• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.101-111
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• 2010

Purpose: To provide the information of efficacy for herbal formulas of high frequency, it was evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect. In many studies, plantderived anti-inflammatory efficacies have been investigated for their potential inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. This study was performed to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of herbal formulas of high frequency on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Methods: Anti-inflammatory activity was investigated in 25 herbal formula extracts in vitro and in vivo. To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect in vitro model, using LPS-stimulated macrophages, RAW 264.7 cell line. The productions of nitric oxide(NO), prostaglandin(PG)$E_2$, interleukin(IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-$\alpha$ were examined in RAW 264.7 cells, in the presence of the herbal formulas. RAW 264.7 cells were incubated with LPS $1\;{\mu}g/mL$ and herbal formulas for 18 hours. As an in vivo, using a rat model of carrageenin-induced paw edema. The paw volume was measured at 2 and 4 hours following carrageenin-induced paw edema in rats. Results: 8 kinds of herbal formula inhibited NO production by LPS-stimulated in some concentration, but the effect of NO inhibition is weak. 12 kinds of herbal formula inhibited $PGE_2$ production by LPS-stimulated over the 30%. Among them Gumiganghwal-tang, Sagunja-tang, Samchulkunbi-tang, Insampaedok-san and Hwangryunhaedok-tang inhibited IL-6 production by LPS-stimulated but TNF-$\alpha$ was not inhibited. 12 kinds of herbal formula reduced the carrageenin-induced paw edema in rats. Particularly, 3 kinds of herbal formula(Gumiganghwal-tang, Ssanghwa-tang and Soshiho-tang) were better than indomethacin. Conclusion: These results suggest that Gumiganghwal-tang, Sangunja-tang, Samchulkunbi-tang, Insampaedok-san and Hwangryunhaedok-tang have antiinflammatory activity.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.130-141
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• 2005

1. Objectives The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of Chungpyesagan-tang on the $CCI_4-induced$ Liver Damage in Rats. 2. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were devided into 5 experimental groups : Normal, $NS+CCI_4(Solid$ extract of $CCI_4$ injection group after Normal Saline feed), $CP+CCI_4(Solid$ extract of $CCI_4$ injection group after Chungpyesagantang feed), $CCI_4+NS(Nomal$ Saline feed group after $CCI_4$ injection), $CCI_4+CP(Solid$ extract of Chungpyesagantang feed group after $CCI_4$ injection). Biochemical assays for serum enzyme activities such as AST, ALT, ALP, BUN, Creatinine, Uric Acid, Total Protein, Albumin, Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride, Glucose, and mRNA Revelation of Cytochrome p450 and activities such as LPO(Lipid Peroxidation), GSH(Glutathione), GST(Glutathione-S- Transferase), Glutathione Reductase, Glutathione Peroxidase, SOD(Superoxide Dismutase), Catalase, Hydroxyproline, and ${\beta}-Glucuronidase$ were performed. 3. Results 1) $CP+CCI_4$ showed significantly lower relation of Cytochrome p450 than $NS+CCI_4$. 2) As to LPO Hydroxyproline, $CCI_4+CP$ showed significantly lower activity than $CCI_4+NS$. 3) As to GSH GST Glutathione Peroxidase Catalase, $CP+CCI_4$ showed higher activity than $NS+CCI_4$, $CCI_4+CP$ showed significantly higher activity than $CCI_4+NS$. 4) As to Glutathione Reductase SOD, $CCI_4+CP$ showed significantly higher activity than $CCI_4+NS$. 5) As to ${\beta}-Glucuronidase$, $CP+CCI_4$ showed signficantly lower activity than $NS+CCI_4$. 4. Conclusions Chungpyesagantang has the recovering effects on the $CCI_4-induced$ Liver Damage.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.171-180
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• 1998

In the present study, the vacuolar apparatus were investigated in the hepatocytes of rats treated with DA by transmission electron microscopy of conventional and cytochemical thin sections. In the rats after 20 min of dehydrocholic acid treatment, the cis Golgj cisterns were sacculated in line. The saccule occasionally occured by elongation and attenuated neck. The lysosomes also showed protrudent saccule. The vesicles were observed near the cis Golgi cisterns, lysosome and bile canaliculi. Some of the vesicles appeared to be fused to bile canaliculi. The cis Golgi cisterns usually faced toward the bile canaliculi both in normal and experimental groups. The cis Golgi cisterns, protrudent saccule and vesicles were almost devoid of visible contents. The osmium deposits were heavy on the protrudent saccule as well as on the cis Golgi cisterns or on the vesicles isolated near by, but they were light or not observed on the vesicles in the immediate vicinity of bile canaliculi. The acid phosphatase activities appeared on the lysosome and vesicles located near by, but did not appear on the vesicles as approaching closer to the bile canaliculi. The evidence suggests that the vesicles are derived from the cis Gogi cistern and lysosomes and fuse to bile canaliculi for exocytosis, and that the activity in the vesicles is diminished as approaching closer to the bile canaliculi.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.812-818
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-amnesic effect of Stachys sieboldii MIQ. according to the mixing ratio of calcium on scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment, in vivo. At the end of the adaptation period, SD rats were divided into a normal group (N), a control group (C: scopolamine), a positive control group (PC: scopolamine + tacrine), and a sample group (S: scopolamine + Stachys sieboldii MIQ., 1CS: scopolamine + low calcium-mixed Stachys sieboldii MIQ., 5CS: scopolamine + high calcium-mixed Stachys sieboldii MIQ.), and were tested with learning and memory tests. The C and CS groups were found to have a decreased scopolamine-induced memory deficit in the Y-maze and water maze tests. Brain tissue analysis showed that the CS group decreased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and increased acetylcholine (Ach) content, both of which are indicative of neuronal cell activity. From a light microscopy study, the nucleus of neurons in the hippocampus of the brain was more shrunken or condensed in the C group compared to the CS group. In the CS group, the damage to the neurons in the hippocampus of the brain was suppressed. These results suggest that Stachys sieboldii MIQ. according to the mixing ratio of calcium provides a significant anti-amnesic effect against scopolamine-induced cholinergic system deficits and cognitive impairment.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.986-995
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• 2019

Intestinal microbiota play a key role in maintaining the host's health, and variety and richness of this microbiota is directly influenced and modulated by the host's diet. Kimchi is a fermented food rich in dietary fibers and lactic acid bacteria (LAB). To investigate the effect of fermented kimchi on the host's response and the composition of intestinal microbiota, 45 male Sprague-Dawley rats six weeks old were divided into three experimental groups that received either a basal diet (CON) or a basal diet supplemented with fermented kimchi (FK) or chitosan-added fermented kimchi (CFK) for four weeks. Body weights and feed intakes were measured weekly, and the intestinal contents were collected aseptically and were used for 16S rRNA gene profiling via pyrosequencing. As compared to the control, FK and CFK groups showed less body weight gain, feed efficiency, and blood triglyceride concentration. The diversity of intestinal microbiota was increased in both FK and CFK as compared to the control. At the phylum level, obesity-associated Firmicutes decreased, while leanness-associated Bacteroidetes increased. At the genus-level, the genera that consist of LAB, leanness-associated bacteria, and butyric acid-producing bacteria increased in FK and CFK as compared to the control. The overall results suggest that the consumption of fermented kimchi can reduce obesity and promote the host's health through mechanisms involving the modulation of intestinal microbiota.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.51-69
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• 2014

Objectives This study was aimed to investigate the effects of Sibjeondaebotanggamibang (SJT) on the wound-induced rats. Methods It was observed the effects of anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation by using of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 cells. For the observing on SJT anti-oxidation, it needed to mesure the total amount of polyphenol, DPPH scavenging ability, ABTS scavenging ability and the value of ROS production. In order to observe on the anti-inflammation of SJT, it was mesured the value of No and Cytokine (TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6). It needed to make a scar (around $2{\times}2cm^2$) on the top of the fascia in the back of the rats and then the rats were divided into 4 groups (n=6). Control group was not treated at all, whereas SJ group was orally medicated SJT, Terra group was per-cutaneously applied Terramycin, and SJ+Terra group was both orally medicated SJT and percutaneously applied Terramycin per day for three weeks. The size of wound was measured with Digimatic Caliper and the blood samples (WBC, neutrophil, monocyte, lymphocyte) were analyzed using Minos-ST, which were collected by cardiac puncture. The effect on inflammatory cytokine (TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6), immunological cells in synovial fluid was measured. To measure the wound factor expressed by wounded skin sample, we extracted RNA and to investigate MMP-1,2,9 we used RT-PCR. For performing histopathological examinations, we paralyzed the rats by ether, and extracted wounded skin tissues, which were measured by H & E, and monitored on the optical microscope. Results 1. DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity of SJT was increased concentration-dependantly, and ROS scavenging activity was significantly increased (10, $100{\mu}g/ml$). 2. NO production was significantly reduced in SJT treated cells ($100{\mu}g/ml$), both TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 in SJT treated cells (1, 10, $100{\mu}g/ml$), and IL-$1{\beta}$ in SJT treated cells (1, $100{\mu}g/ml$). 1. The size of wound was significantly decreasing in SJ group, Terra group, SJ+Terra group. 2. WBC was significantly reduced in SJ and SJ+Terra group, monocyte in SJ+Terra group. Neutrophil was also reduced in SJ, SJ+Terra group but meaningless. 3. TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 were significantly reduced in SJ group, Terra group, SJ+Terra group, and IL-$1{\beta}$ in SJ+Terra group. 4. mRNA expression in MMP-1 was significantly reduced in SJ group. 5. Collegan production and chronic inflammation were significantly decreased in SJ group, Terra group, SJ+Terra groups. Re-epithelization on the skin in Terra group, SJ+Terra groups was decreased. Conclusions According to this in vitro experiment, Sibjeondaebotanggamibang (SJT) has the effects of anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory. By in vivo experiment, SJT has the effects of anti-inflammatory. Moreover, the progress of recovery was found visually, heamatologically, genetically and histopathologically. In conclusion, it could be thought that SJT has effect on the treating of wound.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1421-1429
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• 2017

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of dietary provision of lactic acid bacteria (LB) and sea tangle (ST) on the obesity-associated intestinal microbiota in rats with obesity induced by a high-fat diet. Forty-eight 8-wk-old Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a basal diet (CON), a high fat diet (HFD; CON supplemented with 10% lard), HF supplemented with LB [HFL; $5{\times}10^8cfu$ of each of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium lactis], or HFL containing 10% ST (HFLS), with 4 replicates (cages) of 3 rats per dietary treatment, for 6 wk, and the intestinal microbiota were determined by pyrosequencing. The HFL and HFLS groups exhibited reduced rates of weight gain than the HF group, and the former groups had smaller ratios of Firmicutes and greater ratios of Bacteriodetes, with decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios, than the latter at the level of the phylum. Compared with the results for the HF group, HFL and HFLS had reduced ratios of the families of Roseburia, Mollicute, Erysipelotrichi, and Oscillibacter within Firmicutes associated with obesity and increased ratios of the families of Prevotella, Alistipes and Bacteroides within the Bacterioidetes phylum known to have an anti-obesity effect. The content of butyric acid in feces was greater in the HFLS group vs. HF and HFL. In conclusion, the present results suggest that dietary provision of LB plus ST has an anti-obesity effect and induced changes in intestinal microorganisms, and enhanced the content of butyric acid, which is an intestinal metabolite.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.690-696
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effect of extracts from Canavalia gladiata (CGE) on gastric inflammation induced by alcohol treatment in SD rats. Rats were divided into four groups: G1 (normal group), G2 (gastric inflammation induced by alcohol), G3 (gastric inflammation induced by alcohol with lansoprazole pretreatment), G4 (gastric inflammation induced by alcohol with 250 mg/kg b.w. CGE pretreatment), G5 (gastric inflammation induced by alcohol with 500 mg/kg b.w. CGE pretreatment). After the oral administration of 40% alcohol and samples for seven days, acute gastritis was induced with 70% alcohol and 0.15 M HCl. After 1 h of alcohol administration, the animals were sacrificed. Groups pretreated with lansoprazole or CGE showed an attenuation of gastric mucosal injury, including decreases in sub-epithelial loss, hemorrhages, and gastric juice secretion induced by administration of alcohol. The oral administration of CGE (500 mg/kg b.w.) significantly decreased the levels of TBARS. To examine molecular factors that regulate inflammation, the protein expression of NF-${\kappa}B$ and COX-2 were measured through immuno-histochemistry. Compared with the normal group (G1), the expression of NF-${\kappa}B$ and COX-2 were clearly increased in G2. COX-2 and NF-${\kappa}B$ were expressed even higher in groups pretreated with CGE compared to G2. In conclusion, our data show that Canavalia gladiata has inhibitory and protective effects on gastric inflammation induced by alcohol treatment in SD rats.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.938-946
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• 2017

This study was conducted to examine the changes in serum lipid components and blood glucose by krill (Euphausia superba) meal and sodium fluoride (NaF) in rats fed on experimental diets and administered orally to NaF 10 mg for 5 weeks. Body weight of rats decreased as the amount of krill meal diet increased, it was observed the basal diet plus NaF group (BF group) compared to the lower basal diet group (BD group). The serum concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, free cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), phospholipid (PL) and blood glucose in serum were higher in the BF group than the 10% krill meal group plus NaF 10 mg (KF10 group) or BD group, the 20% krill meal plus NaF 10 mg group (KF20 group), the 30% krill meal plus NaF 10 mg group (KF30 group). Conversely depending on the content of krill meal for the HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol level, it showed higher results. The concentration of total protein was no significant difference among the groups (p<0.05). The results indicate that a krill meal diet effectively inhibited increases in lipid elevation and blood glucose level in the sera of rats.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.53-59
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• 2008

Purpose: The non-receptor-type protein tyrosine kinase Syk (636 amino acids, 72 kDa) is ubiquitously expressed in hematopoietic stem cells and has been widely studied as a regulator and effector of B cell receptor signaling that occurs in processes such as differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. However, the mechanism relating Syk and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38MAPK) by endothelin-1 (ET-1, 21 amino acids) stimulation in muscle cells, especially in the volume-dependent hypertensive state, remains unclear. Methods: In this study, we investigated the relationship between Syk and p38MAPK for isometric contraction and enzymatic activity by ET-1 from rat aortic smooth muscle cells and aldosterone-analogue deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) hypertensive state rats (ADHR). Results: The systolic blood pressure was significantly increased in ADHR than in a control group of animals. ET-1 induced isometric contraction and phosphorylation of p38MAPK, which was increased in muscle strips from ADHR. Increased vasoconstriction and phosphorylation of p38MAPK induced by treatment with 30 nM ET-1 were inhibited by the use of 10${\mu}M$ SB203580, an inhibitor of p38MAPK from ADHR. Furthermore, ET-1 induced isometric contraction and phosphorylation of Syk and p38MAPK, which were increased in the aortic smooth muscle cells. Increased tension and phosphorylation of Syk and p38MAPK induced by ET-1 were inhibited by SB203580 from rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Conclusion: These results, suggest that the Syk activity affects ET-1-induced contraction through p38MAPK in smooth muscle cells and that the same pathway directly or indirectly is associated with volume dependent hypertension. The findings suggest the need to develop cardiovascular disease-specialized physical therapy.