• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.11-24
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• 1976

This study was a part of large scale of a prospective study on attitudes of professional students in medicine, nursing and teaching toward population related issues in Korea. The study was first conducted in May 1974 and then in May 1975 for the 1974 class cohot using a questionaire consisted of attitude scales and other items developed by Lee. The purpose of stuay was twohold, namely, to determine the difference in students among specializations on one hand and between the first and second years in the 1974 class cohot regarding tile subject matter. A one-way analysis of variance was used for attitude scale, and absolute and relative frequency were computed for the analysis of non-attitude scale items by employing Fishers' Ratio and Duncan's multiple range test at 5% level and chi square test at 5% level as significance tests. The hypothesis 'students in health profession are more likely to have positive attitudes toward population related issues progressively as class year advances than students in teaching profession' was tested and the following results were obtained: 1) Nursing students were more likely to display favarable attitudes toward family planning than medical or teaching students although the class cohot showed slightly negative improvement in the second year. Medical and teaching students apperaed to have slightly improved attitudes in the second year. 2) Respondents in general perceived national family planning program as a means of population control and this tendency was more true among nursing students as the class year advances than two other professional groups of students. Students in teaching profession appeared to perceive it more as a means to improve individual family welfare while health students were likely to see as to improve maternal and child health. This tendency was progressively improved as the class year advanced. 3) The majority of students regardless of their respective specializations believed that family planning program should be directed toward the improvement of individual family welfare. No progressive changes in the class cohot were observed. 4) About the plan to use contraceptives in future, no singnificant differences were observes among different specializations nor in different class years. However, the majority was confirmed to have a plan to use contracepives in future. An increasing proportion of the undecided category was observed, as class year advanced among health students. 5) Students in health profession were found to be more favorable about 'more leisure opportunities' as motive for limiting number of children whereas education students indicated the reasons as 'facilitate ambitions' and 'economic base' The progressive changes toward positive direction in both groups were observed as the class years advanced. 6) Attitudes toward induced abortions of the health students were observed to be positively related to class years while an inverse relationship was found in teaching students who showed much less favor in the subject matter than health students. This phenomenon may be due to the different exposure to learning environments unique to respective specializations. 7) Health students were found to have more favorable attitudes toward population education in general than the teaching students. The teaching students appeared to have changed more to the negative direction when they became the second year while no such development was observed in health students. The teaching students seemed to hold a very conservative position with regard to sex education in schools. 8) About the equality of sexes, the nursing group was found to be most favorable while the reverse was true in the teaching group. A change in the negative direction as the class year advanced was found in the teaching group. 9) About questions related to fertility values-the 10 percent of respondents regardless of specialization indicated that they would maintain their single status in future, however no change was observed in the second year. The desired number of children was found to be two by the majority of students in nursing, medicine and teaching in order of high proportion. No changes in a different class year were observed. The childless marriage was seen by nursing students as a problem more than other students, but a slight change in positive direction was found when the nursing students became the second year. In summing, as data supported in the above, students in health profession demonstrated more favorable attitudes toward population related issues than the teaching students and this tendency became more apparent in the second year. It was noticed that health students were more conscious about the health aspect of population and family planning program while the teaching students gave more attention to the socioeconomic aspect. The sex variable seemed to have operated in the item related to the equality of sexes. In conclusion, as data presented in the above, the hypothesis of this study was accepted except in the few items. It should be noted that the limitation of this study is the short duration of the observation in measuring the possible attitude changes. It should include curriculum analysis for the respective specializations in order to indentify the area of curriculum impact on students in future study.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.2 s.64
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• pp.99-108
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• 2006

Based on the results from the already published 'A study on factors that make busy of street space' and 'A study on street the image evaluation of streetscape', this study is an attempt to explore factors, other than the structural factors, that compose the street space and affect the image of street to be more lively. First of all, this study was mainly concentrated on the structure of street space that fits the theory of the previous two theses, stating that the structural ratio ($D/H=0.5{\sim}2$) gives the street an interesting image. The next study subject was the street space that exhibits the amenity and busy of image according to the space structure ratio. I defined that exhibiting amenity and busy means the activation of the street space, and I attempted to extract the activation factors from the component elements. The street space that shows amenity and busy image after the activation was named as 'lively street space' in this study. Furthermore, I selected 20 street spaces, after classifying the whole, according to nations and local characteristics as the previous theses had done and looked for the 'lively street space', whose structural ratio was not in the range of $D/H=0.5{\sim}2$ and the factors that contributed to the Image. As the result, I founded that in case of the business areas with the ratio of $D/H=0.5{\sim}2$, street activation factors were hydroponic facilities, sidewalks, and wayside buildings and In case of the commercial areas, the factors were sidewalk, wayside buildings, hydroponic facilities, and illumination facilities. Especially, 5 commercial areas in Korea and 1 business areas in Japan did not have the structural ratio of $D/H=0.5{\sim}2$, but still exhibited lively image as streets. This was because aside from the structural element, other street activation factors such as facilities also had major contribution in these streets. In other words, in commercial areas in Korea have wayside buildings, sidewalks, and hydroponic facilities as activating factors, whereas in street spaces in business areas in Japan, hydroponic facilities, wayside buildings, and sidewalk factors are influential to the activation of street spaces.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.32-40
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• 2015

This study was implemented to evaluate food safety on residual pesticides in agricultural products of Korea and to use as a data base for the establishment of food policy. A total of 196 pesticide upon these products were analyzed using multi class pesticide multiresidue methods of Korean Food Code, and 232 samples of 15 agricultural products collected from 9 regions were supplied for this study. In the results, 64 kinds of pesticides were detected in 53 samples, chlorpyrifos and procymidone of them were shown a high frequency of detection in the analyzed pesticides. Among them, two samples (chlorpyrifos in perilla leaves and picoxystrobin in peach) were detected over Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs). The levels of the detected pesticide residues were within safe levels. Also, the intake assessment for pesticide residues including chlorpyrifos at multi pesticide residue monitoring were carried out. The result showed that the ratio of EDI (estimated daily intake) to ADI (acceptable daily intake) was 0.001~0.902% which means that the detected pesticide residues were in a safe range so that residual pesticides in the agricultural products in Korea are properly controlled.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.4 s.261
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• pp.310-316
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• 2006

Background: We study the QOL (quality of life) & functional improvement in patients underwent esophageal surgery for cancer by the viewpoint of the patient and would like make the guideline of recovery course. Material and Method: Between Dec. 1996$\sim$Aug. 2002, 250 patients were operated and 57 patients was enable interview, didn't have evidence of recurrence & survived more than 1 year postoperatively at Asan Medical Center. Questionnaire made by direct or telephone interview & include diet habitus, change of body weight, G-E (gastroesophageal) reflux, dumping symptom, change of daily life. Result: There were 53 men (93%), 4 women (7%) with mean age of $62.05{\pm}8.7$ (range: $37{\sim}94$). Operation method was Ivor Lewis operation in 43 case (75.4%), Esophagocolojejunostomy 4 case (7.1%), Mckeown operation 10 case (17.5%). In Diet habitus, 55 patients (96.5%) ate more than three times in a day with mean diet frequency was 3.5 times/day, 51 patients (89.5%) have been ate solid, regular diet, 5 patients (8.8%) enable to eat liquid diet. To compare with preoperative state, 32 patients (56.9%) had a diet speed more than 80%, 28 patients (39.1%) had a diet amount more than 80%. 32 patients (56.9%) had a little change of body weight within a 10%, 25 patients (43%) had a improvement rather than preoperative state. In G-E reflux, 4 patients (7%) had a reflux after every diet, 27 patients (47.4%) had a little reflux after diet. In dumping symptom. 7 patients (12.3%) had a diarrhea after meal. 38 patients (66.6%) had a normal activity 19 patients (33.3%) had a decreased activity. At present state, majority (53 patient-93%) of patient were satisfactory to the operation result, in spite of discomfort from time to time. In the emotional status, 50 patients (88%) had a well sleeping without disturbance. 65% of patients were comfortable in the psychology state. 39% of patients had a libido. Compare with their median age (63 y), it's a normal varient. Conclusion: QOL in patients underwent esophageal surgery for esophageal cancer nearly recovery to preoperative state.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.743-760
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• 2014

This study aimed to isolate and identify freshwater algae from the organic agricultural ecosystems and investigate its biological characteristics to study the possibility of utilizing a biomass freshwater algae in organic farming. In the survey area, average water temperature was $12.4{\sim}28.2^{\circ}C$ and the pH ranges were from 6.1 to 8.5. The solid culture method is more suitable than liquid culture method for isolation of freshwater algae with lower contamination level and higher isolation frequency. A total of 115 strains were isolated from six freshwater algae habitats in nine regions in Korea. BGMM (BG11 Modified Medium) amended with NaNO3 and $KNO_3$ as a nitrogen, and $Na_2CO_3$ as carbon source was designed to isolate and culture freshwater algae. Absorbance of freshwater algae culture has increased dramatically to four days and decreased after eight days after inoculation. CHK008 of the seven isolates showed the highest absorbance in seven days after culturing in BGMM. The optimal pH of BGMM for culturing freshwater algae was pH 6-7. As light intensity increased, growth of freshwater algae increased. Among the five kinds of carbon sources, glucose and galactose promoted good growth of freshwater algae in BGMM. The colony color of purified 16 green algae isolates showed a separation of green, dark and light green, and of them, eleven algae strains showed a strong fluorescent light under fluorescence microscopy. Cell size of the green algae showed a wide range of variation depending on the species. General morphology of the green algae strains was spherical. Chlamydomonas sp. was elliptical, and Chlorella sorokiniana was ellipsoidal and cylindrical. All strains of the green algae except for Chlamydomonas sp. did not have flagella. One isolate of Chlamydomonas sp. and five isolates of C. sorokiniana secreted mucus. Sixteen isolates of 16 green algae were identified as two family and six species, Chlorella vulgalis, C. sorokiniana, C. pyrenoidosa, C. kessleri, C. emersonii, and Chlamydomonas sp. based on their morphological characteristics.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.4985-4994
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of knowledge, health belief and sick role behavior, and the influencing factors on them among the patients with coronary artery disease. The study subjects were 168 patients diagnosed as having coronary artery disease at a university hospital during the period from July 1st, to August 31th, 2010. As a results, Based on the mean scores of knowledge about coronary artery disease according to the general characteristics, they were significantly higher in males than in females(p=0.033). The mean scores of health belief were significantly higher according to age decrease(p=0.043). The mean scores of sick role behaviors were significantly higher in females than in males(p=0.006), with their increasing tendency in the age range from 40's to 60's and decreasing tendency in the age over 70's(p=0.015), the group with religion were significantly higher than the one without(p=0.050). In terms of the mean scores of knowledge and sick role behaviors about coronary artery disease according to the related characteristics, there was a significant difference with the time period elapsed after diagnosed as coronary artery disease, frequency of admissions, perception about the disease, information gathering through mass com. but in terms of those of health belief, there was a not significant difference in all the variables. The significantly influencing factors on degree of knowledge by multivariate regression analysis included degree of perception about a disease, scores of sick role behavior, presence of coronary artery diseases in a family or friends, and the time period elapsed after diagnosed as having coronary artery disease. Those on health belief included age and scores of sick role behavior, and those on sick role behaviors included score of knowledge, perception about a disease, age, BMI, and religion. The results showed a significant difference with their general characteristics or coronary artery disease-related factors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.904-911
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of traditional wine using an radio-frequency identification (RFID) system annexed to a fermenter. In this study, we proposed an RFID-based data transmission scheme for monitoring fermentation of traditional alcoholic beverages. The pH, total acidity, total sugar, soluble sugar, free sugar, alcohol content, and organic acids of were investigated and subjected to fermentation of traditional alcoholic beverages three times. The pH ranged from 7.98, 7.95, and 7.68 at day 0, decreased drastically to 3.31~2.96 at day 2, and then slowly increased to the end point, finally reaching 3.34 at day 20. Acidity tended to increase quickly with time, especially for all samples after day 2. The fermentation environment induced a sudden increase acidity in reactants and indicated a low pH. The total sugars during fermentation quickly decreased to the range of 20.3, 22.43, and 19.2% at day 2, and the slope of reduction steadily decreased to 5.1, 6.1, and 4.8% at day 10. On the other hand, the alcohol content showed the reverse trend as total sugars. The alcohol content also showed the same pattern as total acids, showing the highest alcohol content of 17.3% (v/v) on day 20. In this study on traditional wine fermentation using an RFID system, we showed that pH, soluble sugar, and alcohol content can be adopted as key indicators for quality control and standardization of traditional wine manufacturing.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.15-32
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• 2017

This study investigated the effectiveness of home economics class on self-esteem and stress of middle school students. Data were collected from self-reported inventory of the middle school students in Y city of Gyeonggi province and 165 data copies were used for analyses. Data were analyzed for frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, t-test, corelation and dependent t-test using SPSS/PC 18.0 program. The results were as follows. First, the average of positive self-esteem was 2.74 and that of negative self-esteem was 1.90 on a 4 Likert scale. The range of stress level was 1.88~2.48 on a 5 Likert scale. Life satisfaction was 3.90 and helpfulness of home economics class was 3.89 on a 5 point Likert scale, which means moderately high. Second, examining differences in variables according to gender, there were statistically significant differences in stress regarding family for both pre- and post-tests. Third, helpfulness of home economics class had positive correlation with positive self-esteem and life satisfaction and had negative correlation with negative self-esteem and stress, which means that home economics class enhance life satisfaction and positive self-esteem and lessen negative self-esteem and stress of middle students. Fourth, as a result of comparison of pre and post-tests, positive self-esteem, life satisfaction, and helpfulness of home economics class increased statistically after home economics classes, while stress regarding school life decreased statistically. Even though students' growth and changes resulting from learning other subjects were not controlled, it was meaningful that effectiveness of home economics class were examined and helpful information for enhancing perception of home economics education were provided.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 1989

Ceftizoxime sodium is a new synthetic ${\beta}$-lactam antibiotic combining potent antibacterial activity with high stability to a wide range of bacterial ${\beta}$-lactamase. This experiment was achieved to evaluate the antibacterial activities of ceftizoxime sodium againist Gram negative enteric bacteria isolated from in outpatient visiting Yeungnam university hospital and to study the emergence of drug induced bacterial varients which resist to ceftizoxime in vitro. The antibacterial activity of the ceftizoxime was compared with that of antibiotics and its effect on population of normal intestinal flora in mice was observed. The results are summarized as follows : 1. Highly effective antibacterial activity of ceftizoxime against Gram negative enteric bacilli was demonstrated and this antibacterial activity was superior to that of ampicillin. 2. Several test strains shows multiple antibiotic resistence. Among 15 strains of Escherichia coli, 1 strain was resistent to ampicillin, cefadroxyl, gentamicin, tetracycline, and 2 strains were resistent to ampicillin, cefadroxyl, tetracycline, five strains of Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae was resistent to amplicillin, tetracycline and Shigella dysenteria was resistent to ampicillin, gentamicin, tetracycline. 3. The frequency of in vitro emergence of resistent varients among ceftizoxime sensitive bacteria in the presence of increasing concentrations of the compound was found to be low. 4. Plasmid was isolated in 6 of 9 strains (6 strains of Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Enterobacter cloaceae and Salmonella typhi) That showed different antibiotic resistance. They were 5 strains of Escherichia coli and 1 strain of Shigella dysenteriae. However, plasmid could not be considered as a hallmark for antibiotic resistance by this. Further studies with curing experiment are to be accomplished for this purpose. 5. Changes in the bacterial count of normal intestinal flora following 25mg/kg/day administration of ceftizoxime over S consecutive days were not significant. In conclusion, ceftizoxime appeared to be a drug of choice in the treatment of Gram negative enteric bacilli infection.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.213-222
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• 1998

Electro-Optical Camera(EOC) is the main payload of the KOrea Multi-Purpose SATellite(KOMPSAT) with the mission of cartography to build up a digital map of Korean territory including a Digital Terrain Elevation Map(DTEM). This instalment which comprises EOC Sensor Assembly and EOC Electronics Assembly produces the panchromatic images of 6.6 m GSD with a swath wider than 17 km by push-broom scanning and spacecraft body pointing in a visible range of wavelength, 510~730 nm. The high resolution panchromatic image is to be collected for 2 minutes during 98 minutes of orbit cycle covering about 800 km along ground track, over the mission lifetime of 3 years with the functions of programmable gain/offset and on-board image data storage. The image of 8 bit digitization, which is collected by a full reflective type F8.3 triplet without obscuration, is to be transmitted to Ground Station at a rate less than 25 Mbps. EOC was elaborated to have the performance which meets or surpasses its requirements of design phase. The spectral response, the modulation transfer function, and the uniformity of all the 2592 pixel of CCD of EOC are illustrated as they were measured for the convenience of end-user. The spectral response was measured with respect to each gain setup of EOC and this is expected to give the capability of generating more accurate panchromatic image to the users of EOC data. The modulation transfer function of EOC was measured as greater than 16 % at Nyquist frequency over the entire field of view, which exceeds its requirement of larger than 10 %. The uniformity that shows the relative response of each pixel of CCD was measured at every pixel of the Focal Plane Array of EOC and is illustrated for the data processing.