• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1195-1201
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• 2005

This paper deals with procedures and results for teal time implementation of G.729 speech coder and channel coder including convolution codec, viterbi decoder, and interleaver using a fixed point DSP chip for radio communication systems. We described the method for real-time implementation based on integer simulation results and explained the implemented results by quality performance and required complexity for real-time operation. The required complexity was 24MIPS and 9MIPS in computational load, and 12K words and 4K words in execution code length for speech and channel. The functional evaluation was performed into two steps. The one was bit exact comparison with a fixed point C code, the other was executed by actual speech samples and error test vectors. Unlik other results such as individual implementation, We implemented speech and channel coders on a DSP chip with 160MIPS computation capability and 64 K words memory on chip. This results outweigh the conventional methods in the point of system complexity and implementation cost for radio communication system.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.741-746
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• 2010

It is necessary to estimate more accurately the resistance of barge in still water and waves to compute the break load of towline and towing power for safety towing performance. The method proposed by government has calculated the total resistance of barge which is composed of frictional resistance, wave making resistance and air resistance considering the shape of hull and towing speed. However, the added resistance is equally applied with the significant wave height regardless of the type of vessels. In this study, we have carried out the numerical calculation to estimate the added resistance of wigley model in waves and compared with the experiment data to confirm the accuracy of the method. Then the computation was executed for the barge varying shape of the bow. As a result, added resistance of barge was differently occurred i.e. 0.3∼1.1 ton according to encounter angle, 0.4∼1.2 ton according to towing speed and 0.5∼1.1 ton according to shape of bow.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.449-456
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• 2010

The HCCI engine is a prospective internal combustion engine with which high diesel-like efficiencies and very low NOx and particulate emissions can be achieved. However, several technical issues must be resolved before HCCI engines can be used for different applications. One of the issues concerning the HCCI engine is that the operating range of this engine is limited by the rapid pressure rise caused by the release of excessive heat. This heat release is because of the self-accelerated combustion reaction occurring in the engine and the resulting engine knock in the high-load region. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of thermal stratification and fuel stratification in reducing the pressure rise rate in an HCCI engine. The concentrations of NOx and CO in the exhaust gas are also evaluated to confirm combustion completeness and NOx emission. The computation is carried out with the help of a multizone code, by using the information on the detailed chemical kinetics and the effect of thermal and fuel stratification on the onset of ignition and rate of combustion. The engine is fueled with dimethyl ether (DME), which allows heat release to occur in two stages, as opposed to methane, which allows for heat release in a single stage.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.876-888
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• 1986

The Study is concerned with the analysis of unconstrained axisymmetric piercing as a nonsteady forging process by the rigid-plastic finite element method. In the numerical analysis of axisymmetric piercing, the initial velocity field is generated by assuming the material as a linear viscous material to begin with in order to facilitate the input handling and to ensure better convergencey. The strain-hardening effect for nonsteady deformation and the friction of the die-material interial interface are considered in the formulation. Rigid body treatment is also incorporated in the developed program. The experiments are carried out for aluminum alloy specimens (A1204) with different specimen heights. It is shown that the experimental results are in excellent agreement with the finite element simulations is deformed configuration. For load prediction the theoretical prediction shows excellent agreement with th eexperimental laod in the initial stage of loading before fracture of the specimen is not initiated. Distribution of stresses, strains and strain rates has been found for the given cases in computation. On this basis several fracture criteria are introduced in order to check the fracture initiation. It is found that maximum shear criterion is capable of good fracture prediciton.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2020

Traditionally used analytical approach to predict the fatigue failure of reinforced concrete (RC) structure is generally conservative and has certain limitations. The nonlinear finite element method (FEM) offers less expensive solution for fatigue analysis with sufficient accuracy. However, the conventional implicit dynamic analysis is very expensive for high level computation. Whereas, an explicit dynamic analysis approach offers a computationally operative modelling to predict true responses of a structural element under periodic loading and might be perfectly matched to accomplish long life fatigue computations. Hence, this study simulates the fatigue behaviour of RC beams with finite element (FE) assemblage presenting a simplified explicit dynamic numerical solution to show computer aided fatigue behaviour of RC beam. A commercial FEM package, ABAQUS has been chosen for this complex modelling. The concrete has been modelled as a 8-node solid element providing competent compression hardening and tension stiffening. The steel reinforcements are simulated as two-node truss elements comprising elasto-plastic stress-strain behaviour. All the possible nonlinearities are duly incorporated. Time domain analysis has been adopted through an automatic Newmark-β time incremental technique. The program consists of twelve RC beams to visualize the real behaviour during fatigue process and to obtain the reliability of the study. Both the numerical and experimental results indicate a redistribution of stresses along the time and damage accumulation of beam which severely affect the serviceability and ultimate capacity of RC beam. The output of the FEM analysis demonstrates good match with the experimental consequences which affirm the efficacy of the computer aided model. The controlled fatigue damage evolution at service fatigue load limits makes the FE model an efficient tool in predicting high cycle fatigue behaviour of RC structures.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.15 no.4 s.42
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• pp.423-433
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• 2005

For the design of spread foundation and the stability evaluation, we compared and analyzed it for theoretical, empirical bearing capacity formulas, and various settlement computation formulas, by conducting the plate bearing test at the site of A and B, which consisted of gneiss weathered soil. In addition, we considered the effective method of stability evaluation by carrying out the plate bearing test carried out on the ground consisted of weathering soil of gneiss. Consequently, it was found out that the allowablebearing capacity by the theoretical formula of Terzaghi was too excessive in comparison with the result of the plate bearing test and the Terzaghi-Peck method, which was used widely domestically in designing the spread foundation. It was more effective for a stable design. As a result of the plate bearing test carried out, on the ground consisted of weathering soil. It was found that reviewing the stability by the bearing capacity calculated with load-settlement curve. It is evaluated in a safer side than the point of view of the settlement.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.1311-1326
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• 2010

Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks consume the most bandwidth in the current Internet and file sharing accounts for the majority of the P2P traffic. Thus it is important for a P2P file sharing application to be efficient in bandwidth consumption. Bandwidth consumption as much as downloaded file sizes is inevitable, but those in file search and bad downloads, e.g. wrong, corrupted, or malicious file downloads, are overheads. In this paper, we target to reduce these overheads even in the presence of high volume of malicious users and their bad files. Sybil attacks are the example of such hostile environment. Sybil attacker creates a large number of identities (Sybil nodes) and unfairly influences the system. When a large portion of the system is subverted, either in terms of the number of users or the number of files shared in the system, the overheads due to the bad downloads rapidly increase. We propose ELiSyR, a file search protocol that can tolerate such a hostile environment. ELiSyR uses social networks for P2P file search and finds benign files in 71% of searches even when more than half of the users are malicious. Furthermore, ELiSyR provides similar success with less bandwidth than other general efforts against Sybil attacks. We compare our algorithm to SybilGuard, SybilLimit and EigenTrust in terms of bandwidth consumption and the likelihood of bad downloads. Our algorithm shows lower bandwidth consumption, similar chances of bad downloads and fairer distribution of computation loads than these general efforts. In return, our algorithm takes more rounds of search than them. However the time required for search is usually much less than the time required for downloads, so the delay in search is justifiable compared to the cost of bad downloads and subsequent re-search and downloads.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.473-480
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• 2003

Iterative reconstruction methods have played a prominent role in emission computed tomography due to their remarkable advantages over the conventional filtered backprojection method. However, since iterative reconstructions typically are comprised of repeatedly projecting and backprojecting the data, the computational load required for reconstructing an image depends highly on the performance of the projector-backprojector pair used in the algorithm. In this work we compare quantitative performance of representative methods for implementing projector-backprojector pairs. To reduce the overall cost for the projection-backprojection operations for each method, we investigate how previously computed results can be reused so that the number of redundant calculations can be minimized. Our experimental results demonstrate that the ray tracing method not only outperforms other methods in computation time, but also provides improved reconstructions with good accuracy.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.274-285
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• 2011

The supercavitating vehicle is an underwater vehicle that is surrounded almost completely by a supercavity to reduce hydrodynamic drag substantially. Since the cruise speed of the vehicle is much higher than that of conventional submarines, the drag force is huge and a buckling may occur. The buckling phenomenon is analyzed in this study through static and dynamic approaches. Critical buckling load and pressure as well as buckling mode shapes are calculated using static buckling analysis and a stability map is obtained from dynamic buckling analysis. When the finite element method (FEM) is used for the buckling analysis, the solver requires a linear static solver and an eigenvalue solver. In this study, these two solvers are integrated and a consolidated buckling analysis module is constructed. Furthermore, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is combined in the buckling analysis module to perform a design optimization computation of a simplified supercavitating vehicle. The simplified configuration includes cylindrical shell structure with three stiffeners. The target for the design optimization process is to minimize total weight while maintaining the given structure buckling-free.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.30 no.1_2
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• pp.129-139
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• 2003

The PC cluster architecture is considered as a cost-effective alternative to the existing supercomputers for realizing a high-performance information retrieval (IR) system. To implement an efficient IR system on a PC cluster, it is essential to achieve maximum parallelism by having the data appropriately distributed to the local hard disks of the PCs in such a way that the disk I/O and the subsequent computation are distributed as evenly as possible to all the PCs. If the terms in the inverted index file can be classified to closely related clusters, the parallelism can be maximized by distributing them to the PCs in an interleaved manner. One of the goals of this research is the development of methods for automatically clustering the terms based on the likelihood of the terms' co-occurrence in the same query. Also, in this paper, we propose a method for duplicate distribution of inverted index records among the PCs to achieve fault-tolerance as well as dynamic load balancing. Experiments with a large corpus revealed the efficiency and effectiveness of our method.