• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.358-363
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• 2014

We was investigated parasporal inclusion proteins change to use industrial medium of new strain Bacillus thuringiensis CAB 565, CAB 566. To confirm medium's oxygen efficient consist of glucose and yeast extract, we was conducted oxygen transfer coefficients (KLa) of medium's concentration and impeller in 20 l-Jar fermentor. When to increase air flow rate and medium concentration, KLa rate is rise. Also it is effective on agitation rate 200 rpm, but KLa rate is decrease when to rise agitation rate. To hold dissolved oxygen rate (upper 50%), Air flow rate is steadily increase on culture to use microsparger. When 16 hour of culture stage, B.t. CAB 565 and B.t. CAB 566 harvested respectively $2.3{\times}10^{10}$, $1.8{\times}10^{10}$ viable cell/ml. When 54 hour, B.t. CAB565, 566 harvested respectively $1.9{\times}10^{10}$, $1.4{\times}10^{10}spore/ml$. To resulting carbon's concentration, It is the most effective that glucose concentration is contained 5% in medium.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2001

A CAB cDNA vector(pKGCAB), encoding the light harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein in Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer), was constructed with the CaMV35S promoter of plant expression vector. The chimeric vector was transformed into tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum cv. NC 82) using Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA 4404 strain, and the transgenic tobacco plant CAB-TP2 was selected. Photosynthetic rates of the CAB-TP2 plant at before-flowering stage were increased about 20% under low irradiance conditions of quantum 100 and 500 $\mu$mol.m$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ , however, the rates were similar to those of NC 82 under quantum 1000 and 2000 $\mu$mol.m$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ conditions. The plants were germinating under low- or normal irradiance condition and the quantum yield of photosystem III were measured. The differences of the Fv/Em values between conditions were 0.07 and 0.01 in NC 82 and CAB-TP2, respectively. The mature leaves in the position 8-10 of the CAB-TP2 at before-flowering stage revealed l0% higher Fv/Fm values in range of 0.759 to 0.781 and 40% more chlorophyll contents of 70-93mg/$m\ell$ than those of normal NC 82. These data suggest the possibility that the increase in photosynthetic activity of leaves under low light intensity in the canopy of CAB-TP2 transgenic tobacco might lead to increase the quality of lower tobacco leaves.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.509-517
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• 2009

Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai CAB109 isolated in Korea is known active against Spodoptera sp.. Especially, B. thuringiensis aizawai CAB109 isolates showed 100% mortality against Spodoptera litura and Spodoptera exigua. To screen highly active B. thuringiensis, the pathogenicity of B. thuringiensis CAB109 was compared with that of commercialized B. thuringiensis products. $LC_{50}$ values of CAB109, product TB-WP and product SC strains of B. thuringiensis were $1.3{\times}10^5$, $2.3{\times}10^6$ and $5.2{\times}10^5\;cfu/ml$ against the 2nd larva of S. litura and $1.8{\times}10^4$, $1.3{\times}10^6$ and $1.5{\times}10^6\;cfu/ml$ against the 2nd larva S. exigua, respectively. To determine new gene's existence and absence, the plasmid DNA was extracted, and compared to that of B.t. aizawai HD-133. Both B. thuringiensis were not like plasmid DNA pattern. PCR technique was used to predict both plasmid DNA's cry gene. PCR products analysis showed that B.t. CAB109 harbor Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1C and Cry1D and B.t. HD-133 has Cry1Aa and Cry1Ab, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1987.07a
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• pp.63-79
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• 1987

Light regulates a variety of genes in higher plants. The expression of light-induced plant genes is regulated at the level of transcription via red- light photomorphogenic receptor, phytochrome, as well as unknown blue light photoreceptor(s). Ribulose-5-phosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) small subunit (SSB) and light harvesting chlorophyll a/b (Cab) protein are those of the best understood genes regulated by light. 5'-upstream flanking sequence (- -400) of Rubisco SSB and Cab genes sis known as a light responsive, enhance-like element. It responses to red and blue light in transgenic plant system as a tissue specific manner. Phytochrome gene is also regulated by light. In contrast to most of the light regulated plant genes, it is negatively controlled by red light. Search for the cis- and trans-acting factors responsible for the light signal is in progress to understant photomorphogenesis and development in higher plants.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1996.06a
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• pp.64-67
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• 1996

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.4943-4952
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• 2013

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies, with a very poor prognosis. Despite significant improvements in diagnosis and treatment in recent years, the long-term therapeutic efficacy is poor, partially due to tumor metastasis, tecurrence, and resistance to chemo-or radio-therapy. Recently, it was found that a major feature of tumors is a combination of unrestrained cell proliferation and impaired apoptosis. There are now 8 recogized members of the IAP-family: NAIP, c-IAP1, c-IAP2, XIAP, Survivin, Bruce, Livin and ILP-2. There proteins all contribute to ingibition of apoptosis, and provide new potential avenues of cancer treatment. As a powerful tool to suppress gene expression in mammalian cells, RNAi species for inhibiting IAP genes cab be directed against cancers. This review will provide a brief introduction to recent developments of the application IAP-siRNA in tumor studies, with the aim of inspiring future treatment of HCC.

• BMB Reports
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.235-236
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• 2017

The circadian clock is an internal system that is synchronized by external stimuli, such as light and temperature, and influences various physiological and developmental processes in living organisms. In the model plant Arabidopsis, transcriptional, translational and post-translational processes are interlocked by feedback loops among morning- and evening-phased genes. In a post-translational loop, plant-specific single-gene encoded GIGANTEA (GI) stabilize the F-box protein ZEITLUPE (ZTL), driving the targeted-proteasomal degradation of TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 (TOC1) and PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 5 (PRR5). Inherent to this, we demonstrate the novel biochemical function of GI as a chaperone and/or co-chaperone of Heat-Shock Protein 90 (HSP90). GI prevents ZTL degradation as a chaperone and facilitates ZTL maturation together with HSP90/HSP70, enhancing ZTL activity in vitro and in planta. GI is known to be involved in a wide range of physiology and development as well as abiotic stress responses in plants, but it could also interact with diverse client proteins to increase protein maturation. Our results provide evidence that GI helps proteostasis of ZTL by acting as a chaperone and a co-chaperone of HSP90 for proper functioning of the Arabidopsis circadian clock.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2004

It is known that Bacillus subtilis glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (GluRS) mischarges E. coli $tRNA_{1}$$^{Gln}$ with glutamate in vitro. It has also been established that the expression of B. subtilis GluRS in Escherichia coli results in the death of the host cell. To ascertain whether E. coli growth inhibition caused by B. subtilis GluRS synthesis is a consequence of Glu-$tRNA_{1}$$^{Gln}$ formation, we constructed an in vivo test system, in which B. subtilis GluRS gene expression is controlled by IPTG. Such a system permits the investigation of factors affecting E. coli growth. Expression of E. coli glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase (GlnRS) also amelio-rated growth inhibition, presumably by competitively preventing $tRNA_{1}$$^{Gln}$ misacylation. However, when amounts of up to 10 mM L-glutamine, the cognate amino acid for acylation of $tRNA_{1}$$^{Gln}$, were added to the growth medium, cell growth was unaffected. Overexpression of the B. subtilis gatCAB gene encoding Glu-$tRNA^{Gln}$ amidotransferase (Glu-AdT) rescued cells from toxic effects caused by the formation of the mis-charging GluRS. This result indicates that B. subtilis Glu-AdT recognizes the mischarged E. coli Glu-$tRNA_{1}$$^{Gln}$, and converts it to the cognate Gln-$tRNA_{1}$$^{Gln}$ species. B. subtilis GluRS-dependent Glu-$tRNA_{1}$$^{Gln}$ formation may cause growth inhibition in the transformed E. coli strain, possibly due to abnormal protein synthesis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.999-1008
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• 2012

The circadian clock is a self-sustaining 24-hour timekeeper that allows organisms to anticipate daily-changing environmental time cues. Circadian clock genes are regulated by a transcriptional-translational feedback loop. In Arabidopsis, LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY) and CIRCADIAN CLOCK-ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1) transcripts are highly expressed in the morning. Translated LHY and CCA1 proteins repress the expression of the TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 (TOC1) transcripts, which peaks in the evening. The TOC1 protein elevates the expression of the LHY and CCA1 transcripts, forming a negative feedback loop that is believed to constitute the oscillatory mechanism of the clock. In mammals, the transcription factor protein CLOCK, which is a central component of the circadian clock, was reported to have an intrinsic histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity, suggesting that histone acetylation is important for core clock mechanisms. However, little is known about the components necessary for the histone acetylation of the Arabidopsis clock-related genes. Here, I report that DET1 (De-Etiolated1) functions as a negative regulator of a key component of the Arabidopsis circadian clock gene LHY in constant dark phases (DD) and is required for the down-regulation of LHY expression through the acetylation of histone 3 (H3Ac). However, the HATs directly responsible for the acetylation of H3 within LHY chromatin need to be identified, and a link connecting the HATs and DET1 protein is still absent.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.262-270
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• 2017

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded, small RNAs (21-23 nucleotides) that function in gene silencing and translational inhibition via the RNA interference mechanism. Most miRNAs originate from host genomic regions, such as intergenic regions, introns, exons, and transposable elements (TEs). Here, we focused on the palindromic structure of medium reiteration frequencies (MERs), which are similar to precursor miRNAs. Five MER consensus sequences (MER5A1, MER53, MER81, MER91C, and MER117) were matched with paralogous transcripts predicted to be precursor miRNAs in the horse genome (equCab2) and located in either intergenic regions or introns. The MER5A1, MER53, and MER91C sequences obtained from RepeatMasker were matched with the eca-miR-544b, eca-miR-1302, and eca-miR-652 precursor sequences derived from Ensembl transcript database, respectively. Each precursor form was anticipated to yield two mature forms, and we confirmed miRNA expression in six different tissues (cerebrum, cerebellum, lung, spleen, adrenal gland, and duodenum) of one thoroughbred horse. MER5A1-derived miRNAs generally showed significantly higher expression in the lung than in other tissues. MER91C-derived miRNA-5p also showed significantly higher expression in the duodenum than in other tissues (cerebellum, lung, spleen, and adrenal gland). The MER117-overlapped expressed sequence tag generated polycistronic miRNAs, which showed higher expression in the duodenum than other tissues. These data indicate that horse MER transposons encode miRNAs that are expressed in several tissues and are thought to have biological functions.