• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.122-127
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to identify the volatile compounds and aroma-active compounds from acai berry (Euterpe oleracea). Volatiles were isolated by high vacuum distillation using solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) and liquid-liquid continuous extraction (LLCE). To identify the characteristic aroma-active compounds of acai berry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry was used. Aroma-active compounds were evaluated by aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). A total of 51 and 54 volatile compounds from acai berry were identified from SAFE and LLCE extracts, respectively. Alcohols were confirmed to be important volatile compounds in acai berry, as the major volatile compounds were 2-phenylethanol, (Z)-3-hexenol, and benzyl alcohol. ${\beta}-Damascenone$ (berry, rose), trans-linalool oxide (woody), (Z)-3-hexenol (grass), and 2-phenylethanol (rose, honey) were considered the aroma-active compounds in acai berry. The most intense aroma-active compound of acai berry was ${\beta}-damascenone$.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.313-318
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• 2011

This study was carried out to utilize the byproducts (flower, immature and mature berry, leaf and stem) of ginseng. Yield of byproducts were $32.7{\pm}9.8g$ in flower, $68.2{\pm}2.2g$ in immature berry, $48.5{\pm}4.3g$ in mature berry, $316.2{\pm}20.5g$ in leaf, and $296.6{\pm}15.4g$ in stem per $3.3m^2$ ($180{\times}90cm$, ginseng root $675.5{\pm}35.7g$/drybasis. The total saponin contents of ginseng byproducts and root are $52.36{\pm}1.24$, $68.71{\pm}1.98$, $168.89{\pm}0.57$, $68.26{\pm}1.32$, $7.85{\pm}0.61$ and $35.08{\pm}0.96$ mg/g, respectively. The main ginsenoside of all byproducts was Re and the highest content was $132.23{\pm}1.56$ mg/g in mature berry. But flower and berry was not detected Rf and Rh1, respectively. Total polyphenolic compound content on mature berry was the highest, $2.242{\pm}0.140%$, after, immature berry > leaf > flower > root > stem order. The DPPH radical scavenging activity on mature berry was the highest, $0.115{\pm}0.004$ mg/mL($IC_{50}$), and the others were the same order of polyphenolic compound and ginsenoside content on byproducts.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.26-30
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• 2010

The root of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is a commonly used herbal medicine in China, Korea, Japan. However, the compositions and effects of Korean ginseng berry are not clear to date. In order to investigate the anti-aging effects in the skin, Korean ginseng berry was extracted with 70% ethanol and tested the biological effects. In the results, Korean ginseng berry extract showed an excellent anti-oxidant effect against oxidative stress and decreased MMP-1 over-expression induced by UV irradiation. Especially the main component of Korean ginseng berry extract, ginsenoside Re, increased hyaluronic acid in HaCaT keratinocytes. We improved Korean ginseng berry could be a good material for the anti-aging effect of skin.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.299-306
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• 2019

Ginseng berry (GB) contains Ginsenoside Re and has anti-inflammatory and anti-wrinkle properties. In this study, TLC fractions 1, 2, and 4 of the ginseng berry amino acid complex were identified and analyzed by HPLC. And identified a peptide (AP-1) by LC/MASS analysis of fraction 1. The anti-inflammatory activity was confirmed by investigating the inhibitory effect of AP-1 on NO production. In addition, collagen synthesis using procollagen type I C-peptide (PIP) ELISA kit was 50% higher effective than that of the control group. From these results, the peptide isolated from ginseng berry amino acid complex is considered to have anti-inflammatory and anti-wrinkle effect, and may be useful as an anti-inflammatory and anti-aging cosmetic raw material.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.269-272
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• 2013

MGB-20 findings show that the ginseng berry extracts that had been processed with microwave and vinegar for 20 min peaked in the level of ginsenoside Rg2 (2.28%) and Rh1 (1.28%). MGB-1 peaked in the level of ginsenoside Rg3 (1.13%) in the ginseng berry extract processed with microwave and vinegar for 1 min.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.90-97
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• 2018

Background: Antihyperglycemic effects of Panax ginseng berry have never been explored in humans. The aims of this study were to assess the efficacy and safety of a 12-wk treatment with ginseng berry extract in participants with a fasting glucose level between 100 mg/dL and 140 mg/dL. Methods: This study was a 12-wk, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 72 participants were randomly allocated to two groups of either ginseng berry extract or placebo, and 63 participants completed the study. The parameters related to glucose metabolism were assessed. Results: Although the present study failed to show significant antihyperglycemic effects of ginseng berry extract on the parameters related to blood glucose and lipid metabolism in the total study population, it demonstrated that ginseng berry extract could significantly decrease serum concentration of fasting glucose by 3.7% (p = 0.035), postprandial glucose at 60 min during 75 g oral glucose tolerance test by 10.7% (p = 0.006), and the area under the curve for glucose by 7.7% (p = 0.024) in those with fasting glucose level of 110 mg/dL or higher, while the placebo group did not exhibit a statistically significant decrease. Safety profiles were not different between the two groups. Conclusion: The present study suggests that ginseng berry extract has the potential to improve glucose metabolism in human, especially in those with fasting glucose level of 110 mg/dL or higher. For a more meaningful benefit, further research in people with higher blood glucose levels is required.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.28-37
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• 2020

Ginseng berry contains a large amount of Ginsenoside Re and has anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hypoglycemic and whitening effects. In this study, Rhizopus Oligosporus strain was used to establish ginseng berry fermentation process and cosmetic pharmacological activity of ginseng berry fermented product was analyzed.. The electron donating ability of ginseng berry extract by fermentation shown 81% at 1,000 ㎍/mL concentration. The ABTS⁺ radical scavenging ability of shown 100.2% at 1,000 ㎍/mL concentration. The tyrosinase inhibitory effect which is related to skin-whitening, was 57% at the concentration of 1,000 ㎍/mL. The elastase inhibitory effect which is related to skin-wrinkle, was 47% at 1,000 ㎍/mL concentration. Also, the collagenase inhibition effect was 33% at 1,000 ㎍/mL concentration. From these results, ginseng berry extracts by fermentation is considered to have anti-inflammatory, anti-wrinkle effect and whitening effect. Therefor, ginseng berry fermented product is expected to be very useful as an anti-inflammatory and anti-aging cosmetic raw material.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.85-90
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• 2010

Several studies have demonstrated that ginseng-berry extract has several beneficial properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and vasodilation properties. Ginseng-berry extract has also been shown to have the great potential against skin aging. Its beneficial mechanism against skin aging, however, has not been examined in detail. Also, the effects of ginseng-berry extract on microcirculation and skin cellular responses have not been investigated. Inhibition of skin microcirculation is the primary cause of many adverse biological effects, which is responsible for the skin aging and darkening. We investigated the beneficial effects of ginseng-berry extract on blood circulation, transcutaneous oxygen pressure in vivo model and also on skin microcirculation, cellular response and skin brightening effect in clinical trial. We found that oral administration of ginseng-berry extract markedly increased blood flow rate and transcutaneous $O_2$ pressure, but decreased transcutaneous $CO_2$ pressure. Also, it improved skin tone on cheeks, as is skin brighteness. These results suggest that ginseng-berry extract is a potent candidate for the treatment of skin aging and brightening by improving skin microcirculation.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2013

We find a sufficient condition for optimal Berry-Esseen bounds in the normal approximation of functionals of Gaussian fields studied by Nourdin and Peccati (2009b).

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.5-9
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• 2017

This study was carried out to obtain the basic information that can be used to index Acanthopanax in eleven species of China and Korea. The phytochemical components from the berry of Acanthopanax species, were measured by the HPLC analysis. Protocatechuic acid, eleutheroside B, eleutheroside E, scopolin, rutin, hyperoside, chiisanoside, oleanolic acid were found in ethanol extracts from the berry of Acanthopanax species. Total phenolic compound of Acanthopanax sessiliflorum f. chungbuensis berry (0.682%) was about seven times higher than those of Acanthopanax divaricatus f. distigmatis berry (0.091%). As a result, the order of the eleutheroside E content was 1) Acanthopanax sessiliflorum f. chungbuensis (0.554%), 2) A. divaricatus var. albeofructus (0.501%), 3) A. divaricatus f. flavi-flos (0.452%). And also, the order of the chiisanoside content was 1) Acanthopanax senticosus var. subinermis (8.434%), 2) A. seoulense (0.94%), 3) A. divaricatus f. flavi-flos (0.798%).