• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.331-350
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• 2011

Advances in computer technology enabled us to simulate the integrated effects of various geomorphic processes on landscape evolution. This review introduces a theoretical framework for 2-dimensional numerical landscape evolution models (NLEMs) which have recently been used for various research purposes. In particular much attention is paid to the approaches deployed to model major geomorphic processes on a geological time scale in previous research. NLEMs can simulate landscape evolution by numerically solving the partial differential equation which represents the relationship among the geomorphic system components (GSCs). Simple process specifications of the relationships among GSCs on a long-term time scale in terms of quantification and attempts to combine processes represent the initial research on NLEMs. Later researchers have taken these simple NLEMs and elaborated on them. Introducing the theories of NLEMs in this review is expected to help researchers trying to utilize or develop NLEMs.

• Journal of Public Diplomacy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2022

Throughout the six decades evolution of the public diplomacy concept, international relations approaches have remained at the margins of the field. An important international relations theory that has been virtually non-existent in the public diplomacy literature is the English School of international relations. This theory has been the centerpiece of literature in diplomatic studies, but curiously, has not been applied to public diplomacy. In this editorial, I outline a public diplomacy framework for global governance issues that builds on the English School and Pamment's framework on the intersection of international development and public diplomacy.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.379-403
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• 2012

In recent years, the need for optimal design of structures under time-history loading aroused great attention in researchers. The main problem in this field is the extremely high computational demand of time-history analyses, which may convert the solution algorithm to an illogical one. In this paper, a new framework is developed to solve the size optimization problem of steel truss structures subjected to ground motions. In order to solve this problem, the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy algorithm is employed for the optimization procedure, while a generalized regression neural network is utilized as a meta-model for fitness approximation. Moreover, the computational cost of time-history analysis is decreased through a wavelet analysis. Capability and efficiency of the proposed framework is investigated via two design examples, comprising of a tower truss and a footbridge truss.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.12 s.159
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• pp.1661-1671
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• 2006

Many researchers have studied the process of retail evolution in the United States and in Europe. Although extensively studied(e.g., Agergaard, Olsen & Allpass, 1970; Oren, 1989), used in conceptual work(e.g., Cist, 1968), and applied as foundation in empirical work(e.g., HcNair, 1958), some limitations exist as follows: inability to cover multiple types of retail institutions and limited quantification. The purpose of this study is to build a conceptual framework combining existing retail evolution theories to overcome existing limitations. Data collection and analysis followed a qualitative research design, specifically a grounded theory type of design with a constant comparative analysis method. As a result of the study, a conceptual framework was built by synthesizing aspects of retail evolution theories and showed retail institution types in a change process.

• IE interfaces
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2006

In this paper, we explore the ubiquitous system that provides new business opportunities in the context of digital convergence. Exploiting the value network of the proposed ubiquitous system, we analyze strategic market drivers that define the speed and direction of the evolution path for ubiquitous industries. Motivated by the dynamic growth of ubiquitous industry, we design a set of ubiquitous business models that pave the way for firms to identify profitable business cases. In addition, we analyze the evolution path of the proposed business model such that the model can be implemented in the life-cycle of ubiquitous industry. Futhermore, we develop a modeling framework for selecting a suitable business model and for evaluating the performance of the selected business model.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.25-39
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• 2006

Most student misconceptions about evolution are similar to misconceptions and disputes which early scientists had in science history. The aim of this study was to analyze student evolution conceptions based on science history, there by revealing for effectively teaching strategies on evolution. A test was developed according to Lee's three dimensional framework (2004) on evolution concept changes. Lee's framework had been constructed according to 4 stages of evolution concept changes in history in three-dimensional aspects such as mechanism, time, and subject: before Lamarck (stage 1), Lamarck (stage 2), Darwin (stage 3), and after Darwin (stage 4). Major results were as follows. First, the evolution conceptions of students appeared fixed to stage 2 regardless of grade. Moreover, students usually possessed Lamarckian thought and did not show consistency in evolution concepts among the three dimensional aspects of mechanism, time, and subject. Therefore, students were found to apply different conceptions of evolution to each different situation.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.355-379
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• 2021

This study examined the evolution of S&T Basic Acts in Korea from the Science and Technology Promotion Act (1967) through the Special Act on STI (1997) to the Framework Act on Science and Technology (2001) in the following aspects: 1) comprehensive plans, 2) coordination mechanisms for S&T policies, 3) enforcement of R&D programs and performance diffusion, 4) promotion of human resources, 5) and S&T investment and budgeting. Before the Framework Act on S&T was enacted in 2001, critical issues were found in establishing S&T master plans, promotion of R&D programs, comprehensive coordination mechanisms, and R&D budgeting. The three Basic Acts have expanded the scope of regulation over time to cover the entire cycle of the S&T process. They concern a wide range of issues, including creating a basis for scientific and technological development, S&T promotion, disseminating and commercializing research outcomes, and preventing adverse effects from science and technology. The content of the Basic Acts has evolved in response to changes in the political, economic, and social environment of Korean industry during the past five decades.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.185-188
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• 2005

This paper suggests a control method for efficient topology/parameter evolution in a bond-graph-based GP design framework that automatically synthesizes designs for multi-domain, lumped parameter dynamic systems, We adopt a hierarchical breeding control mechanism with fitness-level-dependent differences to obtain better balancing of topology/parameter search - biased toward topological changes at low fitness levels, and toward parameter changes at high fitness levels. As a testbed for this approach, an eigenvalue assignment problem, which is to find bond graph models exhibiting minimal distance errors from target sets of eigenvalues, was tested and showed improved performance for various sets of eigenvalues.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.53.2-53.2
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• 2021

Quasar luminosity function (QLF) shows the active galactic nucleus (AGN) demography as a result of the combination of the growth and the evolution of black holes, galaxies, and dark matter halos along the cosmic time. The recent wide and deep surveys have improved the census of high-redshift quasars, making it possible to construct reliable ultraviolet (UV) QLFs at 2 < z < 6 down to M1450 = -23 mag. By parameterizing these up-to-date observed UV QLFs that are the most extensive in both luminosity and survey area coverage at a given redshift, we show that the UV QLF has a universal shape, and their evolution can be approximated by a pure density evolution (PDE). In order to explain the observed QLF, we construct a model QLF employing the halo mass function, a number of empirical scaling relations, and the Eddington ratio distribution. We also include the outshining of AGN over its host galaxy, which made it possible to reproduce a moderately flat shape of the faint end of the observed QLF (slope of ~ -1.1). This model successfully explains the observed PDE behavior of UV QLF at z > 2, meaning that the QLF evolution at high redshift can be understood under the framework of halo mass function evolution. The importance of the outshining effect in our model also implies that there could be a hidden population of faint AGNs (M1450 > -24 mag), which are buried under their host galaxy light.

• Proceedings of the CALSEC Conference
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• 2005.03a
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• pp.215-220
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• 2005

For widespread adoption for the RFID technology, RFID middleware is considered as the key enabler of the RFID evolution while it manages the flow of data between tag readers and enterprise applications and is responsible for the quality, and therefore usability, of the information. In this paper, we introduce the recent researches and developments of RFID middleware and explain the software framework of the RFID middleware which is currently developed in ETRI. In conclusion, our experiences with the current implementation are presented