• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1051-1059
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• 2022

This study investigated microbial communities and their diversity in a full-scale mesophilic anaerobic digester treating sewage sludge. Influent sewage sludge and anaerobic digester samples collected from a wastewater treatment plant in Busan were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing. It was found that the microbial community structure and diversity in the anaerobic digester could be affected by inoculation effect with influent sewage sludge. Nevertheless, distinct microbial communities were identified as the dominant microbial communities in the anaerobic digester. Twelve genera were identified as abundant bacterial communities, which included several groups of syntrophic bacteria communities, such as Candidatus Cloacimonas, Cloacimonadaceae W5, Smithella, which are (potential) syntrophic-propionate-oxidizing bacteria and Mesotoga and Thermovigra, which are (potential) syntrophic-acetate-oxidizing bacteria. Lentimicrobium, the most abundant genus in the anaerobic digester, may contribute to the decomposition of carbohydrates and the production of volatile fatty acids during the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge. Of the methanogens identified, Methanollinea, Candidatus Methanofastidiosum, Methanospirillum, and Methanoculleus were the dominant hydrogenotrophic methanogens, and Methanosaeta was the dominant aceticlastic methanogens. The findings may be used as a reference for developing microbial indicators to evaluate the process stability and process efficiency of the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.655-666
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• 2020

This study evaluated the characteristics of arsenic production in groundwater through microbial community analysis of groundwater contaminated with high arsenic in Haman area. Groundwater in Haman area is contaminated with arsenic in the range of 0-757.2 ㎍/L, which represents the highest arsenic contamination concentration reported in Korea as natural groundwater pollution source. Of the total 200 samples, 29 samples (14.5%) showed higher arsenic concentration than that of 10 ㎍/L, which is the standard for drinking water quality, and 8 samples (4%) found in wells with 80-100 m depth were above 50 ㎍/L. In addition, seven wells with arsenic concentration more than 100 ㎍/L located in the northern part of Haman. As a result of microbial community analysis for high arsenic-contaminated groundwater, the microbial community compositions were significantly different between each sample, and Proteobacteria was the most dominant phyla with an average of 61.5%. At the genus level, the Gallinonella genus was predominant with about 12.8% proportion, followed by the Acinetobacter and Methermicoccus genus with about 7.8 and 7.3%, respectively. It is expected that high arsenic groundwater in the study area was caused by a complex reaction of geochemical characteristics and biogeochemical processes. Therefore, it is expected that the constructed information on geochemical characteristics and microbial communities through this study could be used to identify the origin of high arsenic groundwater and the development of its controlling technology.

• Mycobiology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.97-100
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• 2017

Endangered native plant habitats and populations are rapidly disappearing because of climate and environmental changes. As a representative, the abundance of the first-class endangered wild plant, Cypripedium japonicum, has been rapidly decreasing in Korea. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distribution of rhizosphere and endophytic fungi on C. japonicum in its native habitat. A total of 440 rhizosphere and 79 endosphere fungi isolates were isolated and identified on the basis of their molecular characteristics. Sixty-five genera and 119 fungi species were identified in this study. The genus Trichoderma showed the highest abundance among both rhizosphere and endosphere fungi. Mortierella, Hypocrea, and Penicillium spp. were also relatively dominant species on C. japonicum. The community structures of rhizosphere and endosphere fungi were similar, but endosphere fungi showed greater diversity.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.192-205
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• 2012

The effects on birch (Betula spp.) of elevated carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) and ozone ($O_3$), which are both increasing in the troposphere, are surveyed in detail based on the literature. Birches establish themselves in the open field after disturbances, and then become dominant trees in temperate or boreal forests. Ecophysiological approaches include the measurement of photosynthesis, biomass, growth, and survival of seedlings and trees. Elevated $CO_2$ levels give rise to a net enhancement of the growth of birch trees, whereas high $O_3$ generally reduces growth. Although the effects of the two are opposed, there is also an interactive effect. Basic physiological responses of the single genus Betula to $CO_2$ and $O_3$ are set out, and some data are summarized regarding ecological interactions between trees, or between trees and other organisms.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1428-1433
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• 2013

Jeotgal fermentation is dependent upon a diverse microbial community, although a detailed understanding of its microbial composition is limited to a relatively small number of jeotgal. Pyrosequencing-based bacterial community analysis was performed in fermented squid, ojingeo jeotgal. Leuconostoc was identified as the predominant bacterial genus, with Bacillus and Staphylococcus also accounting for a large proportion of the bacterial community. Phylogenetic analysis with 16S rRNA genes of Leuconostoc type species indicated that L. citreum- and L. holzapfelii-like strains could be the major Leuconostoc strains in jeotgal. High concentrations of NaCl were thought to be an important factor determining the makeup of the bacterial community in the fermented squid; however, a genomic survey with osmotic stress-related genes suggests the existence of more complex factors selecting the dominant bacterial species in fermented squid.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.62-73
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• 2008

This paper was conducted to acquire the scientific data for the waste landfill greening. The native plant flora was investigated in waste landfill at Nanjido. As a result, total 40 species, 22 families, 32 genus were classified. The dominant species were Robinia pseudoacacia (15%), Populus euramericana (3%), and Populus monilifera (1%), ect. Naive plant of 6 species (Zoysia japonica, Aster koraiensis, Liriope platyphylla, Hemerocallis fulva, Sedum kantschaticum, Indigofera pseudotinctoria) were planted in waste landfill in one species per 1 $m^2$ for greening purpose. After One year planting, the ornamental optimum value was showed in Zoysia japonica, Aster koraiensis, Hemerocallis fulva, Hemerocallis fulva, Sedum kantschaticum. The covering rate after nine months planting was 85% and 80% for Zoysia japonica and Hemerocallis fulva, respectively. While Aster koraiensis(a) 13 %, Liriope platyphylla 8 % and Sedum kantschaticum appeared 22 % were obtained. Aster koraiensis (a) has highest height and Sedum kantschaticum was the shortest plant.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.224-229
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• 2001

The vascular plants in Chilsan islet were summarized as 84 taxi; 37 families, 74 genus, 71 species, 13 varieties. Evidence from the species distribution such as Cudrania tricuspidata and Mallotus japonicus, this islet belongs to the Southern province in phytogeographical point of view. The dominant species in the studied areas are in the follows; Both Carex boottiana and Artemisia carpillaris are in the Islet I, Carex boottiana for the Island II, Both Carex boottiuna and Mallotus japonicus fur the Island III. Clerodendron trichotomum for the Island IV. Both Miscanthus sinensis and Imperate cylindrie var. koenigii for the Island Ⅵ, respectively.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.52-61
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• 2009

This study was conducted, to understand floras and circumstances of Korean swamp inland. The floras of 7 swamp inland were 32 families, 49 genus and 69 species. They are accounted for 23% with 16 species of Cyteraceae, one group of annual herbaceous plants, and 6 groups of perennial herbaceous plants (Scirpus tabernaemontani, Phramites communis, Zizania latifolia, Persicaria thunvergiicsiebold, Typha latifolia, Juncus krameri, and Juncus effusus). The plants of Scirpus tabernaemontani, Phramites communis, Zizania latifolia, Persicaria thunvergiicsiebold, Typha latifolia, Juncus krameri, and Potagometon distinctus turnes out a dominant species.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2019

During a recent study to understand an interaction of Collembola community and their environmental factors, two species in the genus Folsomia, F. quadrioculata Tullberg 1871 and F. octoculata Handschin 1925, were found in the forest of South Korea. From 2013 to 2015, these two species were sampled from six mountains and F. quadrioculata or F. octoculata was the dominant species in 5 sampling sites among 6 sampling sites. F. quadriocualta and F. octoculata were found in litter of deciduous and pine forest, respectively. Therefore, the major tree species seems to be one of the important factors determining their habitat. F. quadiroculata is newly recorded from the Korean Peninsula and F. octoculata is redescribed based on new materials from South Korea.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.81-91
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• 2019

Marrubium vulgare, plant species belonging to Marrubium genus, is widespread in the Mediterranean areas, introduced elsewhere and also cultivated in many countries. Its oil is recognized to possess a considerable biological activities with varied chemical composition. This paper aims to overview the chemical composition and biological activities of M. vulgare essential oil's considered as a medicinal plant, widely used in folk medicine overall the world. In essential oils of M. vulgare, germacrene D, ${\beta}$-caryophyllene, ${\beta}$-bisabolene, bicyclogermacrene and carvacrol are generally considered as either mains or minor constituents and each species presents its own composition. Sesquiterpenoids were the dominant fraction while monoterpenoids were present in appreciable or in trace amount. Oxygenated fractions dominated in monoterpenes however, hydrocarbon fraction overpowered in sesquiterpenes. These oils are biologically active, they exhibit an antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and other activities. Due to the variability of composition of essential oil, further studies are necessary, particularly regarding their chemical's which may cause an important change in the biological activities of oils and probably defined different chemotype.