• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.41-77
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• 2021

Let M be a semi-invariant submanifold of codimension 3 with almost contact metric structure (��, ξ, η, g) in a complex space form Mn+1(c), c ≠ 0. We denote by Rξ = R(·, ξ)ξ and A(i) be Jacobi operator with respect to the structure vector field ξ and be the second fundamental form in the direction of the unit normal C(i), respectively. Suppose that the third fundamental form t satisfies dt(X, Y ) = 2��g(��X, Y ) for certain scalar ��(≠ 2c)and any vector fields X and Y and at the same time Rξ is ��∇ξξ-parallel, then M is a Hopf hypersurface in Mn(c) provided that it satisfies RξA(1) = A(1)Rξ, RξA(2) = A(2)Rξ and ${\bar{r}}-2(n-1)c{\leq}0$, where ${\bar{r}}$ denotes the scalar curvature of M.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.259-267
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• 2022

We use L_∞ models to compute the rational homotopy type of the mapping space of the component of the natural inclusion i_n,k : ℂPⁿ ↪ ℂP^n+k between complex projective spaces and show that it has the rational homotopy type of a product of odd dimensional spheres and a complex projective space. We also characterize the mapping aut₁ ℂPⁿ → map(ℂPⁿ, ℂP^n+k; i_n,k) and the resulting G-sequence.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.311-315
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• 2000

The Fe(II)-isothiocyanato complex $trans-[FeH(NCS)(dppe)_2]$ (1) eactedwith iodomethane(Mel) to give methyl isothiocyanide-Fe(n) complex, $trans-FeH(NCS(Me)-S)(dppe)_2]I(2)$. Compound 2 was oxidized to $trans-[Fe(NCS)_2(Ph_2P(O)CH_2CH_2P(O)Ph_2)_2][I_3]$ (3), which was structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction. The molecular structure of 3 showed a bent Fe-NCS group, Crystallographic data for 3: triclinic space group P1,a=11.071(2) A,b=12.054(2)A,c=12.121(1)A, $\alpha=101.02(1){\circ}C{\beta}=95.887(9){\circ}Cr=110.34(1){\circ}C$, $Z=1R(wR_2)=0.0567(0.1294)$.

• Acta Via Serica
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.73-90
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• 2018

The Silk Road tied the globe together for the first time by producing an early globalization phenomenon. Some consider that the ancient Silk Road disintegrated around the $18^{th}$ century CE due to the fall of the Muslim empires and the kingdoms between Asia and Europe. However, the maritime trade among East Asia and the Spanish dominion on the American continent reactivated the ancient Silk Road on some levels, and maintained trade dynamics until the $19^{th}$ century. This was possible because of Mexican silver and trade spots. Notwithstanding its historical background, Mexico seems so far away from the new Silk Road, or the Belt and Road Initiative in the $21^{st}$ century. Thus, this paper analyzes Mexico's historic and current role concerning the Silk Road. First, I conceptualize and compare the ancient Silk Road and Belt and Road Initiative through the lens of complex interdependence theory. I propose that, unlike the ancient Silk Road, the Belt and Road Initiative is a case of an induced complex interdependence. Second, I study the Manila Galleons' dynamics in order to trace the ancient ties with the Silk Road. I emphasize Mexican silver's contribution to East Asian economies and the importance of Mexico's role in the East Asia-Spanish trade. Consequently, I analyze Mexico's position in the Belt and Road Initiative. Finally, I present some concluding remarks about Mexico's role in the Silk Road.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.265-269
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• 1995

Complexation of ortho-xylyl-17-crown-5 (X17C5) with alkali metal ions in acetonitrile was studied by 7Li and 23Na NMR spectroscopy. The complex formation constants of X17C5 with LiI, LiSCN, NaI, and NaSCN were determined by investigating the changes in the chemical shifts as a function of the concentration ratio of X17C5 to metal ion. It was found that X17C5 forms 1:1 complex with Li+ and Na+ ions and the log Kf's for the complexation with LiI, LiSCN, NaI, and NaSCN were determined to be 2.88, 2.43, 2.53, and 2.30, respectively. In particular, the kinetics of complexation of X17C5 with Na+ was investigated by the method of 23Na NMR lineshape analysis. Activation energies were determined from Arrhenius plot of the resultant rate constant data to be 25.4 kJ/mol for NaI and 15.1 kJ/mol for NaSCN. Other kinetic parameters were also calculated by employing the Eyring equation. The decomplexation rates measured were 1.82 × 104 M-1s-1 for NaI and 1.50 × 104 M-1s-1 for NaSCN. It is concluded that the decomplexation mechanism is predominantly a bimolecular cation exchange for both cases.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.951-959
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• 2003

A series of typical (chlorpromazine, haloperidol and thioridazine) and atypical (risperidone, quetiapine, clozapine and olanzapine) antipsychotics were tested for effects on integrated bioenergetic functions of isolated rat liver mitochondria. Polarographic measurement of oxygen consumption in freshly isolated mitochondria showed that electron transfer activity at respiratory complex I is inhibited by chlorpromazine, haloperidol, risperidone, and quetiapine, but not by clozapine, olanzapine, or thioridazine. Chlorpromazine and thioridazine act as modest uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. The typical neuroleptics inhibited NADH-coenzyme Q reductase in freeze-thawed mitochondria, which is a direct measure of complex I enzyme activity. The inhibition of NADH-coenzyme Q reductase activity by the atypicals risperidone and quetiapine was 2-4 fold less than that for the typical neuroleptics. Clozapine and olanzapine had only slight effects on NADH-coenzyme Q reductase activity, even at 200 $\mu$ M. The relative potencies of these neuroleptic drugs as inhibitors of mitochondrial bioenergetic function is similar to their relative potencies as risk factors in the reported incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms, including tardive dyskinesia (TD). This suggests that compromised bioenergetic function may be involved in the cellular pathology underlying TD.

• BMB Reports
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.496-501
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• 2001

Lincomycin, an inhibitor of plastid protein synthesis, was found to block the synthesis of apoprotein P700 with a molecular mass of 72 kDa and the assembly of the Chl a-protein of PS I. Synthesis of the polypeptides of 48, 43.5, and 32 kDa of the PS II complex is also suppressed. This process is accompanied by the disappearance of the PS Two reaction center Chl a at 683 nm, and of the PS One reaction center Chl a at 690, 696, and 705 nm on the fourth derivative of the absorption spectra at 77K. Lincomycin does not affect the synthesis of LHC subunits. It increases the content of the two main Chl forms of LHC at 648 nm (Chl b) and 676 nm (Chl a). The low-temperature fluorescence ratio F736/F685 is also increased. However, the effect of cycloheximide (an inhibitor of cytoplasmic protein synthesis) leads to the reduction of polypeptides of the light-harvesting Chl a/b-protein complex in the range of 29.5-22 kDa. Under these conditions, the relative amount of Chl b and the F736/ F685 fluorescence ratio decrease significantly. This is obviously the result of blocking the LHC I and LHC II synthesis. At the same time rifampicin and actinomycin D (inhibitors which block transcription in chloroplast and nuclear genome, respectively) inessentially affect the characteristics of these complexes.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.181-187
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the clinical effects of 8 constitution acupuncture on a patient with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I. Methods : In this study, a patient with CRPS was treated by 8 constitution acupuncture therapy. He was diagnosed in the Cholecystonia of 8 constitution diagnosis. The progress of symptoms were evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS) and sleeping time. VAS and sleeping time were evaluated at 7:00 am daily. Results : VAS decreased from 10 to 4, while sleeping time increased from 30 minutes to 3 hours. Conclusion : The results suggest that 8 constitution acupuncture is effective for treating symptoms of CRPS type I.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.5 no.8
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• pp.1368-1387
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• 2011

In recent years, ubiquitous and pervasive scenarios have emerged as a complex ecosystem where differentiated software/hardware components interoperate wirelessly and seamlessly. The goal is to enable users to continuously access services and contents, and to always get the best out of their current environment and available resources. In such dynamic and flexible scenarios, the need emerges for flexible and general solutions for continuous runtime self-reconfiguration and self-optimization of ubiquitous support software systems. This paper proposes a fully reconfigurable middleware approach that aims at reconfiguring complex software systems made up of heterogeneous off-the-shelf components from both functional and non-functional perspectives. Our middleware can also extend already existing and non-reconfigurable middleware/applications in an easy and flexible way, with no need to re-design them. The proposed design principles have been practically applied to the implementation of a runtime self-reconfigurable middleware called Off-The-Shelf Ready To Go (OTS-RTG), implemented on top of iPOJO. The reported experimental results both exhibit a limited overhead and show the wide applicability of the proposed solution to many application scenarios, including complex, industrial, Enterprise Service Bus-based ones.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.791-795
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• 1999

The crystal structure of a cyclopropane sorption complex of dehydrated fully Ca (2+) -exchanged zeolite X, Ca46Si100Al92O384· 30C3H6 (a = 24.988(4) Å), has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques in the cubic space group Fd3 at 21(1)℃. The crystal was prepared by ion exchange in a flowing stream of 0.05M aqueous Ca(NO3)2 for four days, followed by dehydration at 460℃ and 2×10 (-6) Torr for two days, and exposure to 100 Torr of cyclopropane gas at 21(1)℃. The structure was determined in this atmosphere and refined to the final error indices R1 = 0.068 and R2 = 0.082, with 373 reflections for which I > 3σ (I). In this structure, Ca 2+ ions are located at two crystallographic sites. Sixteen Ca 2+ ions fill the octahedral sites I at the centers of the hexagonal prisms (Ca-O = 2.412(9)Å). The remaining 30 Ca 2+ ions are at sites Ⅱ; each extends 0.46Å into the supercage (an increase of 0.16Å upon C3H6 sorption) where it coordinates to three trigonally arranged framework oxygens at 2.311(8)Å. Each of the 30 cyclopropane molecules was found to complex to Ca 2+ ions at site II by the induced dipole interaction (Ca-C = 2.99(4)Å). All carbon atoms in each cyclopropane molecule are equivalent and equidistant from Ca 2+ ions at site II with which they are associated.