• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제64권4호
• /
• pp.447-451
• /
• 2021

In this study, we discovered for the first time that linarin, a flavonoid compound, enhances melanin biosynthesis in B16F10 cells, and subsequently elucidated the underlying mechanism of linarin-induced melanogenesis. Linarin showed no cytotoxicity at a concentration of 42 μM and significantly increased intracellular tyrosinase activity and melanin content in B16F10 cells. Mechanistic analysis showed that linarin increased the expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) that are related to melanogenesis. Moreover, linarin decreased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B (AKT). Finally, we evaluated the effect of the structure-activity relationship of linarin and its aglycone on melanogenesis. The results indicated that linarin enhances the expression of melanogenic proteins by activating MITF expression via the modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and protein kinase B signaling pathways in B16F10 cells, thereby enhancing melanogenesis.

• 대한수학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.679-688
• /
• 1995

Let $(B, \left\$\mid$ \right\$\mid$)$ be a real separable Banach space. Let $(\Omega, F, P)$ denote a probability space. A random elements in B is a function from $\Omega$ into B which is $F$-measurable with respect to the Borel $\sigma$-field $B$(B) in B.

• 충청수학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.187-204
• /
• 2011

B. C. Carlson [Some extensions of Lardner's relations between $_0F_3$ and Bessel functions, SIAM J. Math. Anal. 1(2) (1970), 232-242] presented several useful relations between Bessel and generalized hypergeometric functions that generalize some earlier results. Here, by simply splitting Srivastava's hypergeometric function $H_B$ into eight parts, we show how some useful and generalized relations between Srivastava's hypergeometric functions $H_B$ and $F^{(3)}$ can be obtained. These main results are shown to be specialized to yield certain relations between functions $_0F_1$, $_1F_1$, $_0F_3$, ${\Psi}_2$, and their products including different combinations with different values of parameters and signs of variables. We also consider some other interesting relations between the Humbert ${\Psi}_2$ function and $Kamp\acute{e}$ de $F\acute{e}riet$ function, and between the product of exponential and Bessel functions with $Kamp\acute{e}$ de $F\acute{e}riet$ functions.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제25권12호
• /
• pp.1997-2006
• /
• 2015

Ginsenoside Rg3 is a bioactive ginseng constituent that has been reported to have diverse pathological and physiological effects, including anti-inflammatory and anti-metastatic activities. Metastasis is one of the most important factors involved in patients with melanoma. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-metastatic activities of Rg3 in malignant melanoma cancer has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we have evaluated that Rg3 effectively inhibits metastasis of B16F10 melanoma cancer cells. We found that Rg3 significantly suppresses the migration, invasion, wound healing, and colony-forming abilities of B16F10 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that Rg3 suppresses B16F10 cell metastasis by inhibiting MMP-13 expression. These results indicate that Rg3 suppresses the metastasis of B16F10 mouse melanoma cancer cells via MMP-13 regulation. Importantly, MMP-13 downregulation may influence the migration and invasion capabilities of melanoma cells and has been correlated with melanoma progression. Therefore, Rg3 is a potential therapeutic candidate that could be used to treat patients with metastatic melanoma.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제46권1호
• /
• pp.75-80
• /
• 2002

Quercetin is one of the bioflavonoid compounds and has multiple biological effects such as antioxidant and effective anti-inflammatory agent. Melanin has an important role in protecting human skin from the damaging effects of ultra-violet W) radiation. We studied the effect of quercetin on proliferation of B16/F10 melanoma cells. After 48h treatment of cells with quercetin, the cells exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition in their proliferation without apoptosis. Therefore, the decrease in cell numbers may be due to cell growth arrest, not due to cell death by cytotoxicity. We also investigated the effect of quercetin on melanogenesis of this cells. B16/F10 melanoma cells were grown for 48h in the presence of 0.01~50$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml quercetin and the total melanin contents were measured. Quercetin stimulated melanization of the cells in low concentrations (0.01~20$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml), whereas it inhibited melanization in high concentrations (30~50$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml). It was observed that quercetin differently regulates melanogenesis of B16/F10 melanoma cells dependent on its concentrations.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.17-25
• /
• 2024

This study is to use B.F. certification standards to identify the application and differences of B.F. facilities according to various approaches, and to use the analysis results as basic data for the expansion and renovation of new facilities, the National University (Jeonnam University Library), which underwent remodeling before the implementation of the certification system, and the two newly established private universities (Joseon University Library) that were subject to legal application before the implementation of the certification system. First, Chosun University met more B.F. certification standards than Chonnam National University, and mainly intermediary facilities belonged to the best to the best. Second, Chosun University and Chonnam National University's internal facilities met many B.F. certification standards, and Chonnam National University had many areas to improve and found areas to remodel. Third, information facilities at Chonnam National University and Chosun University only had facilities for the hearing impaired, and there were no information facilities for the visually impaired. Facilities for the visually impaired had to be installed, and compared to Chosun University, Chonnam National University fell short of the B.F. certification standard, so there were many areas that needed to be remodeled.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.65-80
• /
• 2010

In [17, 18], the fuzzy stability problems for the Cauchy additive functional equation and the Jensen additive functional equation in fuzzy Banach spaces have been investigated. In this paper, we prove the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of the following quadratic functional equations in fuzzy Banach spaces: (0.1) f(x + y) + f(x - y) = 2f(x) + 2f(y), (0.2) f(ax + by) + f(ax - by) = $2a^2 f(x)\;+\;2b^2f(y)$ for nonzero real numbers a, b with $a\;{\neq}\;{\pm}1$.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.22-31
• /
• 2019

Purpose: To develop a new diffusion-based functional MRI (fMRI) sequence to generate apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps in single excitation and evaluate the contribution of b0 signal on neuronal changes. Materials and Methods: A diffusion-based fMRI sequence was designed with single measurement that can acquire images of three directions at a time, obtaining $b=0s/mm^2$ during the first baseline condition (b0_b), followed by 107 diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with $b=600s/mm^2$ during the baseline and visual stimulation conditions, and another $b=0s/mm^2$ during the last activation condition (b0_a). ADC was mapped in three different ways: 1) using b0_b (ADC_b) for all time points, 2) using b0_a (ADC_a) for all time points, and 3) using b0_b and b0_a (ADC_ba) for baseline and stimulation scans, respectively. The fMRI studies were conducted on the brains of 16 young healthy volunteers using visual stimulations in a 3T MRI system. In addition, the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fMRI was also acquired to compare it with diffusion-based fMRI. A sample t-test was used to investigate the voxel-wise average between the subjects. Results: The BOLD data consisted of only activated voxels. However, ADC_ba data was observed in both deactivated and activated voxels. There were no statistically significant activated or deactivated voxels for DWI, ADC_b, and ADC_a. Conclusions: With the new sequence, neuronal activations can be mapped with visual stimulation as compared to the baseline condition in several areas in the brain. We showed that ADC should be mapped using both DWI and b0 images acquired with the same conditions.

• 한국광학회지
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.201-213
• /
• 1995

전자빔여기 XeF$(C\rightarrowA$ 엑시며 레이저의 상준위 B-와 C-상태에 대하여 충동혼합 운동과정을 포함하는 모델을 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션하여 이의 출력특성을 해석하였다 $XeF^*(B)$ 의 수밀도에 관련되는 $XeF^*(C)$의 형성에 대하여 레이저 에너지를 실험치와 비교하였다. 이 결과는 70ns[FWHM]의 전자빔(800kV, 21kA)을 사용한 대기압 매질에서 매우 좋은 일치$(28.5 mJ\pm5%)$를 보였고, $Xe/F_2/Ar=5.26/0.49/94.28%$의 최적화된 가스혼합비를 확인하였다. 또한 시뮬레이션으로 $XeF^*(C)$의 형성경로, $XeF^*(C)$의 완화경로, 청록색 파장대역의 흡수경로에 대한 $F_2$ 할로겐 도우너 및 Xe 압력의 함수관계를 조사하였다.

• 정보보호학회논문지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.3-11
• /
• 2011

$F_{3^m}$에서의 Tate 페어링 또는 ${\eta}_T$ 페어링 알고리즘 계산을 위하여 효율적인 세제곱근 계산은 매우 중요하다. $x^{1/3}$의 다항식 표현 중 0이 아닌 계수들의 개수를 $x^{1/3}$의 헤밍웨이트라 할 때, 이 헤밍웨이트가 세제곱근 연산의 효율성을 결정하게 된다. O. Ahmadi 등은 $f(x)=x^m+ax^k+b$ (a, $b{\in}F_3$)가 $F_3[x]$의 삼항 기약다항식이라 할 때, $F_{3^m}=F_3[x]/(f)$을 생성하는 모든 삼항 기약다항식에 대하여 $x^{1/3}$의 헤밍웨이트를 계산하였다. 본 논문에서는 Shifted Polynomial Basis(SPB)가 기존의 결과보다 $x^{1/3}$의 헤밍웨이트를 낮출 수 있음을 보이며, 모듈로 감산 연산이 필요 없는 가장 적합한 SPB를 제공한다.