• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.371-381
• /
• 1993

Threshing operation is performed by impact, compression and friction forces inside the thresher. These values should be appropriate to the crop condition to enhance the threshing and separating efficiency and to decrease the grain damage. To analyze the threshing process inside the rasp-bar type thresher, impact, friction and compression forces were measured using transducers with strain gage circuits. To measure the impact forces and friction forces between the rasp-bar and crop, full bridge strain gage circuit was built on the rasp-bar holder. To measure the compression forces and circumferential friction forces between the concave and crop, two sets of full bridge strain gage circuits were built on the T-type concave transducer. Threshing work of wheat crop with 12% of moisture content was performed at 3 levels of compression ratio and with 3 replications. Each transducer could not measure the exact forces continuously because the transducer oscillates with the forces. However they could measure maximum forces and force distribution according to the time. Average friction coefficients between crop and concave was 0.61 not showing any significant difference according to the compression ratio. Average acceleration of the crop in the cylinder appeared from $70.6m/s^2$ to $140.8m/s^2$ according to the compression ratio. The velocity of the crop at the exit of the cylinder appeared from 10.7m/s to 15.0m/s according to the compression ratio.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.528-537
• /
• 2002

본 논문에서는 능동소자를 포함하는 마이크로파 회로의 주파수 특성을 해석하기 위하여 확장된 유한차분 시간영역법 (FDTD) 을 이용했다. R, L, C와 같은 집중소자가 전송선로에 삽입된 FDTD 집중소자 모델링을 통해 하이브리드 회로 해석에 대한 기초 연구를 수행하였고, 네트워크 모델링을 이용하여 기생 커패시턴스와 인덕턴스의 값을 추출함으로써 보다 정확한 기생, 방사, 결합까지 고려하는 FDTD만의 고유한 주파수 응답을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 FDTD를 이용하여 모델링된 다이오드를 사용한 평형 혼합기를 설계하여 상용 회로 시뮬레이터보다 정확하고 실제적인 회로의 주파수 응답을 획득하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제40권6호
• /
• pp.799-807
• /
• 2010

Purpose: To determine whether the practice of not routinely changing ventilator circuits in patients who require prolonged mechanical ventilation is associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Methods: Patients were divided into two groups, ventilator circuits were routinely changed every 7 days for the control group (39) and every 14 days for the experimental group (40) over a period of 1 yr (April 1, 2009-March 31, 2010). Pediatric patients (age 17 yr or less) were not included. VAP was diagnosed by the criteria of the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Incidence of VAP and characteristics of infection were evaluated. Results: In the experimental group, 2 episodes of pneumonia were observed in 40 patients and 1,322 ventilator days. The rate of VAP was 1.5 per 1,000 ventilator days. There was 1 episode of pneumonia in 39 patients and 481 ventilator days for the control group. The rate of VAP was 2.1 per 1,000 ventilator days. The difference between both groups was not significant (p=.695). Conclusion: Extending ventilator circuit change interval from 7 days to 14 days does not increase the risk for VAP.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.82-89
• /
• 2011

In this paper, we numerically study both band-pass and band-stop plasmonic filters based on Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) waveguides and circular ring resonators. The band-pass filter consists of two MIM waveguides coupled to each other by a circular ring resonator. The band-stop filter is made up of an MIM waveguide coupled laterally to a circular ring resonator. The propagating modes of Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SPPs) are studied in these structures. By substituting a portion of the ring core with air, while the outer dimensions of the ring resonator are kept constant, we illustrate the possibility of red-shift in resonant wavelengths in order to tune the resonance modes of the proposed filters. This feature is useful for integrated circuits in which we have limitations on the outer dimensions of the filter structure and it is not possible to enlarge the dimension of the ring resonator to reach to longer resonant wavelengths. The results are obtained by a 2D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The introduced structures have potential applications in plasmonic integrated circuits and can be simply fabricated.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.536-541
• /
• 1988

The push-pull current-fed DC-to-DC converter has only one energy storage reactor in series with the input for any number of outputs. It is considered that this property of the converter has considerable advantages over other multiple-output circuits. The steady state characteristics of the converter with two outputs is analyzed. It is known that the voltage difference between the two outputs appears by existing the 2nd winding resistance of transformer and there is a region of the duty ratio in which the voltage difference of the converter is smaller than that of the forward converter.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.891-896
• /
• 2011

이 논문에서는 전류 컨베이어 회로를 이용하여 입력 전압의 차에 비례하는 주파수 신호를 생성하는 회로를 설계하였다. 설계된 회로는 HSPICE를 이용하여 회로의 동작을 분석하였으며, 입력 전압 차는 수V에서 수mV 단위까지 변화시키면서 출력 주파수를 시뮬레이션하였다. 회로의 시뮬레이션 결과 이론적인 계산값과 비교하였을 때 에러는 -1.9%에서 +1.8% 이내였다.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
• /
• 제18권6호
• /
• pp.639-645
• /
• 2014

In this paper, the scheme of a single module for simultaneous operation of all-optical computing circuits, namely half adder and half subtractor, are realized using semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) based logic gates. Optical XOR gate by employing a SOA based Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) configuration is used to get the sum and difference outputs. A carry signal is generated using a SOA-four wave mixing (FWM) based AND gate, whereas, the borrow is generated by employing the SOA-cross gain modulation (XGM) effect. The obtained results confirm the feasibility of our configuration by proving the good level of quality factor i.e. ~5.5, 9.95 and 12.51 for sum/difference, carry and borrow, respectively at 0 dBm of input power.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.766-772
• /
• 1999

With the increase of portable system and high-density IC, power consumption of VLSI circuits is very important factor in design process. Power estimation is required in order to estimate the power consumption. A simple and correct solution of power estimation is to use circuit simulation. But it is very time consuming and inefficient way. Probabilistic method has been proposed to overcome this problem. Transition density using probability was an efficient method to estimate power consumption using BDD and Boolean difference. But it is difficult to build the BDD and compute complex Boolean difference. In this paper, we proposed Propowest. Propowest is building a digraph of circuit, and easy and fast in computing transition density by using modified COP algorithm. Propowest provides an efficient way for power estimation.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.194-200
• /
• 2003

본 논문에서는 주파수 도약 대역확산시스템에서 널리 적용되는 FSK복조기를 설계하고 실험 결과를 분석하였다. FSK 복조회로에 있어서 가장 중요한 부분인 ADPLL의 성능을 소프트웨어를 이용하여 분석하였다. 이 분석을 토대로 Altera사에서 제공하는 Maxplus-II 툴을 이용하여 각 구성 회로를 설계하였으며 EPM7064SLC44-10 chip으로 집적화 하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과와 구현된 회로의 특성을 비교 분석하였다. 결과에 있어서 PLL의 시상수는 약 2${\mu}\textrm{s}$의 차이가 발생하였다. 이 차이는 FSK복조회로에 있어서는 큰 영향을 주지 않는다. 실험결과를 보면 FSK 변조된 신호는 기준 신호와 위상 차가 180$^{\circ}$인 경우에도 설계된 회로에 의해 잘 복조 됨을 관찰할 수 있었다.

• 전기학회논문지P
• /
• 제58권1호
• /
• pp.79-84
• /
• 2009

In order to increase the capacity of the superconducting fault current limiter(SFCL), the current and voltage grades of the SFCL must be increased. As a method for the increase of the current and voltage grades of the SFCL, we compared the various characteristics between the flux-lock type SFCL "With three superconducting units connected in series and the transformer type SFCL using the transformer with three secondary circuits. One of three superconducting units had not quenched in the flux-lock type SFCL. Therefore, the unbalanced power burden happened because of the voltage difference generated by unbalanced quenching between the superconducting units. In the meantime, the three superconducting units were all quenched in the transformer type SFCL using the transformer, and the voltage difference generated between the superconducting units was decreased. Therefore, the difference of critical characteristics was complemented by distribution of fault current in accordance with the turn's ratio between primary and secondary windings. The unbalanced power burden of the superconducting units was reduced due to flux-share between the superconducting units in the transformer. In conclusion, the capacity increment of the SFCL using a transformer was easier due to equal distribution of voltages generated by simultaneous quench of the superconducting units. We think that the characteristics is improved more because of the decrease of saturation in the iron core if the secondary winding is increased in the SFCL using the transformer.