• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.335-352
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• 2024

Purpose - Low fertility rate is a serious problem, and this study analyzes factors affecting total fertility rate using panel data from 16 metropolitan cities and provinces in Korea from 2000 to 2022. Design/methodology/approach - Estimating the SAR model considering the weak cross-sectional dependence that exists in variables related to the regional total fertility rate, and using the DKSE estimation method considering the strong cross-sectional dependence. Findings - Estimation results considering weak and strong cross-sectional dependence were similar, confirming the robustness of the results. Female labor force participation rate has a positive effect on total fertility rate, and employment rate has no effect. However, the interaction term is a negative (-) sign. Crude marriage rate has a positive effect on total fertility rate, and apartment price has a slightly positive effect. Environmental factor has no effect, and policy factor has a negative effect. Research implications or Originality - In order for an increase in the female labor force participation rate to lead to an increase in the total fertility rate, qualitative improvements in female employment must be made. Financial investment policies for childbirth must increase their effectiveness. The problem of low fertility rate requires not only population policy but also social, economic, cultural, environmental, and policy conditions to be considered.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.5762-5770
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to identify the predictors of motivation to change in people with an alcohol dependence. The participants were 209 peoples with alcohol dependence. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires, which were constructed to include socio-demographics, alcohol drinking-related factors, and psychosocial-spiritual factors. Data were analyzed with the SPSS 19.0 programs. The significant predictors of motivation to change in peoples with alcohol dependence were gratitude, professional support, and age at first admission. These alcohol drinking-related factors and psychosocial factors explained 22.7% of the variance in peoples with an alcohol dependence. These results suggest that motivation to change in people with an alcohol dependents can be changed positively by increasing gratitude and professional support.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.105-113
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• 2000

The representation of a procedural program cannot be applied directly to object oriented program representation consisting of class, object, inheritance, and dynamic binding. Furthermore, preexisting program dependence represented the dependence among statements, but not among variables. That is, it could not solve the problem of which variables make an effect on given variables. Consequently, this study presents the method dependence model representing implementation level information including the dependence among variables in an object oriented program. I also propose implementation-based class testing technique based on the test adequacy criterion of an object-oriented program. Considering inter-data member dependences and a set of axioms for test data adequacy, it generates sequences of methods as test cases which satisfy a flow graph-based testing criterion. For a derived class testing, it considers inheritance relationship and the resuability of the testing information for its parent classes which verified the reduction of test cost through the experiment.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.173-179
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of peer attachment and parental abuse on adolescents' dependence on mobile phones and the mediating effect of self-esteem. For this study, I used the panel data of the 7th year of the 1st grade of the elementary school for the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey provided by the Korea Youth Policy Institute. A total of 1,937 adolescents were selected to analyze causal relationship among variables, and SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0 were used to verify research problem. As a result of the study, First, the better the relationship with peers, the higher the self-esteem and the less the dependence on their mobile phone. On the other hand, the more severe the abuse, the lower the self-esteem and the higher the dependence on mobile phones. Second, Self-esteem was found to have a significant effect on peer attachment and abuse on mobile phone dependence. Based on these results, I would like to provide them as basic data for helping positive development of adolescents.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.583-594
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• 2021

This study is a descriptive research study conducted to understand the effects of hospital nurses' COVID-19 risk perception, media dependence, government trust, resilience, and Socio-psychological stress on COVID-19 prevention behavior. Data were collected from 200 nurses at university hospitals, and the collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson's correlation analysis, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis using the SPSS 24.0 program. The average age of the subjects was 29.8 years old, the hospital experience was 6.6 years, and the prevention of COVID-19 was high with 4.3 points. COVID-19 prevention behavior showed positive correlation with COVID-19 risk perception, resilience, and media dependence and negative correlation with socio-psychological stress. Factors influencing COVID-19 prevention behavior were COVID-19 risk perception, resilience, socio-psychological stress, and media dependence. To ensure that hospital nurses' COVID-19 prevention behaviors can be continued, it is necessary to appropriately manage COVID-19 risk perception and media dependence, and to develop and apply an intervention program to strengthen resilience and reduce socio-psychological stress.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.213-221
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to find methods to prevent and improve smart device over-dependence problems by analyzing differences in school life adaptation and academic performance according to children's dependence on smart devices. For this, the data of fifth grade elementary school students in the 12th year were extracted and utilized from Panel Survey of Korean Children. The data were analyzed using non-hierarchical cluster(K-means) analysis, T-test, one-way ANOVA, and Scheffé tests. The results of this study are as follows. First, It has been shown that dependence on smart devices, school adaptation and academic performance have a negative correlation. Second, students in potential and high-risk groups who are highly dependent on smart devices have significantly lower school adaptation compared to those in the safety group. Third, high-risk students showed significantly lower academic performance compared to those in the potential risk group and general group. Based on these findings, it was suggested that for elementary school students who rely on smart devices, various learning support and national efforts such as counseling for school life adaptation are needed.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 2004

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate alexithymia, depressive symptoms, and stress response of patients with alcohol dependence. The results were taken as a basic data of ameliorating the quality of life. Methods: 94 patients with alcohol dependence completed stress response inventory, Korea depression scale, and toronto alexithymia scale successfully. Results: 55% of variance of alexithymia of patients with alcohol dependence were explained by the stress response and depressive symptoms and score of ADS, and the stress response had the most explanatory power. Conclusions: The alexithymia of patients with alcohol dependence may be influenced by depressive symptoms, education, frequency of drinking, and stress response. The specialists were identifying symptoms of depression and optimizing the management, therefore increasing the compliance and quality of life of patients with alcohol dependence.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.727-732
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• 2009

In this paper, the dependence of the Kalman filter-based emitter location algorithm on the initial estimate is investigated. Given all the LOB data, the initial estimate of the emitter location is obtained from the linear LSE algorithm with the former LOB data. Using the initial estimate, the Kalman filter algorithm is applied with the remaining LOB data to update the initial estimate. It is shown that as the number of data used in the calculation of the initial estimate increases, the accuracy of the final estimate is improved and the total computational complexity of obtaining the initial estimate and the final estimate increases. In addition, the dependence of the performance of the Kalman filter algorithm on the predefined constant is illustrated.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.336-344
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify the self-awareness of smartphone dependence among undergraduate students and their response to the same. The data was drawn from a survey on smartphone overdependence conducted by the Ministry of Science and information and communications technology (ICT) and the National Information Society Agency in 2017. The responses of 1,735 undergraduate students were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, minimum-maximum value, ��2-test, independent t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results indicated that 22.3% of participants were at risk of smartphone dependence, and 63.6% of them were unaware of their dependence on smartphones. The perception of smartphone dependence was significantly associated with a higher risk of smartphone dependence (��=.35, p=.000) and the increasing use of applications such as games (��=.19, p=.000), television/video (��=.11, p=.000), and learning (��=.11, p=.000). Of the participants with dependence awareness, only a few knew about the existence of centers to prevent smartphone and internet dependence. Moreover, they rarely utilized these centers. However, the participants felt the need for more counseling agencies (26.8%), programs for dealing with oneself (23.2%), information about smartphone dependence (14.9%), and help to overcome dependence (10.9%). These findings show the need to establish public services so that students can easily access correct information on smartphone dependence and address this problem.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.141-148
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• 2020

We consider estimating the proportion of true null hypotheses in multiple testing problems. A traditional multiple testing rate, family-wise error rate is too conservative and old to control type I error in multiple testing setups; however, false discovery rate (FDR) has received significant attention in many research areas such as GWAS data, FMRI data, and signal processing. Identify differentially expressed genes in microarray studies involves estimating the proportion of true null hypotheses in FDR procedures. However, we need to account for unknown dependence structures among genes in microarray data in order to estimate the proportion of true null hypothesis since the genuine dependence structure of microarray data is unknown. We compare various procedures in simulation data and real microarray data. We consider a hidden Markov model for simulated data with dependency. Cai procedure (2007) and a sliding linear model procedure (2011) have a relatively smaller bias and standard errors, being more proper for estimating the proportion of true null hypotheses in simulated data under various setups. Real data analysis shows that 5 estimation procedures among 9 procedures have almost similar values of the estimated proportion of true null hypotheses in microarray data.