• 대한가정학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were to investigate emotional display rules and intentions of preschool children, any gender differences and the emotional intentions according to levels of understanding of emotional display rules and positive vs. negative situations. The subjects were 58 six-year-old preschoolers who were individually interviewed using 7 hypothetical scenarios that assessed emotional display rules and intentions. The children showed more self-protective intention than other intentions, although there were no gender differences in using emotional display intentions. Children with high scores of emotional display rules frequently tended to use prosocial and self-protective intentions and also used different emotional intentions on positive vs. negative emotional situations.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.293-310
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• 2015

본 연구는 이야기 상황(정서의 종류와 대상) 및 의도추론유형과 성에 따라 유아의 정서표현규칙의 이해가 다른지를 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 충북지역의 4-5세의 유아 144명을 대상으로 4가지 이야기 상황을 제시하고 각 상황에 대한 의도추론유형과 정서표현규칙의 이해에 대한 실험면접을 실시하였다. Pair t 검증과 반복측정분산분석을 통해 분석한 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 이야기 상황 즉, 정서의 종류(긍정정서와 부정정서)와 관계의 대상(어른과 또래)에 따라 정서표현규칙의 이해는 그 정도가 다른 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 각 이야기 상황에 따라 유아의 정서표현규칙이해에 대한 의도추론유형과 성의 주효과와 상호작용효과를 살펴본 바, 긍정정서-어른이야기, 부정정서-어른이야기, 긍정정서-또래이야기라는 이야기상황에서는 의도추론유형의 주효과만 유의하였으나, 부정정서-또래이야기라는 이야기 상황에 대해서는 의도추론유형과 성의 상호작용효과도 함께 유의한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.705-717
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 중등 과학교사의 감정노동의 실태를 파악하고자 감정표현규칙, 감정노동 유형, 감정노동 사례, 과학 특정 감정표현규칙에 대해서 탐색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 중등 과학교사를 대상으로 '과학교사 감정노동 설문지(TELSTS)'를 개발하여 145명의 설문응답 결과를 분석하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중등 과학교사들은 학교현장에서 과학교사로서 요구되거나 기대되는 감정표현규칙이 있다는 것에 동의하였으며, 특히 긍정적 감정표현규칙을 더 잘 인식하고 있었다. 둘째, 중등과학교사들은 자신들이 인식한 감정표현규칙을 지키기 위해 감정노동을 수행하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며 특히 내면행위에 대한 응답 평균값이 높았다. 집단별 차이를 보면 정교사 여부와 교직경력에 따라서 감정노동에 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 셋째, 과학교사의 특수성을 분석한 결과, 주로 실험지도와 과학의 객관적, 논리적 이미지와 관련되었으며, 74%의 응답이 부정적이거나 중립적인 감정표현규칙에 해당하였다. 마지막으로 본 연구결과가 과학교육에 주는 시사점을 논의하였다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제36권11호
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• pp.61-72
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate parental emotion regulation and children's understanding of emotional display rules. 31 boys and 29 girls of the first and fourth grades and their parents were selected for the subject. Sixty children were interviewed on eight interpersonal conflict situations and parent completed the PACES(Saarni, 1985) separately. The main results of this study were as follows. 1) Children's understanding of emotional display rules increased with age. 2) Children's primary justification for using emotional display rules was self-protective one. Girls used more often prosocial justification than boys. 3) Parental emotion regulation was significantly different between the two contexts: a child might cause another person substantial emotional distress and a child didn't cause another person substantial emotional distress. 4) Parental regulation was differed by children's age in the context that the child might cause another person substantial emotional distress. 5) Father's regulation was differed by children's sex in the context that the child might cause another person substantial emotional distress. 6) Maternal regulation was positively correlated to the level of emotional display rules in the context that the child might cause another person substantial emotional distress.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.71-75
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to verify antecedent variables that affect emotional labor. The results are as follows. First, display rules positively affected deep acting and negatively affected surface acting. Second, customer contact time positively affected deep acting but did not affect surface acting. Third, the interaction between display rules and customer contact time did not have significant effects on surface acting but negatively affected deep acting. The implications based on these results are as follows. First, theoretically, this study extends the range of leading variables that affect emotional labor and verifies the moderation effects between these variables. Next, practically, this study suggests that presenting harmonious criteria with regards to display rules and customer contact time that fit well into the concept of food service company is a very useful tool to manage emotional labor of the employees. The limitation of this study is that the causal relationship between variables demonstrated in this study cannot be generalized due to convenience sampling and cross sectional research.

• 아동학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.85-100
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• 2005

The 299(162 female and 137 male) participants in this study listened to six stories designed to elicit prosocial or self-protective rules. The Aggression Scale is composed of verbal and physical aggression and expression of anger. The Quality of Peer Relationships scale has both positive and negative components. Results showed girls used more appropriate emotional regulation strategies for managing negative emotions and more prosocial motives than boys. In the regression analysis emotional display rules and gender positive strategies accounted for 6%, 9%, and 5% of the variance in verbal aggression, physical aggression and anger expression of anger. Children with prosocial motives for emotional regulation and many strategies showed lower levels of egocentricity and peer rejection.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.19-37
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• 2015

이 논문은 보육교사의 직무에서 정서표현규칙의 하위요인과 정서노동 수행전략 간의 관계 및 영향력을 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 서울 지역 어린이집에 근무하는 보육교사 268명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였고, 자료 분석을 위해 상관관계 분석과 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과 첫째, 정서표현규칙 지각은 정서노동의 내면행동, 표면행동과 유의한 정적 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 내면행동은 정서표현규칙의 교육, 몰입, 공정성, 명확성과 유의한 정적 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 정서표현규칙 지각은 표면행동, 내면행동에 정적인 영향을 미치고, 정서표현규칙에 대한 몰입이 내면행동에 유의한 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 보육교사의 정서노동을 지원하고 교사의 정서관리 능력향상을 위한 교육방향을 제안하였다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제23권61호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2000

Discovery of association rules has been used useful in many fields, especially in the fields of the inventory display, catalog design and cross selling. In previous works, all transactions In the database are treated uniformly. In this paper, we present a method for partitioning transactions in the database using time weights. Transactions are assigned different weights as time goes on. Examples show that these method provides purchasing patterns in the database as well as finding association rules.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.327-350
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• 1999

This study tries to analyze the problems of rules for cataloging currently used n Korea such as KCR 3rd ed., KORMARC Description Rules, and KORMARC format, and to propose the methods solving the non-standardization of Korean cataloging records as follows: 1) No-main heading principles should be established so as to be applied to MARC format. 2) Description rules of cataloging currently used in Korea should be coordinated in accordance with MARC system and principles of bibliographical description. 3) Description rules of cataloging currently used in Korea should be coordinated in accordance with MARC system and principles of bibliographical description. 4) Unifying the format for CRT screen to display online catalog records are needed. 5) Conventional cataloging rules and MARC format should be coordinated.

• 아동학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.65-77
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• 2008

This study investigated differences of display rule by age and gender and the effects of theory of mind and affective perspective taking on display rule. Subjects were 64 4- to 5-year old children. Instruments were false belief, appearance-reality distinction, affective perspective taking, gift-giving, and display rule understanding task. Findings were (1) Display rule understanding differed by age; older children understood the display rules better than younger children. (2) Theory of mind influenced positive display rule behavior. (3) Theory of mind and affective perspective taking had a significant effect on display rule understanding.