• Women's Health Nursing
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.273-281
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for nursing programs to reduce fatigue among middle-aged adults by looking at age group differences. Method: The study used a secondary analysis design and participants were 315 middle-aged adults. The data was analyzed using $x^2$-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The findings revealed significant age group differences in socio-demographic variables for educational level, job, religion, economic status, consumption of cigarettes, experience with disease, satisfaction with spouse and children, and number of children. Scores of fatigue showed a significant difference between age groups. The factors influencing fatigue for subjects in their thirties were depression, level of education and self-efficacy. For those in their forties, factors were stress, depression, and self-efficacy. For those in their fifties, the factor was stress. Conclusion: For people in their thirties, school education or lifelong learning programs are needed to reduce fatigue. A disease prevention program and a family support program for people in their forties and fifties. Nurses need to provide customized nursing programs related to depression, stress and self-efficacy to reduce fatigue among middle-aged adults based on age groups.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.431-439
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• 2009

This research aims to invest consumers' purchase behavior and preference of F/W season knit wear to prepare for basic data in producing competitive knit wear which can meet consumers' demands. The results are as follows: 1. Consumers in their twenties are largely purchasing their knit wear at bonded clothing shops, consumers in their thirties at outlet stores and consumers in their forties and fifties at department stores. As for preferred materials in knit wear, the twenties like 100% of cotton, the thirties mixed wool, and the forties and the fifties 100% of wool. Across all age groups, they prefer knit wear pattern with no figures, while they consider its design and color as important factors in purchasing F/W knit wear. 2. As for the wearing sensations of F/W knitwear of three age groups, there are not significant differences in other factors except a factor of 'jacket length'. 3. As for the fitting sensation about F/W knit wear, consumers with 'thin' somatotype feel high comfort in the factor of 'girth', while consumers with standard somatotype feel high satisfaction in the factor of 'length'.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.225-231
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• 1999

Perception and knowledge on the diet among 651 women living in Inchon were surveyed by questionnaires in March through May, 1998. Respondents consisted of middle school girls(12.3%), high school girls(16.4%), and women in twenties(16.4%), thirties(18.9%), forties(15.7%) and fifties and over(20.3%). Ratio of high school graduates was the highest(37.0%) among respondents, and there was a tendency of less education with ages. Seventy-six percent of women practised the diet for the self-satisfaction of a nice figure, 20% for healing diseases, and 3.4% for attracting boy friends' or husbands' attention. The purpose of the diet was significantly different with ages(p<0.01). The diet methods which the respondents perceived effective and wanted to practise were exercise and food therapy. Average score of the knowledge on the diet was 8.27 out of 10, and significantly different with ages and education(p<0.05). Twenties showed the highest score and high school girls, thirties, middle school girls, forties and fifties and over were followed in decreasing order. Also the score was in decreasing order of graduates of college, high, elementary and middle school.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence, risk factors of metabolic syndrome, and lifestyle in religious women by age and metabolic syndrome status between the metabolic syndrome group and the normal group. Methods: As the subjects for this study, 125 religious women in the city of D, H, S, Y, participated in this study. The diagnostic criterion of metabolic syndrome used was the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher as the religious women got older. The metabolic syndrome group in their forties showed higher waist circumference, triglycerides, and lower HDL-cholesterol than the normal group. Among those in their fifties, the metabolic syndrome group had higher waist circumference, fasting glucose, triglyceride and lower HDL-cholesterol than the normal group. In their sixties, the metabolic syndrome group had higher fasting glucose, triglyceride and systolic blood pressure than the normal group. Conclusion: The metabolic syndrome group in their forties showed that their practice rate of 'trying to avoid stresses at work', 'taking prescription medicines' was low. For those in their fifties, the practice rate of 'reducing overeating' and 'choice of low fat meats' was low. Finally, in the group of those in their sixties, 'reducing fried foods' was low.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.19-23
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• 1995

The purpose of this project was to investigate alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and family disease history in the family members of normal and hypertension disease, excluding patients themselves. Mean daily alcohol consumption in family members of hypertension disease patients was significantly higher, especially in the male with thirties, forties, and fifties, than those of normal subjects. Mean daily cigarette smoking in family members of hypertension disease patients was also significantly higher, especially in the male with forties and sixties than those of normal subjects. Cases of hereditary family disease was significantly higher in the family members of hypertension disease patients than those of normal subjects. Especially, a degree to be attacked with cerebrovascular disease was very higher in the family members of hypertension disease patients than normal family.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.15-32
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• 2024

This study aimed to investigate the perceptions and preferences of foreigners residing in Korea towards K-fashion. It sought to provide suggestions for the future development of K-fashion targeting this growing demographic. The results revealed that the longer foreigners had lived in Korea, the more positively they rated Korean fashion, shopping, and culture. The majority of foreigners purchased K-fashion items online, with popular choices including T-shirts, jackets, shirts, and jeans. Both men and women identified shoulders as a common problematic area when wearing clothing, with some issues also reported in the lumbar region. In terms of preferences, younger males (teens and twenties) were more inclined towards fads and celebrity wear compared to older males (thirties and forties). Similarly, younger females (teens and twenties) showed a higher preference for functionality and celebrity wear compared to older females (thirties and forties). These findings suggest that men tend to prioritize aesthetic factors when choosing K-fashion, while women prioritize practical considerations. To better cater to foreign consumers, suggestions for the development of K-fashion include promoting it through K-pop stars, considering dimensions related to foreigners' shoulders when designing top items, diversifying colors, sizes, and patterns, and providing English versions of online shopping platforms.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.36-42
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• 1977

A study on blood pressure and hematocrit values of 1,559 people in 19 Korean rural areas was carried out in 1974 and the results were analyzed statistically. Obtained as follows: 1. The blood pressure according to sex and age groups (from the twenties to the seventies) was as follows: 1) The blood pressure of male by age group il) In the twenties, M (mean) was 125. 85/74, 15mm/Hg, a (standard deviation) was 15.9/10.2, and ill (standard error) was 1.55/0.99. (2) In the thirties, ${\delta}$ was 123.93/77.19 mm/Hg, a was 14.4/10.8, and m was 1.24/0.93. (3) In the forties, M was 128.44/81.15 mm/Hg, a was 23.9/14.7, and m was 2.16/1.33. (4) In the fifties, M was 128.48/181.24 mm/Hg, a was 24.7/13.9, and m was 2.05/1.16. (5) In the sixties, M was 135.80/81.70 mm/Hg, a was 27.4/18.8, and ${\delta}$ was 2.74/1.88. (6) In the seventies, M was 146.84/83. 16mm/Hg, ${\delta}$ was 24.5/10.0, and m was 5.62/2.30. 2) The blood pressure of female by age group (1) In the twenties, M was 117.89/73.33 mm/Hg, ${\delta}$ was 15.7/12.1, and m was 1.42/1.09. (2) In the thirties, M was 118.04/75.71 mm/Hg, ${\delta}$ was 16.9/13.0, and m was 1.13/0.87. (3) In the forties, M was 120.92/78.17 mm/Hg, ${\delta}$ was 20.9/12.9, and m was 1.42/0.87. (4) In the fifties, M was 122.14/79.55 mm/Hg, ${\delta}$ was 24.2/15.9, and m was 1.63/1.07. (5) In the sixties, M was 131.57/84.29 mm/Hg, ${\delta}$ was 28.4/16.9, and m was 2.58/1.53. (6) In the seven ties, M was 139.62/86, 54 mm/Hg, ${\delta}$ was 22.4/15.7, and m was 4.38/3.09. And the range of systolic blood pressure in male was 70~230 mm/Hg and in female was 80-230 mm/Hg. The range of distolic blood pressure in male was 50~160 mm/Hg and in female was 40~140 mm/Hg. 2. The hematocrit value according to sex and age groups was as follows: 1) The hematocrit values of male by age group (1) In the twenties, M was 42.72%, ${\delta}$ was 3.05, and m was 0.30. (2) In the thirties, M was 41.77%, ${\delta}$ was 3.29, and m was 0.28. (3) In the forties, M was 41.39, ${\delta}$ was 3.86, and m was 0.35. (4) In the fifties, M was 40.12%, ${\delta}$ was 3.65, and m was 0.30. (5) In the sixties, M was 39.88%, ${\delta}$ was 3.81. and m was 0.38. (6) In the seventies, M was 38.47%, ${\delta}$ was 2.27, and m was 0.52. 2) The hematocrit values of female by age group (1) In the twenties, M was 35.40%, ${\delta}$ was 3.37, and m was 0.30. (2) In the thirties, M was 35.50%, ${\delta}$ was 3. 35, and m was 0.22. (3) In the forties, M was 35.75%, ${\delta}$ was 3. 18, and m was 0.22. (4) In the fifties, M was 35.84%, ${\delta}$ was 3.30, and m was 0.22. (5) In the sixties, M was 35.70%, ${\delta}$ was 3.35, and m was 0.30. (6) In the seventies, M was 35.08%, ${\delta}$ was 3.08, and m was 0.60. The range of hematocrit values in male was 23~50% and in female was 18~50% (un associated with age groups). 3. In comparison with the blood pressure and the value of hematocrit of study groups showed that the blood pressure raised higher but the value of hematocrit got lowered on the contrary as the groups are getting older. 4. Total number of patients with hypertension was 165(10.6%) which were consisted with 71 male (11.3%) and 94 female (10.1%). But only two cases of the male patient and one case of the female patient were associated with protein uria. 5. The incidence of anemia by hematocrit values was as follows: 1) The incidence of male anemia patients based on$\leqq$41% ($\leqq$39%). (1) In the twenties, incidence was 43.90% (16.98%). (2) In the thirties, 41.48% (25.93%). (3) In the forties, 42.62% (25.41%). (4) In the fifties, 62.76% (40.69%). (5) In the sixties, 70% (38%). (6) In the seventies, 84.21% (73.68%). 2) The incidence of female anemia patients bailed on $\leqq$35% ($\leqq$34%). (1) In the twenties, incidence was 43.90% (37.39%). (2) In the thirties, 48.21 % (33.93%). (3) In the forties, 43.58% (32.57%). (4) In the fifties, 45.91 % (34.09%). (5) In the sixties, 47.11% (37.19%). (6) In the seventies, 50% (46.15%) 6. The incidence rate of anemia patients with hypertension was highest in the age group 51~60 in male and 31~40 in female.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.67-91
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• 2015

The purpose of the present study is to analyze thematically everyday lives (food, clothing, shelter, spending, and leisure) of single women in their thirties or forties. As a result of the analysis, everyday lives of single women could be grouped into five main categories of themes which may be labeled as 'Self', 'Relationship', 'Survival', 'Preparation for the future', 'Freedom and hidden side of the freedom'. As for the first category of themes 'Self', three sub-themes have been found including "Only for me", "Perfection of self", "My own style". Next, as for the second category 'Relationship', two sub-themes have been found including "With her family (For her family, still under the protection of her family)", "With other people (Pleasures with people, Comfortable with single friends, Communicating with the world)". As for the third category 'Survival', three sub-themes have been found including "Health", "Safety", "Practice of living alone", As for the fourth category 'Preparation for the future', three sub-themes have been found including, 'Good spending', 'Savings for later life', 'Leisure in later life'. And finally, as for the fifth category 'Freedom and hidden side of the freedom', two sub-themes have been identified including "I am free because I'm alone (Freedom from bondage of my family, Compensation for being alone)", "Hidden side of the freedom (Fear, dislike feeling and insecurities due to being alone, Overcoming loneliness or solitude)". In all, there are eighteen sub-themes to consider. On the basis of these results, we presented some conclusions on the Everyday Lives of Single Women in their thirties or forties. We also presented some implications of these results on population education and future research.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.127-144
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• 2016

The purpose of the study was to investigate the self-esteem, appearance satisfaction, and clothing benefit pursuit the gap between subjective age and real age according to gender and age of middle-aged consumers. For the study, the questionnaire was developed by the authors and distributed to male and female consumers in their forties or fifties on september 1~10, 2014. A total of 470 questionnaires was collected and used for the final analysis. Data were analyzed by frequency analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA and Tukey's test, using the SPSS 18.0 Package Program. The findings were summarized as follows. There were significant differences in the subjective age of middle-aged consumers according to gender and age. Female consumers in their fifties perceived their subjective age to be younger than male consumers in forties and fifties. There were no significant differences in self-esteem among the groups according to gender and age. Significant differences were found in appearance satisfaction of male consumers in their fifties having higher appearance satisfaction than female consumers in their forties. There were significant differences in some factors of clothing pursuit benefits including pursuit of fashion, pursuit of youth, pursuit of rationale, pursuit of leisure, and pursuit of loyalty, among the groups according to gender and age with female consumers placing more importance on clothing-related benefits than their male counterparts. Local fashion businesses to consumers who target middle-aged consumers, this study can provide a basic data.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2010

Purpose: Anterior drawer and varus stress test are commonly used for radiologic evaluation of chronic lateral ankle instability. However, there are controversies regarding the method of measurement and the normal value. This study was performed to investigate radiologic normal values in normal Korean adults and to analyze differences by age and gender. Materials and Methods: Sixty Korean adults were recruited and divided in three groups (20 in their twenties, 20 in their thirties, 20 in their forties). There were 10 males and 10 females in each group. The selection criteria were no history of ankle injury and no evidence of instability on physical examination. Radiologic measurement of varus talar tilt and anterior talar translation were performed through anterior and varus stress radiographs using Telos device (150N force). The measurement was repeated twice by three researchers, and intraobserver reproducibility and interobserver reliability were analyzed. The average talar tilt and anterior talar translation were obtained. Results: Talar tilt and anterior talar translation on ankle stress radiographs had good intraobserver reproducibility and interobserver reliability. Talar tilt was average $3.7^{\circ}$ and $5.1^{\circ}$ in male and female of twenties of age, $3.9^{\circ}$ and $4.8^{\circ}$ in their thirties, $3.4^{\circ}$ and $4.5^{\circ}$ in their forties. Anterior talar translation was average 3.5 mm and 4.2 mm in their twenties, 4.1 mm and 3.8 mm in their thirties, 3.6 mm and 4.1 mm in their forties. There was no significant difference in talar tilt and anterior talar translation by age. However, there was significant difference in talar tilt by gender. Conclusion: Normal range of talar tilt angle in Korean adults was below $8.3^{\circ}$, and normal range of anterior talar translation was below 7.6 mm. It seems to be able to serve as a good reference for radiologic evaluation and for treatment of chronic lateral ankle instability.