• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.109-140
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• 2016

The primary objective of this study was to classify different family values and to examine how university students' perceptions of childbirth differ according to the types of family values. The sample for this study consisted of 601 university students living in the cities of Seoul, Incheon, and the Gyeonggi province. The data were collected using structured questionnaires distributed through an online survey. Descriptive statistics including frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation and cluster analysis, One-Way ANOVA and $X^2$ test are applied to analyze the data. The major results of this study are as follows: 1. The values of the university students regarding marriage, children, and familism were used as parameters to categorize the different types of family values on the cluster analysis. The results of the cluster analysis showed that the university students' family values could be classified into three types; "family-centered values", "individual-centered values", and "familism children-centered value". 2. The family values of the university students differed according to each student's gender, age, religion, socioeconomic status, gender-role attitude, and relationships with his or her father and or mother. 3. On average, the number of children that the students would like to have in the future is higher than the number of children that they actually plan to have. 4. The students' perceptions of family planning and low birthrate circumstances differed according to their family values. The university students categorized as having "family-centered values" planned to have the highest number of children in the future and thought that the low birthrate was a very serious issue, whereas the students with "individual-centered values" planned to have the lowest the number of children in the future. 5. To conclude the study, recommendations were made for the government to improve the low birthrate and for facilitate further research regarding this issue.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2004

This study investigates the history and principles of Korean traditional Taekyo by literary research. Taekyo is compared with prenatal care of modern western medicine, and its principles turn out to be just as scientific. Suggestions are made for a nurse to apply Taekyo principles to nursing care. Traditional Taekyo is an antenatal training which emphasizes how an expectant mother should carry herself (behavior) and a frame of mind she should have (her attitude) in order to produce a child with sound mind and body, as well as good personality. Though Taekyo has been originated in China 2,800 years ago, it has been recorded comprehensively in Korea in a series of publications such as Taekyoshingi, and Kyuhapchongseo, and passed on in a various verbal transitions like Samtaedo, Oliltaedo, etc. Taekyo principles can be explained by yin and yang theory, quantum theory, chaos theory, fetal programming, and social support theory. Some part of Taekyo shares the same scientific ground with prenatal care advocated by modern nursing care for women, where it emphasizes the role of a father, and participation of the whole family in helping an expectant mother. Applying Taekyo principles to nursing care is being done through Taekyo programs, which combine traditional Taekyo with modern prenatal care, in classes for child birth and many pregnant women participate. On the other hand, some internet Taekyo programs appear to be rather distorted and overzealous. A nurse has a responsibility to present a guideline and to monitor internet sites, so that pregnant women can understand the correct concept of traditional Taekyo before they practice it.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2010

The early Joseon era was a period when various medical systems were established and many medical literatures were published. Hwang Ja-hu(黃子厚) was a civil minister and medical professional who worked hard for maintaining government administrative system and medical regime during the Taejong and Sejong reign. Hwang Ja-hu followed his father and made MiReukWon(彌勒院) prosperous for the homeless people around Chungcheong-do Hoedeok. Hwang Ja-hu was talented in policy development as a government official. He was also learned in medicine, thus always doubled as head of JeonUiGam(典醫監). Hwang Ja-hu reformed the irrationalities in medical regime. He legalized JeonUiGam duties such as the presenting of the medicine or the preparation of the medicine and had the doctors take charge. He also suggested training acupuncture specialists(鍼灸專門醫). Hwang Ja-hu played a leading role in spreading HyangYak(鄕藥) throughout the country and reissuing [HyangYakGuGeupBang(鄕藥救急方)] due to personal philanthropism and service. He tried to defeat illnesses by letting the common people understand the symptoms and use medicine accordingly. Also he intended [HyangYakGuGeupBang(鄕藥救急方)] which was written focused on 'easiness book'(簡易方), 'experience book'(經驗方) to be used for the common people because [HyangYakJipSungBang(鄕藥集成方)] was made up a huge volume andused for training medical professionals and for accumulating knowledge. Hwang Ja-hu pursed subdivision of medical systems and specialization of medicine but also promoted medical rights. We should continue to discover and introduce medical figures who understood medicine and improved the medical systems.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.120-122
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• 2002

A 9-year-old boy of B blood group with end-stage renal disease due to IgA nephropathy received group O kidney transplantation from his father On day 9, he developed intravascular hemolysis, and anti-B autoantibody formation was confirmed. We diagnosed as immune hemolytic anemia due to passenger lymphocyte from donor, and cyclosporine withdrawl was done. Anemia resolved spontaneously, but on day 18, graft dysfunction developed, and graft biopsy revealed acute allograft rejection. Although hemolysis due to autoantibody is very rare and often mild, and the role of hemoglobinuria on acute rejection in this case is not certain, we recommend consideration of aggressive management on severe hemolysis after minor mismatched kidney transplantation. (J Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 2002 ; 6 : 120-2)

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2004

Purpose: Adolescence is viewed as a critical period in the formation of health behavior and many health behaviors developed during this era persist into adulthood. Social-cognitive theory, self-efficacy as a central construct, has been used to predict and intervene the health behavioral patterns in adolescent. Previous research demonstrated that the attachment in childhood and self-esteem as psychosocial factors are predictors of the health efficacy in adolescent and it is viewed as solely an antecedent for the lifelong health behavior. Method: To investigate the path pattern of attachment in childhood, self-esteem and health efficacy in adolescents, 381 adolescents in high school from two urban cities in Korea were recruited for cross-sectional sample. Attachment in childhood was measured using Mother-Father-Peer Scale. Self esteem was measured with Hare self esteem. Perceived self efficacy in Health was measured by the School Health Efficacy Questionnaire. The path analysis revealed a significant relationship between attachment in childhood and self-esteem, self-esteem and health efficacy in adolescents. Self esteem was the strongest contributing factor for health efficacy in adolescent. The results suggest that attachment in childhood may aid in formulating positive self -esteem in adolescents and self-esteem played a major role in predicting health efficacy in adolescents. Conclusion: Therefore, self-esteem enrichment should be incorporated with adolescent health promotion and certainly should be a component in any health education program in school health program and interventions. These results have implications of psychosocial and family related factors on health promotion and health education for the health care provider with regard to primary and secondary prevention in adolescent population.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.191-214
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate variables which have an influence on young children's peer interactions. The data of 966 4-year-old children and their parents and class teachers were extracted from the 5th Panel Study on Korean Children in 2012 by Korea Institute of Child Care and Education. The data were analyzed by means of ANOVA, Pearson's coefficient and multiple regression. The results were as follows: First, boys' play disruption and play disconnection were higher than girls', and girls' play interaction was higher than boys'. Second, sociability and activity of temperament, and teacher-child interaction were related to peer disruption. Third, teacher-child interaction and sociability of temperament significantly affected play interaction. Controlling parenting behavior of the mother was positively related to peer interaction in girls. Fourth, teacher-child interaction, sociability and emotionality of temperament significantly affected play disconnection. Social parenting behavior of the father was negatively related to play disconnection in boys. Lastly, teacher-child interaction was the clearest indicator for young children' peer interactions. These findings suggested a potential role of the teacher in young children's peer interactions.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.469-476
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• 2006

Objectives : To investigate the effect of parents' social class on infant and child mortality rates among the birth cohort, for the period of transition to and from the Koran economic crisis 1995-2004. Methods : All births reported to between 1995 and 2004 (n=5,711,337) were analyzed using a Cox regression model, to study the role of the social determinants of parents in infant and child mortality. The results were adjusted for the parents' age, education and occupation, together with mother's obstetrical history. Results. The crude death rate among those under 10 was 3.71 per 1000 births (21,217 deaths among 5,711,337 births) between 1995 and 2004. The birth cohorts from lower educated parents less than elementary school showed higher mortality rates compared with those from higher educated parents over university level (HR:3.0 (95%CI:2.8-3.7) for father and HR:3.4 (95%CI:3.3-4.5) for mother). The mother's education level showed a stronger relationship with mortality among the birth cohort than that of the fathers. The gaps in infant mortality rates by parents' social class, and educational level became wider from 1995 to 2004. In particular, the breadth of the existing gap between higher and lower parents' social class groups has dramatically widened since the economic crisis of 1998. Discussions : This study shows that social differences exist in infant and child mortality rates. Also, the gap for the infant mortality due to social class has become wider since the economic crisis of 1998.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.85-108
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• 2007

This article analyzes the formative factors of the basic job skills(also the ability of computer using) and the economic effects of the basic job skills in Korea. This article uses the ALL(Adult Literacy and Life Skills) 2005 data in Korea. The factors which form the basic job skills are school years, father's education. Women are under men in the ability of computer using. The older a man grow, the more basic job skills he has, but the less ability of computer using he has. The employees in office worker or new service industry have more using computer ability than them in sales worker or manufacture industry. The wage effects of the basic job skills are insignificant, and the economic effects of basic job skills appear apparently in the entry into the good jobs. As the basic job skills can play a important role to enter into the good jobs, the policy agenda should make deal with the methods and programs through which the people without basic job skills must have the opportunities to get a lifelong learning for the basic job skills.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.67-77
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• 1986

The research was carried out in order to assess, at an early stage, the potential barrier in mother-child relationship in the childs' development by using the screening tool. Consequently, after modifying the Neonatal Perception Inventory developed by Broussard and testing its reliability. It has been applied to 152 mothers at the hospital of three universities in Seoul from August 1 to September 30, 1986. The data was analyzed by S.P.S.S. pro-gram and the results were as follows: 1) Mothers perceived the newborn as an individual, and evaluated their baby higher than other babies. 2) Mothers indicated difficulties in their role performance in the fellowing order-bathing, safety, detecting pain or suffering, and feeding. 3) Mothers' perception of a newborn was positive for 75% of the mothers. 4) The factor analysis of the modified tool using principal components analysis and Varimax rotation resulted in the two factors: Factor 1, Baby as an individual: Factor Ⅱ, Performances are required to meet the new-born's needs. 5) The difference in mothers' individual characteristics such as the number of childbirth, the desire to get pregnant or not, the type of deli-very, and the sex of the newborn did not influence on a mothers' perception of her newborn. As seen above, most of the mothers perceived their newborns as able individuals and expressed difficulties involved in taking care of the newborn. Also most of the mothers perceived their babies positively. My point here is, we ought to observe those mothers who perceive their babies negatively, and then compare them with those mothers who perceive their babies extremely positive or extremely negative. In the future, for more comprehensive assessment tool for maternal perception of the newborn, a repetitive verification and modification of this tool is demanded. At the same time, father's perception of the newborn should be included.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.14-27
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• 2008

This study examined the illustrations in the elementary school textbooks which was followed by identifying the parts that displayed gender-discriminating elements or traditional gender roles. The research results are as follows: 1) The ratio of man and woman in the figures appearing in those illustrations was 1.33:1, which means there were more men than women in the illustrations and that there was no balance in the gender distribution among the figures. 2) Male figures were presented as the protagonists in 39.7% of the illustrations, female figures in 25.5%, and both male and female figures in 34.8%. The results indicate that there were much more illustrations in which men were the protagonists than those in which women were. 3) The occupations of the adults in the illustrations were analyzed. As a result, the ratio of man and woman with a job was about 2:1, which implies that there were twice as many male professionals than female ones. Men had over 60 kinds of occupations and women had only 45 kinds of occupations with 59.5% of them concentrated in four jobs including teaching, farming and fishing, doing artistic works, and selling things. 4) The case analysis results of the illustrations in the textbooks demonstrate that the traditional gender roles of a father and mother were followed and that there were gender stereotypes in describing the characteristics of man and woman. Gender dichotomy was observed in the vocations. Men were the leading players in economic, political, and cultural activities, and most of the historical figures were men. Meanwhile, women were depicted as the subjects of economic activities and completely isolated and alienated from political, historical, and cultural activities. It turned out that the figures of the illustrations in the current elementary school textbooks had gender discriminating elements and profoundly reflected the stereotypes for gender roles.