terms of material structure variation, clothing pressure of thigh, calf and ankle with SCY was a little higher than those with DCY, while clothing pressure of abdomen and knee with DCY was a little higher than those with SCY.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.3-12
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• 1998

블럭암호의 비도는 S-box의 비도와 운영방식에 의존된다. S-box 의 비도는 이 한수의 성분함수인 Book함수의 비선형성, 상관면역위수, SAS, 균형성 등에 의존되며, S-box자체의 비선형성, 입력성부(또는 입력비트)에 대한 출력성분(또는 출력비트)의 독립성 등에 의존된다. 이와 같은 출력 성분의 독립성에 관한 개념의 하나가 완비성이다. 본 논문에서는 Galois 체 GF(2)위해 n차원 벡터공간 GF(2)$^{n}$ 에서 완비함수의 존재성에 관한 몇 가지 알고리즘과 완비함수가 만족하는 성질들을 조사하였다.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2002

Modular Multiplication in Galois Field GF(2/sup m/) is a basic operation for many applications, particularly for public key cryptography. This paper presents a new architecture that can process modular multiplication on GF(2/sup m/) per m clock cycles using a cellular automata. Proposed architecture is more efficient in terms of the space and time than that of systolic array. Furthermore it can be efficiently used for the hardware design for exponentiation computation.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.8 no.1 s.14
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• pp.1-11
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• 2004

This paper proposes new multiplicative techniques over finite field, by using KOA. At first, we regenerate the given polynomial into a binomial or a trinomial to apply our polynomial multiplicative techniques. After this, the product polynomial is archived by defined auxiliary polynomials. To perform multiplication over $GF(2^m)$ by product polynomial, a new mod $F({\alpha})$ method is induced. Using the proposed operation techniques, multiplicative circuits over $GF(2^m)$ are constructed. We compare our circuit with the previous one as proposed by Parr. Since Parr's work is premised on $GF((2^4)^n)$, it will not apply to general cases. On the other hand, the our work more expanded adaptive field in case m=3n.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics C
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• v.36C no.3
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• pp.8-16
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• 1999

This paper describes a VLSI design of Reed-Solomon(RS) decoder using the modified Euclid algorithm, with the main theme focused on the $\textit{GF}(2^8)$. To get area-efficient design, a number of new architectures have been devised with maximal register and Euclidean ALU unit sharing. One ALU is shared to replace 18 ALUs which computes an error locator polynomial and an error evaluation polynomial. Also, 18 registers are shared to replace 24 registers which stores coefficients of those polynomials. The validity and efficiency of the proposed architecture have been verified by simulation and by FLEX$^TM$ FPGA implementation in hardware description language VHDL. The proposed Reed-Solomon decoder, which has the capability of decoding RS(208,192,17) and RS(182,172,11) for Digital Versatile Disc(DVD), has been designed by using O.6$\mu\textrm{m}$ CMOS TLM Compass$^TM$ technology library, which contains totally 17k gates with a core area of 2.299$\times$2.284 (5.25$\textrm{mm}^2$). The chip can run at 20MHz while the DVD requirement is 3.74MHz.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.655-665
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• 2010

This study analyzed the effects of skinny jean on women's health by questionnaire survey and measuring the pressure experienced under the clothing and participants' subjective view of the pressure level. The average size women in their 20s' waists is 26 inches and so three pairs of jeans were prepared and worn by 4 female participants. A survey was conducted to investigate how often participants wear skinny jeans and whether they had had any feelings of discomfort as a result of this. Participants responded that they hadexperienced middle to high levels of discomfort due to the high pressure inside skinny jeans. For the maximum value of clothing pressures, jean f2 at the part of buttocks showed $48.7gf/cm^2$. The pressure inside the clothing was found to be highest around the buttocks followed by the knees and finally the belly. The mean values of 7 measuring parts are different according to the jean type; f3 $20.8gf/cm^2$ > f2 $16.4gf/cm^2$ > f1 $15.5gf/cm^2$, which is corresponding to the order of pressure sensation, but not corresponding to the order of ease amount of clothing pattern: f2 > f3 > f1. Mean pressure values were also measured according to the body posture: they were found to by highest when sitting on a chair (21.3gf/$cm^2$), second highest when sitting on the floor ($19.2gf/cm^2$) and lowest when standing ($15.0gf/cm^2$). This is not always same to the order of participants subjective perceptions of the pressure, which is, they estimated pressure to be highest when sitting on the floor followed by sitting on a chair and lowest in a standing position.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.1C
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• pp.8-13
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• 2011

In this paper, we show new method to find error locations of 2 eight bit symbol errors for 2 error correcting Reed-Solomon decoder. New design is much faster and has much simpler logic circuit than the former design method. This optimization was possible by partitioning the 8 bit operations into 4 bit arithgmatic and logic operations. This Reed Solomon decoder can be used for data protection of almost all digital communication and consumer electronic devices.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.491-501
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• 2018

Objectives: The aims of this study were to compare concentrations and the correspondence of human blood cadmium by using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), which are representative methods of heavy metal analysis. Methods: We randomly selected 79 people who agreed to participate in the research project. After confirming the linearity of the calibration curves for GF-AAS and ICP-MS, the concentrations of cadmium in a quality control standard material and blood samples were measured, and the correlation and the degree of agreement were compared. Results: The detection limit of ICP-MS (IDL: $0.000{\mu}g/L$, MDL: $0.06{\mu}g/L$) was lower than that of GF-AAS (IDL: $0.085{\mu}g/L$, MDL: $0.327{\mu}g/L$). The coefficient of variation of the quality control standard material showed stable values for both ICP-MS (clinchek-1: 5.35%, clinchek-2: 6.22%) and GF-AAS (clinchek-1: 7.92%, clinchek-2: 5.22%). Recovery was relatively high for both ICP-MS (clinchek-1: 95.1%, clinchek-2: 92.8%) and GF-AAS (clinchek-1: 91.4%, clinchek-2: 98.8%), with more than 90%. The geometric mean, median, and percentile of blood samples were all similar. The agreement of the two instruments compared with the bias of the analytical values found that about 81% of the analytical values were within ${\pm}30%$ of the deviation from the ideal reference line (y=0). As a result of the agreement limit, the value included in the confidence interval was about 94%, which shows high agreement. Conclusion: In this study, we confirmed there was no significant difference in concentrations of a quality control standard material and blood samples. Since ICP-MS showed lower concentrations than GF-AAS at concentrations below the method detection limit of GF-AAS, it is expected that more precise results will be obtained by analyzing blood cadmium with ICP-MS.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 2017

This study investigated the effects of the mixing ratio of tofu paste and normal corn starch on the characteristics of gluten-free (GF) muffins. Soft wheat flour for wheat flour-based muffins (control) was replaced with the mixture of tofu paste and normal corn starch (NCS). The mixing ratios of tofu paste and NCS were 1:6.4 (S100), 1:5.1 (S80), 1:3.8 (S60), 1:2.6 (S40), 1:1.3 (S20), and 1:0 (S00), based on their total solid contents. GF muffins of S40-S100 developed the porous, sponge-like structure without crumb collapse. The weight and baking loss did not significantly differ in the control and GF muffins. By decreasing NCS in GF muffin batters, the moisture content, firmness, and crumb redness/yellowness of GF muffins increased, while their volume, specific volume, and crumb lightness decreased. Nevertheless, these characteristics (except for firmness) of S100 were much closer to those of the control. In the preference test, however, S60 (possessing lower attributes than S100 and S80) was most favored among GF muffins, and was very similar in all evaluations (except for appearance) to the control. Overall, the mixture of tofu paste and NCS would be a potential material to replace soft wheat flour in muffins.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.80-86
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• 2017

In this study, nitrogen functional groups were introduced on graphite fiber (GF) to modify their electrical properties, and heating properties were investigated according to the treatment conditions. GF was prepared by a thermal solid-state reaction at $200^{\circ}C$ for 2 h. Surface properties of the nitrogen doped GF were examined by XPS, and its resistance and heating temperature were measured using a programmable electrometer and thermo-graphic camera, respectively. The XPS result showed that the nitrogen functional groups on the GF surface were increased with increasing of urea contents, and the heating property of the GF was also improved as nitrogen functional groups were introduced. The maximum heating temperature of GF treated by urea was $53.8^{\circ}C$ at 60 V, which showed 55% improved heating characteristics compared to that of non-treated GF. We ascribe this effect to introduced nitrogen functional groups on the GF surface by thermal solid-state reaction, which significantly affects the heating characteristics of GF.