• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.193-198
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• 2019

Purpose: This study examined the effects of plank exercise combined with breathing and arm exercises on the external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominal muscle thickness. Methods: Thirty healthy adults consisting of 12 males and 18 females from K area were divided into a plank exercise combined with breathing and arm exercises group (n = 15) and a plank exercise only group (n=15). The changes in muscle thickness before the exercise and four and eight weeks after the exercise were analyzed using a two-way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA). The significance level was set to ${\alpha}=0.05$. Post-hoc t-tests were conducted to detect the interactions between the time and groups, and the significance level was set to ${\alpha}=0.01$. Results: According to the experimental results, the external oblique abdominal muscle showed significant differences over time (p<0.05). The internal oblique abdominal muscle also showed significant differences over time and in the interactions between the time and groups (p<0.05). The transverse abdominal muscle showed significant differences over time, in the interactions between time and groups, and in the changes between the groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated that plank exercise combined with breathing and arm movement exercises led to increases in the abdominal muscle thickness. These types of exercises may be useful in lumbar stabilization rehabilitation treatment.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.227-233
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• 2007

The purpose of this research was to study the effects of the feeding of dietary citrus byproducts on the physicochemical properties and palatability of Hanwoo rump (HR). The samples for experimental samples consisted of the HR not fed without citrus byproducts pulp (CBP-0) and the HR rump fed with citrus byproducts pulp during the fattening period (CBP-1). The control (CBP-0) HR rump was fed by general practical feeding (roughages and concentrates were fed separately), while the CBP-1 was fed in the same manners as CBP-0 until 17 months but with citrus byproducts then fed fer the next 10 months. There were no significant differences in the $L^*$ (tightness), $a^*$ (redness) and $b^*$ (yellowness) of the HR between the CBP-0 and CBP-1 fed groups. There were no significant differences in the pH, VBN content and EDA between the samples, but the TBARS value of the CBP-1 fed group was lower than that of the CBP-0 fed group (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in the water holding capacity, freezing loss, thawing loss, boiling and roasting logs between the CBP-0 and CBP-1 fed groups. There were no significant differences in the hardness, cohesiveness, chewiness and shear force between the samples, but the springiness of the CBP-1 fed group was higher than that of the CBP-0 fed group (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in the sensory scores for the roasted beef between the CBP-0 and CBP-1 fed groups. There were no significant differences in the taste, flavor, juiciness and palatability of roasted beef the between samples, but the tenderness of the CBP-1 fed group was superior to that of the CBP-0 fed group.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.291-301
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• 2004

We studied the effects of soy isoflavones supplementation with exercise on bone mineral density and the urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline as an index of bone resorption rates in postmenopausal women. A total of 67 postmen-opausal women were assigned to Isoflavone (90 mg/day) or placebo groups. These group were further divided into groups that undergone a regular exercise or a rather sedentary state performing daily activity only. Four groups were Placebo-control group (n = 16), Placebo-exercise group (n = 16), Isoflavone-sedentary group (n = 19) and Isofla-vone-exercise group (n = 16). After the intervention, we compared anthropometric mesurement, dietary recall, bone mineral density (femoral neck, lumbar spine), urinary deoxypyridinoline between the groups and between the pre and post studies. There were no significant differences between the four groups in terms of average age, height, weight, period after menopause at the baseline. The average age of the subjects were 55.2 yrs, average height, weight, period after menopause were 154.7 cm, 59.3 kg, 5.58 yrs, respectively. After eight week intervention period, there were no significant differences between the four groups in bone mineral density, but urinary deoxypyridinoline excretion was significantly decreased both in Isoflavone-sedentary and Isoflavone-Exercise groups. These results suggest that Isofla-vone supplementation alone or with exercise may be preventive measures through the decrease of bone reabsorption rate in post-menopausal subjects. Whereas exercise alone did not appear to be an effective measure in bone loss with these subjects.

• Journal of the Korean society of biological therapies in psychiatry
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.202-208
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in forensic demographic characteristics, interpersonal problems and personality disorder between early and late onset criminal patients with schizophrenia. Methods : The participants included 187 inpatients with schizophrenia who had committed crimes. They filled out the Korean Inventory of Interpersonal Problem Personality Disorder Scales and Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised. They were divided into early onset group and late onset group according to onset age of schizophrenia at 26 years old(under 26 versus 26 and older) and forensic demographic characteristics, interpersonal problem and personality disorders including psychopathy were compared between two groups. Results : There were no differences in gender, education years and family history between the two groups. Early onset group was associated with lower age, earlier onset of age and earlier age at the time of the crime. Duration from onset to diagnosis was not different between the two groups. Duration from onset to crime and after diagnosis to crime was shorter in late onset group. There were no differences between the two groups in the interpersonal problems, personality disorder and psychopathic personality evaluation. Conclusion : These results suggested that there may be forensic demographic differences related to crime between early and later onset schizophrenia. Psychiatrists should consider the age at onset of schizophrenia when assessing the risk of violence in patients with schizophrenia. In the future. it will be needed other study of age classification such as admixture analysis.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2006

For this study, we carried out dementia assessment examination of 74 patients with memory disturbance who have come to Cheongju oriental hospital of Daejeon university from April 2005 to February 2006. This study classified the patients as none-dementia(ND), questionable dementia(QD), and dementia(DA) groups and analyzed the result of examination. As a result, the following conclusion was drawn. 1. Among the 3 groups, there was no significant differences in the sex distribution. But according to age distribution, the age of QD and DA groups showed significant difference from that of ND group. 2. MMSE-K and HDS-K scores showed the significant differences among all groups, and 7 MS result showed the significant difference between ND and the other groups. 3. The DA group significantly got lower scores than ND group in the items of the MMSE-K, Orientation, Registration, Recall, Attention, Copy two pentagons and Comprehension. Especially, significant difference also was shown in the orientation item between QD and DA groups. 4. The scores in the items of 7 MS, Benton temporal orientation, Enhanced cued recall and Clock drawing showed significant difference among all groups. Category fluency score showed significant difference between ND and the other groups. 5. The results of Brain CT and clinical chemistry test didn't show significant difference among all groups.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.50-60
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• 2019

This study aims to examine the differences between groups through the results of the core competency diagnosis, and to find out the differences in core competences depending on engineering education accreditation, gender, admission types. To this end, we analyzed the differences in K-CESA results on self-management capabilities, resources & information use, global competency, higher order thinking competency, and interpersonal competency in 2017 for the fourth graders of S University. An ANOVA of major field showed that the humanities had high overall competencies. The results of t-test of engineering students showed that accredited students had relatively low "flexibility" of their global competency, and that the "analysis" of their higher order thinking competency was relatively high. There were no statistically significant differences between groups depending on the admission types. Through these analyses, we presented suggestions such as the provision of specialized programs based on differences among different groups, the development of comprehensive thinking skills such as capstone design, the need to secure flexibility in engineering education accreditation, and the enhancement of female students' resources & information use.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.225-243
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• 2009

This study analyzed the effects of dynamic assessment in terms of scaffolding group types and young children's measurement ability levels. Participants were five-year-old children in Busan divided into 2 experimental groups and control groups. The Assessment Tools for Young Children's Measurement Ability (Ko & Hwang, 2008) consisted of 4 sub tests for ‘length', 'width', and 'weight' concepts. Data were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA. Results showed significant differences between experimental and control groups in post-test scores, but no significant differences between individual and peer collaboration groups in amount of scaffolding. Significant improvements showed in all of the measurement ability level groups : individual higher, individual lower, peer collaboration higher and peer collaboration lower level scaffolding groups.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.448-460
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• 1994

This study was conducted to investigate risk factors for senile dementia as well as care givers' stresses and thier needs for nursing care. It was done using a retrospective survey. A convenience sample or In senile dementia patients and l20 nor-mal elders in a rural area was used. The tools used in the study were the MMSE-K(Mini-Mental State Examination-Korea) for dementia screening test and a questionaire developed by the research team. Data were collected through home visits by Com-munity Health Practitioners. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, T-test, and Chi-square test. The findings are as follows : 1. There were significant differences in age, marital status, and religions between the two groups. 2. There was a significant difference in smoling behavior between the two groups. 3. There was a significant difference in past his-tory of cancer between groups. 4. There was a significant difference in past and present elderftmily relationship between the two groups. 5. There were significant differences in intellectual activities, assuming major role in family and seeking other's help in daily life troubles between the two groups. 6. There were significant differences in stress factors such as child problem, family conflict, health problem and illegal behavior between the two groups. 7. The major problems out by families in caring for dementia patient were catastrophic reactions, dirtiness, mood change, devouring and tremor. The most serious problems faced by families was dirtiness. with catastrophic reactions, sleep distrubance, changeableness, and a suspcio-usness following. The care givers expressed chronic fatigue, anxiety, tension, depression, disorder in daily life, shamefulness, blame from neighbours and guiltiness. 8. There is need for geriatric hospitals, nursing homes, burden sharing, and counselling or education for family care givers. A replicate study in the urban area is recommended to validate the findings of this study. To explore the impact of stress in life and ‘han’ on senile dementia, a qualitative study is recommended.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.304-312
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to compare the amount of tooth movement after multiple horizontal (MH) and single vertical (SV) micro-osteoperforations (MOPs), and evaluate the histological changes after orthodontic force application in rabbits. Methods: The mandibles of 24 white rabbits were subjected to two experimental interventions: MH and SV MOPs. Defect volume of the MOPs between the two groups was kept similar. A force of 100 cN was applied via a coil spring between the incisor teeth and the first premolars. The amount of tooth movement was measured. Differences in the amount of tooth movement and bone variables at three time points and between the two groups were evaluated using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: The first premolar showed a mesial movement of 1.47 mm in the MH group and 1.84 mm in the SV group, which was significantly different at Week 3 (p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in bone volume and bone fraction between the groups. Tartrate-resistant acidic phosphatase-positive cell count was also significantly greater at Week 3 than at Week 1 in both the SV and MH groups. Conclusions: The amount of tooth movement showed significant differences between Weeks 1 and 3 in the SV and MH MOP groups, but showed no differences between the two groups. Therefore, SV MOP could be considered an effective tool for enhancing tooth movement, especially for molar distalization, uprighting, and protraction to an edentulous area.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.413-418
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• 2009

This study was performed to investigate the changes of the serological parameters of the rats fed a high fat and high cholesterol diets with or without quercetin supplement for five weeks. Thirty Sprague-Dawley male rats ($152.1{\pm}17.0\;g$ of body weight) were randomly divided into three groups with 10 rats in each group. Rats in the control(C) group were fed the high fat and high cholesterol diet containing 15% lard, 2% cholesterol and 0.5% sodium cholate (w/w). Rats in two treatment groups were fed the same diet supplemented with 0.25% quercetin (Q-0.25) or 0.5% quercetin (Q-0.5) on the weight to weight basis, respectively. The final body weight, gain of body weight, the amount of feed intake and the feed efficiency of rats in between control and treatment groups were not significantly different. Serum glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin and albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio of rats showed no significant differences between control and treatment groups. Serum total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and atherogenic index(AI) of rats in both Q-0.25 and Q-0.5 groups were significantly lower than in C group (p < 0.05). However serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly higher in both Q-0.25 and Q-0.5 groups than in C group (p < 0.05). The levels of triglyceride in sera of rats showed no significant differences between control and treatment groups. The values of AST and ALT in sera of rats showed no significant differences between control and treatment groups. Therefore the supplementation of quercetin to high fat and high cholesterol diet in rats was effective in reducing the levels of serum lipids to cause cardiovascular diseases and in elevating the level of HDL-C to protect cardiovascular diseases.