• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.238-247
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to evaluate school dieticians' performance of nutritional quality control, and further to establish effective and objective standards of nutritional quality control. Data for this study came from 200 school dieticians' responses in the Chungbuk area. The total quality management (TQM)-based questionnaire was structured. The questionnaire consisted of the following four fields (1) performance of nutritional quality control, (2) performance of stepwise food production to maximize nutrient preservation rate, (3) management of documents and records related to nutritional quality control, and (4) other relating matters. The items of the questionnaire were measured on a five-point Likert scale which ranged from 'strongly agree' to 'strongly disagree'. First, the analysis indicated that school dieticians performed 'least' on human resource management', 'mediocre' on nutritional quality control, and best on 'leadership'. Second, the analysis on performance of stepwise food production to maximize nutrient preservation rate showed that dieticians considerably endeavored to maximize nutrients of cooked food, but it was found out that the most of nutrient destruction can be caused by heating during cooking. Third, the result showed that the systematic use of documents and records for nutritional quality control was not sufficiently accomplished, especially in the production phase of food. In addition, the measure by the Pearson correlation coefficient indicated that there was a significant relationship between performance of nutritional quality control and performance of stepwise food production to maximize nutrient preservation rate, and between performance of nutritional quality control and management of documents and records related to nutritional quality control. Finally, the findings of this study suggest that more effort should be exerted to carefully establish TQM-based standards for the improvement of nutritionary quality.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.60
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• pp.197-226
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• 2019

The objective of this study is to examine the effects of servant leadership of security martial arts instructors on the exercise commitment and training satisfaction of trainees. To achieve the objective of this study, the data was collected from 300 trainees of security martial arts gyms located in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi-do regions by using the convenience sampling method. Total 281 questionnaires were used for the analysis after excluding 19 questionnaires. Using the SPSS 23.0 for data-process, this study conducted the frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. First, all the variables showed positive(+) correlations. Second, the presentation of vision of instructors' servant leadership had positive(+) effects on the behavioral commitment while the devoted attitude of instructors' servant leadership had positive(+) effects on the cognitive commitment. Third, the presentation of vision, formation of community, and support for growth of instructors' servant leadership had positive(+) effects on the psychological elements while the presentation of vision and support for growth had positive(+) effects on the environmental elements. The presentation of vision and formation of community had positive(+) effects on the physical elements while the presentation of vision and formation of community had positive(+) effects on the educational elements. The presentation of vision, formation of community, and support for growth had positive(+) effects on the social elements. Fourth, both cognitive commitment and behavioral commitment out of trainees' exercise commitment had positive(+) effects on the psychological elements, environmental elements, physical elements, and educational elements of training satisfaction while only the cognitive commitment had positive(+) effects on the social elements. In summary, the security martial arts instructors should show the leadership like presentation of vision and devotion, and also try hard to satisfy the expectation in many areas to raise the exercise commitment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.309-322
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of science based on question-centered Havruta learning on the logical thinking and the science related attitude of elementary students. The number of participants were 93, 4 classes of 4th graders in G elementary school in C city. The experimental group, 2 classes including 46 participants, took science lessons based on question centered Havruta learning while the comparative group, 2 classes including 47 participants, took teacher-driven lessons using teacher's guidebook. Pre and post tests were done before and after executing lessons to assess the changing in each group's logical thinking and the science related attitude. And targeting experimental group, a perception survey toward Havruta learning was carried out and the results were arranged. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, the pre and post test results of logical thinking revealed that the experimental group showed higher improvement compared to the comparative group and the difference was meaningful. This implies that question centered Havruta classe has the effect of improving students' logical thinking. Second, from the pre and post test results of the science related attitude, we saw that the experimental group showed higher improvement compared to the comparative group and the difference was meaningful. This confirms that question centered Havruta class has the effect of improving students' science related attitude. Third, the survey regarding perspectives of experimental group students toward Havruta learning showed that students had a high satisfaction level.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2016

This study was carried out to assess the carbon budget of two urban parks and one natural park and to prepare the plan for improving the ecological functions of the park including carbon sink. Net Ecosystem Production (NEP) of those study sites was calculated from the relationship between Net Primary Production (NPP) and soil respiration of each study site. To understand carbon budget of the whole area designated as the park, carbon budget of the urban park was analyzed by classifying the vegetated and the non-vegetated zones. NEP of the Nohae and the Sanggye parks calculated by reflecting areal size that the non-vegetated zones occupy were shown in -1.0 and $0.6\;ton\;C\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$, respectively. On the other hand, NEP of Mt. Bulam natural park as a reference site was in $2.3\;ton\;C\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$. Based on the result, the Nohae park was assessed as carbon source rather than carbon sink. On the other hand, the Sanggye park was classified as carbon sink but the role was poor compared with natural park. The result is, first of all, due to lower NPP of the vegetation introduced for the parks compared with natural vegetation. The other reason is due to wide arrangement of non-vegetated zone. To solve those problems and thereby to create the urban park with high ecological quality, selection of plant species suitable for the ecological characteristic of the park, their arrangement imitated natural vegetation, and ecological zoning were recommended.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.251-268
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• 2016

The present study has the purpose of analyzing the relationship between entrepreneurial characteristics and success factors of small-scale start-up founders as well as the relationship between success factors and performances of start-up businesses. It is also aimed in this study to determine the structural effects of start-up founders' characteristic upon their performances and by thus, to provide those who prepare for and/or have been operating start-up business with suggestions for stable and successful start-up as well operation. The study resulted in the following outcomes: First, the analysis of the relationship between characteristics and success factors of start-up business found that the empirical characteristics of small-scale start-up business founders might influence every factor for their success including the financial conditions as well as management of shops, products and service. Their psychological characteristics, however, turned out to have influence upon the management of products and service only, but not upon the financial conditions and management of shops, a result implying that the higher desire and creativity small-scale start-up business founders have, the more probable the start-up businesses become successful. Second it was learned from the analysis of the relationship between success factors and performances of start-up businesses that such success factors of start-ups as financial conditions as well as management of shops, products and service could exercise impact upon their performances, signifying that the exact decision making of small-scale start-up founders might affect the performances of small-scale start-up businesses. Third, the analysis of the relationship between entrepreneurial characteristics and performances of start-up founders revealed that both empirical and psychological characteristics of start-up founders might have influence upon the performances of start-up businesses, leading to the conclusion that small-scale start-up founders could achieve higher performances in their start-up when they are highly aware of empirical and psychological characteristics for start-up as part of entrepreneurial characteristics.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.543-562
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• 2010

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the error happening in the process of solving the simultaneous inequality with two unknown qualities and to propose the correct teaching method. We first introduce a problem about the simultaneous inequality with two unknown qualities. And we will see the solution which a student offers. Finally we propose the correct teaching method by analyzing the error happening in the process of solving the simultaneous inequality with two unknown qualities. The cause of the error are a wrong conception which started with the process of solving the simultaneous equality with two unknown qualities and an insufficient curriculum in connection with the simultaneous inequality with two unknown qualities. Especially we can find out the problem that the students don't look the interrelation between two valuables when they solve the simultaneous inequality with two unknown qualities. Therefore we insist that we must teach students looking the interrelation between two valuables when they solve the simultaneous inequality with two unknown qualities.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.24-37
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• 2012

In this study, Community Garden of various national and international practices trends to an advanced research, the concept of community garden participated with a group operation out of initiative to produce safety food while securing space for the community, ensuring the area that has gone through a new form of active secure urban green space plan, urban renewal movement was defined as the mean. Furthermore, for the purpose of improving the poor welfare environment by attempting to experimentally make a community garden of a disabled welfare house rooftop and how to target its planning and construction process, partnership involvement, business processes have been investigated, such as cost sharing. The whole process including a budget for development of this case was conducted by the Busan Green Trust. Standard Chartered (SC) First Bank's 50% fund share by community chest, participation of volunteers, support of Busan City and Saba-gu, outside of that, sharing parts or trial to participate by diverse partnership of enterprise, public corporation and laboratory, these are the key in developing community garden's model. Established community garden places resulted food production to users of welfare center for the disabled, participating urban agricultural experience program, horticultural therapy, complex community chapter and cultural center. Furthermore, we could find the meaning of rooftop community garden in the point that it is a low cost garden by applying movable and unmovable planters. This study is profitable for improving urban environment, ensuring community chapter and urban green areas, regenerating a city to develop experimental community garden model by using a welfare house rooftop.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.439-450
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• 2015

This study objects to find characteristics in chemical tanker markets and to determine optimal chemical tanker size using a total shipping cost in main trading route of asia chemical tankers .Precedent studies of determination of the optimal ship size and case studies about chemical tankers was carried out and tried to introduce a cost model which is applicable to chemical tanker. This study is dependant on numerical analysis and involves scenario analysis to minimize sensitivity of results. This analysis shows as follows. First, 12,000DWT tanker is an optimal size on the 'Far East-Middle East' services, 9,000DWT tanker is a most competitive on the 'Far East-South East Asia' services and 3,000DWT tanker is a most economic size on the 'Inner Far East' services at average market situation. Second, the bigger size of chemical tanker, the more competitive advantage the tanker will obtain when bunker fuel prices rise. Small size ship gets more competitive during bunker prices down. Third, market fluctuation of time charter rate for chemical tanker is less than 20% against its average time charter hire which means less volatile. And tanker's competitiveness per each size is remained mostly same when time charterer rates rise at same proportion. Fourth, bigger size chemical tankers have cost advantages when tanker's quantity of each part cargo increase. And small-sized tanks are more competitive when part cargo scales decrease. For the last, ship's port stay strongly influences on the determination of the optical tanker size. When vessel has shorter port stay, bigger-sized tanker will be more competitive and even can be competitive if applies in short voyage as well.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.217-225
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• 2009

As Pain is a comprehensive, biopsy chosocial phenomenon, improved understanding and successful management of pain need assessment of health-related quality of life and psychological states. The purpose of this study was to evaluate pain severity and pain-related interference to daily lives for patients with non-dental, orofacial pain(OFP) and a possible relation of OFP with psychological morbidity. Relation with such factors as gender, age, pain duration and diagnosis was also assessed. Inclusion criteria was all new patients with non-dental OFP attending the oral medicine.orofacial pain clinic of Dankook University Dental Hospital over 3 months' period, who completed the questionnaires of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Prior to the first consultation, the patients were asked to fill out the questionnaire in the waiting room and were diagnosed through consultation and clinical examination. Total subjects were 163 with M:F ratio of 1:1.5 and mean age of 34.6${\pm}$17.7 years. Mean duration of pain was 13.3${\pm}$26.2 months and all patients were divided into; Trigeminal Neuralgia group (TN, N=8), Neuropathic Pain group (NeP, N=9), Persistent Idiopathic Facial Pain group (PIFP, N=8), and Temporomandibular Disorders group (TMD, N=138), subdivided into muscle problem (TMD-m, N=73), joint problem (TMD-j, N=24) and muscle-joint combined problem (TMD-c, N=41). OFP patients showed moderate pain severity and moderate pain-related interference. There was no gender difference in overall pain severity and interference and levels of anxiety and depression. Elderly patients aged ${\geq}$ 60 years showed higher pain severity (p<0.05). Patients with chronic pain ${\geq}$ 3 months reported more increased level of anxiety and depression than those with acute pain (p<0.05). Compared to TMD patients, patients with TN, NeP and PIFP suffered from higher level of pain and pain-related interference and reported higher level of anxiety and depression (p<0.05). Pain interference was closely correlated with their pain severity and with psychometric properties such as anxiety and depression. Pain severity was weakly correlated with levels of anxiety and depression. The results suggest a need for psychosocial assessment and support for successful management of OFP in addition to control of pain itself.

• 재활복지
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.221-244
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• 2013

This study made an exploratory verification targeting severely-disabled persons on how self-determination right and empowerment of the factors organizing independent living affect community relation and productivity of the disabled. For the foregoing, this study collected data for about 2months from May through July 2012 targeting the disabled using Center for Independent Living and the Center for Human Right of the Disabled. As a result of research, this study revealed First, the level of self-determination right of the disabled differed meaningfully depending on the variables such as age, academic ability, existence of spouse, receiving pension, monthly income, residential type, time of occurrence of disability and disability rating, and in the level of empowerment, it showed a meaningful difference according to the factors like academic ability and disability rating. Second, the level of formation of community relation differed meaningfully according to the variables such as age, academic ability, existence of spouse, residential type, time of occurrence of disability, disability rating etc., and the level of productivity showed a meaningful difference according to the variables such as academic ability, existence of spouse, receiving pension, monthly income, multiple disabilities, disability rating etc. Third, as a result of investigation on the effect of self-determination right and empowerment of the disabled on their community relation, both self-determination right and empowerment turned out to have a meaningful and positive (+) effect on the community relation of the disabled. Fourth, as a result of investigation on the effect of self-determination right and empowerment of the disabled on their productivity, this study found that only the variable of empowerment exercises a meaningful and positive (+) influence on the productivity of the disabled. Therefore, self-determination right and empowerment are considered an important variable for enabling them to enjoy independent living in the future by strengthening community relation and productivity of the disabled. For this, it is required to fulfill social welfare and recognize the significance of self-determination right and empowerment in the process of rehabilitation, and develop as well as revitalize a variety of programs related to the above.