• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.451-456
• /
• 2014

A compact model of a depletion-mode silicon-nanowire (Si-NW) pH sensor is proposed. This drain current model is obtained from the Pao-Sah integral and the continuous charge-based model, which is derived by applying the parabolic potential approximation to the Poisson's equation in the cylindrical coordinate system. The threshold-voltage shift in the drain-current model is obtained by solving the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation for the electrolyte. The simulation results obtained from the proposed drain-current model for the Si-NW field-effect transistor (SiNWFET) agree well with those of the three-dimensional (3D) device simulation, and those from the Si-NW pH sensor model also agree with the experimental data.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제33권7호
• /
• pp.823-831
• /
• 1996

Due to the intrinsic low surface activation of ${\gamma}$-alumina it has been used limitely in practice. Accordingly forward enhancing its utility ${\gamma}$-alumina surface was treated with slfuricf aicd nitric acid and chloric acid respec-tively. Subsequently the effects of surface activity on the surface electrical characteristics were investigated. The ${\gamma}$-alumina was prepared by the precipitation of aluminium nitrate [Al(NO3)3.9H2O] using ammonia water as a precipitator and it was chemically treated with such acids mentioned above. The surface and morphology of the acid-treated ${\gamma}$-alumina were analysed by XRD, BET and the surface activities were measured by the amine titration methods. The interfacial properties of the ${\gamma}$-alumina dispersed in electrolyte solution were esti-mated by the surface charge density measured using potentiometric tiration. Based on the relation between surface charge density and the acid amount the following results were drawn for the surface and interfacial electrical properties ; Acidic properties of surface-treated alumina increase with anion load on alumina surface. P. Z. C decreases with acid amount on alumina surface. The surface charge densities were apart from electrolyte ionic strength. The acidity of ${\gamma}$-alumina is linearly dependent on the P. Z,.C when the ${\gamma}$-alumina was dispersed in aqueous electrolyte solution.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제52권2호
• /
• pp.114-118
• /
• 2015

$V_2O_5-P_2O_5-ZnO-Sb_2O_3$ glasses modified with BaO and $Al_2O_3$ are synthesized as a sealing material for large-scale dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). A compositional study is performed in order to determine the glass that can be sintered below $500^{\circ}C$ with a high chemical stability against the electrolyte. The flow size of the glasses after the heat treatment and the glass stability are increased with the addition of $Al_2O_3$ and BaO, while the glass transition temperature is decreased. After the reaction with the electrolyte at $60^{\circ}C$ for 72 h, the addition of 5 mol% of BaO and 2 mol% of $Al_2O_3$ considerably enhances the chemical stability of the glass. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) are used to examine the reaction between the electrolyte and glasses. The structural contribution of the additives is also investigated and discussed.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 1997년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
• /
• pp.1600-1602
• /
• 1997

We have studied microstructure of carbn fiber and graphite using scanning electron microscope, x-ray diffractommetry and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. According to the results, intercalation of lithium ion affected formation of film on carbon surface and changed structural parameter. Also, we found that film on carbon surface included lithium ion. And, the results of XPS indicated that surface of lithiated carbon materials existed P and F consisting electrolyte. Thus, We expected electrolyte cointercalated with lithium.

• 전기화학회지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 2021

본 연구에서는 산업에서 많이 이용되는 알루미늄 3104H18 금속을 양극산화하여 다공성 나노구조 및 나노섬유 구조의 알루미늄 산화막을 형성하였다. 양극산화를 위한 전해질은 피로인산(H4P2O7)과 증류수를 혼합하여 사용하였다. 양극산화 진행 시 전해질의 농도, 온도, 인가전압과 같은 다양한 변수를 통해 다공성 알루미늄 산화막과 나노섬유 구조를 형성할 수 있었다. 나노섬유 구조를 형성하기 위해서는 피로인산 전해질 농도가 75 wt%, 인가전압이 30 V, 20℃의 양극산화 온도가 최적 조건임을 밝혀냈다. 인가전압이 40 V 이상이 되었을 때는 산화물의 용출속도의 증가 또는 높아진 전압으로 인한 채널벽의 두께증가로 인하여 다공성 나노구조의 형태가 나타난다는 것을 확인했다. 본 연구를 통하여 전해질의 농도, 인가전압 및 온도에 따른 산화물의 형성 및 용해반응이 평형을 이루었을 때 가장 나노섬유가 잘 형성된 알루미늄 산화막을 형성할 수 있음을 밝혔다.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.344-348
• /
• 2009

The electrolyte effects of the electroplating solution in Cu films grown by ElectroPlating Deposition(EPD) were investigated. The electroplated Cu films were deposited on the Cu(20 nm)/Ti (20 nm)/p-type Si(100) substrate. Potentiostatic electrodeposition was carried out using three terminal methods: 1) an Ag/AgCl reference electrode, 2) a platinum plate as a counter electrode, and 3) a seed layer as a working electrode. In this study, we changed the concentration of a plating electrolyte that was composed of $CuSO_4$, $H_2SO_4$ and HCl. The resistivity was measured with a four-point probe and the material properties were investigated by using XRD(X-ray Diffraction), an AFM(Atomic Force Microscope), a FE-SEM(Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope) and an XPS(X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy). From the results, we concluded that the increase of the concentration of electrolytes led to the increase of the film density and the decrease of the electrical resistivity of the electroplated Cu film.

• 한국어류학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.168-172
• /
• 2007

졸복의 정액의 물리화학적 성상과 정자운동성에 관한 기초자료를 얻었다. 졸복 정액의 평균농도, pH 및 삼투질농도는 각각 $12.1{\pm}3.2{\times}10^9/mL$, $8.2{\pm}0.3$, $385.5{\pm}12.5mOsm/kg$ 였다. 정자는 정장의 삼투질농도($385.5{\pm}12.5mOsm/kg$)에 비해서 저장 또는 등장의 삼투질농도에서는 운동성이 억제된 반면, 장장에 비해 고장삼투질농도에서 정자의 운동이 개시되어 삼투질농도가 증가함에 따라 활발한 운동성을 보였다.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.308-319
• /
• 2018

Single step electrodeposition of $Cu_2ZnSnS_4$ (CZTS) for solar cell applications was studied using an aqueous thiocyanate based electrolyte. The sodium thiocyanate complexing agent was found to decrease the difference in the deposition potential of the elements. X-ray diffraction analysis of the samples indicates the formation of kesterite phase CZTS. UV-vis studies reveal the band gap of the deposits to be in the range of 1.2 - 1.5 eV. The thickness of the deposit was found to decrease with increase in pH of the electrolyte. Nearly stoichiometric composition was obtained for CZTS films coated at pH 2 and 2.5. I-V characterization of the film with indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate in the presence and the absence of light source indicate that the resistance decrease significantly in the presence of light indicating suitability of the deposits for solar cell applications. Results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopic studies reveal that the cathodic process for sulfur reduction is the slowest among all the elements.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.215-220
• /
• 2024

Recently, the demand for Zn-Ni electrogalvanized steel sheets for home appliances and automobiles is increasing. Products should have a thick plating (30 to 40 g/m²) on both side with a thin thickness (≤ 0.8 mm) and the highest surface quality. By a high current density operation, current is concentrated in the edge part of the steel sheet, resulting in large surface dent defects due to dendritic plating. This can lead to a low productivity due to low line speed operation. To solve this problem, this study aimed to identify factors influencing dendritic plating. A cylindrical electroplating device was manufactured. Effects of cut edge shape and thickness of steel plate, current density, temperature, flow rate, electrolyte concentration, and pH on dendrite generation of Zn-Ni electroplating were examined. To investigate effect of edge shape of the steel sheet, the steel sheet was manufactured using three processing methods: shearing, polishing after shearing, and laser. Relative effects thickness and cut edge processing methods of the steel plate, current density, temperature, flow rate, electrolyte concentration, and pH of plating solution on dendrite plating were investigated. To prevent dendrite plating, an edge mask was manufactured and its application effect was investigated.

• 한국표면공학회지
• /
• 제57권4호
• /
• pp.338-347
• /
• 2024

𝛼-MnO₂ as a cathode material for Zn-ion batteries allows insertion and extraction of Zn ions within its tunnel structure during charge and discharge. The morphology and crystal structure of 𝛼-MnO₂ particles critically determine their electrochemical behavior and energy storage performance. In this study, 𝛼-MnO₂ was synthesized from precursor solutions under varying pH conditions using a hydrothermal method. The effects of pH values on the morphology, crystal structure, and electrochemical performance were systematically analyzed. The analysis revealed that materials synthesized at higher pH levels exhibited elongated and narrow nanorods with a lower specific surface area. In contrast, those formed at lower pH levels showed shorter, thicker nanorods with a higher specific surface area. This increased surface area at a lower pH enhanced the specific capacitance by providing a greater electrode/electrolyte interfacial area. By contrast, the material synthesized at higher pH conditions demonstrated superior rate capability, attributed to its crystal structure with wider lattice spacings. Wide lattice parameters in the material synthesized at higher pH conditions facilitated easier ion transport than at lower pH levels. Consequently, the study confirms that adjusting the pH of the precursor solution can optimize the electrochemical properties of 𝛼-MnO₂ for Zn-ion batteries.