• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2024

Background: As pollutants caused by non-point sources flow into rivers, river water quality monitoring for fecal pollution is becoming increasingly important. Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the distribution of microbial communities in the Yeongsangang River water system and sewage treatment plants in Gwangju and to evaluate their antibiotic resistance. Methods: In the experiment, samples were distributed to five selective media at each point and then cultured for 18 to 24 hours. When bacteria were observed, they were sub-cultured by size and shape and identified using MALDI-TOF MS equipment. When identification was completed, 17 types of antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed using VITEK II equipment, focusing on gram-negative dominant species among the identified strains. Results: During the study period, a total of 266 strains were isolated from 39 samples. Gram-positive bacteria were 37 strains in four genera, or 13.9% of the total, and Gram-negative bacteria were 229 strains in 23 genera, or 86.1% of the total. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of 23 strains, the major dominant species, showed that one strain (4.3%) was resistant to only one antibiotic, and two strains (8.7%) were 100% susceptible to the 17 antibiotics tested. The other 20 strains (87.0%) were multidrug resistant bacteria resistant to two or more antibiotics. There were various types of multidrug resistance. Among them, penicillin and cephalosporin series showed the highest resistance. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it was found that the bacterial community structure changed according to regional and environmental factors, and it was judged that continuous research such as genetic analysis of antibiotic-resistant bacteria present in natural rivers is necessary.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2008

목 적 : 최근 소아 복막염에서 methicillin에 대한 저항성을 갖는 균주가 증가하고 있어서 the International Pediatric Peritonitis Registry(IPPR) 가이드라인에 따른 초치료 경험적 약제의 선택의 효용성에 대해서 논란이 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 소아에서 발생한 복막염을 중심으로 ISPD 가이드라인을 따른 경험적 항균제 선택의 치료 효과적 유용성을 분석하였다. 방 법 : 2001년 1월부터 2007년 12월까지 7년간 삼성 서울 병원에서 복막 투석을 받은 경험이 있는 환자들을 대상으로 복막염을 일으킨 원인 균의 미생물학적 특성과 ISPD 가이드라인에 따라서 복막염을 치료 했을 때의 임상적 경과 등에 대해서 의무 기록을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결 과: 복막 투석을 받은 42명의 환자 중, 21명에서 48례의 복막염이 발생하였다. 복막염 발생율은 one episode over 35.3 patient-months였으며, 복막염 발생 전까지의 평균 투석 기간은 18.06$\pm$15.81개월이었다. 그람 양성균에 의한 복막염이 전체의 58.3%를 차지하였으며, 이중 S. aureus와 coagulase negative staphylococcus가 가장 많았다. 동정된 그람 양성균들 중 35.7%는 1세대 cephalosporin에 저항성을 보였으나 4세 이하의 환자에서는 50%가 저항성을 보였다. 그람 음성균 중에서는 E. coli가 가장 많았다. 동정된 모든 균들은 현재 사용중인 1세대 cephalosporin과 ceftazidime의 병합 요법에 64.8%가 감수성을 보였다. 결 론: 국내 소아 복막 투석 환자에서 발생한 복막염에서 경험적 항생제 초치료로 현재 사용중인 1세대 cephalosporin과 ceftazidime의 병합 요법은 여전히 효과적이다. 그러나 4세 미만의 환자에서는 경험적 항생제 초치료로 1세대 cephalosporin 대신 glycopeptide를 사용하는 것이 더 효과적일 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.46-52
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the significance of antibiotics in reducing postoperative infection rates and other complications following third molar surgery. Patients and methods : Two groups of patients underwent surgical extraction of third molars. The antibiotics group, n=21, received a third generation cephalosporin antibiotic for 5 days, starting from the day of surgery. The non-antibiotics group, n=26, didn't receive any antibiotics and only received analgesics to control postoperative pain. Body temperature and hematologic findings including WBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes counts were compared between the two groups at three intervals, preoperatively, 24 hours and 7-10 days postoperatively. Pain and swelling during the follow up period were also recorded in both groups and compared in the second part of the study. Results : In the first part of the study, comparison of body temperature, CBC components (except WBCs) showed no significant difference between the two groups during the follow up period. All parameters were within the normal range at all intervals, which indicated absence of infection. In the second part, 38% of patients in the antibiotic group, compared to 54% of the non-antibiotics group, had one or more complications during the follow up period. However, three patients from the antibiotic group compared to one from the nonantibiotics group reported having a swelling of some degree. Conclusion : Based on our objective parameters (body temperature and CBC components), both groups showed no signs of infection during the follow up period. However, the results related to pain and swelling were less conclusive, probably due to small number of patients included in the study. Accordingly, we are unable to provide definite recommendations on antibiotics use in third molar surgery.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.31-34
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• 2009

Purpose: This study compared the frequency of postoperative infections in patients for a closed mandibular fracture with that without the postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis. Patients and Methods: 48 patients without any specific medical history were divided into two groups depending on whether or not antibiotics had been applied after the surgery. The 24 patients in group 1 received only a second-generation cephalosporin ($Cefotetan^{(R)}$) intravenously from admission to immediate after the surgery. Likewise, 24 patients in group 2 received 1.0g of $Cefotetan^{(R)}$ twice daily longer than the third day after surgery. The mean (SD) duration of antibiotics administration after surgery was 6.9 (${\pm}3.56$). The patients were evaluated after surgery for any postoperative infections according to the criteria: purulent drainage from a wound, spontaneous wound dehiscence accompanied by swelling, pain, and fever around the wound. Results: Postoperative infections were encountered in 2 out of 24 patients in group 1, who received antibiotic medication until shortly after surgery, and in 3 out of the 24 patients in group 2, in whom the medication was continued even after the surgery. There was no sig nificant difference in the incidence of postoperative infections between the two groups. Conclusion: From this study, postoperative use of antibiotics seems to be unnecessary with view of the little significance of the factors that could affect the wound infection.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.322-328
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• 2005

Oral and maxillofacial infections are most commonly odontogenic in origin. The present study was implemented for patients with oral and maxillofacial infections in order to determine what differences were present in cultured bacteria, depending upon the different types of infection. For the present study, the epidemiological characteristics, the state of infection, and the results of the pus culture and antibiotic susceptibility tests were analyzed for the 159 cases where pus culture tests were performed. The patients were treated at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Department of Chonnam National University Hospital during an 18-months period from March 2003 to August 2004. Among the total 159 pus culture specimens, bacteria were cultured in 111 cases (69.8%). In the 111 pus culture specimens, Streptococcus species, Neisseria species, and Staphylococcus species were cultured from 69 cases (51.1%), 21 cases (15.6%), and 15 cases (11.1%), respectively and were determined to be bacterial strains the predominant bacteria responsible for oral and maxillofacial infectious diseases. Twenty four cases (15.1%) among the 159 specimens showed mixed infections. The mostly isolated bacteria from each of the space abscess, dentoalveolar abscess, inflammatory cyst, and pericoronitis cases were the Viridans streptococci. There was little relevance between the type of infection and the type of cultured bacteria. Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed a high level of susceptibility to teicoplanin(100%), vancomycin(100%), chloramphenicol(96.4%), ofloxacin(88.3%), imipenem(83.3%), erythromycin(82.5%) and a low susceptibility to cefazolin(40.0%), oxacillin(44.7%), ampicillin(49.4%), penicillin(51.1%). These results indicate that there was no significant difference among the cultured bacteria depending on the type of infections and their susceptibility to cephalosporin and penicillin G was low.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.292-306
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• 2023

항생제는 감염의 예방과 치료를 위해 사용된다. 이 연구는 치과에서 소아·청소년에게 처방하고 있는 항생제 동향을 분석하기 위해 수행됐다. 건강보험심사평가원에서 2016년부터 2020년까지 치과의료기관을 방문한 소아·청소년 환자들의 정보를 제공받았고, 연도, 성별, 나이, 가입된 보험 종류, 의료기관의 종별 분류, 지역에 따라 범주화하여 통계적으로 분석하였다. Amoxicillin과 Cephalosporin계열 항생제가 전체 항생제 처방에서 약 96%를 차지하여, 치과에서 가장 많이 처방되는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 낮은 연령일수록 치과적 외상, 치수염, 치성 농양을 이유로 항생제가 처방되는 빈도가 높았으며, 연령이 높을수록 매복치, 치주 문제로 항생제를 처방하는 빈도가 높아졌다. 항생제는 평균적으로 3.13일 처방되었고 항생제 처방률은 나이, 성별, 가입된 보험 종류, 의료기관의 종별 분류, 지역에 따라 유의미한 차이를 보였다(p < 0.05). 이 연구는 항생제 처방에 다양한 사회, 경제학적 요소가 영향을 주는 것을 확인해 주었고, 따라서 항생제 처방에 대해 주도면밀한 관찰 및 감시가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.305-314
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• 2004

An exopolysaccharide-producing microalgal dinoflagellate was isolated from a red-tide bloom and des­ignated strain KG03. A bacteria-free culture of strain KG03 was achieved using a modified wash with phototaxis and antibiotic treatment. Combined treatment with neomycin and cephalosporin was the most effective for eliminating the bacteria associated with the microalgae. Strain KG03 was identified as Gyrodinium impudicum by analyzing the ITS regions of the 5.8S rDNA, 18S rDNA, morphological phenotype and fatty acid composition. The exopolysaccharide production and cell growth in a 300-ml photobioreactor were increased 2.7- and 2.4-fold, respectively, compared with that in a flask culture at the first isolation step.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 1998

In order to investigate reproductive disorder in dairy cows, 312 uterine from abattroirs and 56 cows from dairy farms were examined. The ovary and uterine were collected from abattroirs and rectal palpation was carried out in the case of reproductive disorder at dairy farm. Microbiological examination was also carried out from the collected samples. 1. Out of 312 ovaria from slaughter-house, cystic ovary and endometritis were classified as 51(16%) and 134(43%), respectively. And of 56 dairy cow from farms, 43(77%) were identifies as endometritis. 2. The main cause of reproductive disorder was classified as hormonal imbalances, endometritis and cystic ovary, singly or in combination. 3. The main causative agents of endometritis was encountered as E coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp and Corynebacterium sp. 4. The highest susceptible antibiotics to the isolates was cephalosporin.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.306.3-307
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• 2002

According to recent studies. cefodizime. a third generation cephalosporin antibiotic agent. may potentially have the capability of stimulating chemotactic activity of neutrophils and monocytes as well as the strong immuno-modulator. We have studied to see if cefodizime can be a potential substance inducing an Immunological activities on immune cells. such as dendritic cells and macrophages. In experimental process. dendritic cell and macrophage were taken from mice and mixed with 10${\mu}\ell$/$m\ell$. 50$${\mu}\ell$/$m\ell$, 100${\mu}\ell$/$m\ell$.cefodizime and 1$${\mu}\ell$/$m\ell$ IFN-${\gamma} 10U/$m\ell$＋LPS. (omitted)

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2001년도 International Symposium on Dietary and Medicinal Antimutgens and Anticarcinogens
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• pp.180-180
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• 2001

The mutagenic potency of a new antibiotics, IDC- 7181, was evaluated using the mutagenicity tests including Ames, chromosome aberration and micronucleus tests. In bacterial reversion assay, IDC-7181 did not show any mutagenic response in the absence or presence of S9 mixture with Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TAlOO, TA1535 and TA1537 and E. coli WP2uvrA-(100, 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 $\mu\textrm{g}$/plate).(omitted)