• Mycobiology
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2015

To promote the selection of promising monokaryotic strains of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) during breeding, 61 progeny strains derived from basidiospores of two different lines of dikaryotic parental strains, ASI1038 and ASI1346, were analyzed by nucleotide sequencing of the intergenic spacer I (IGS I) region in their rDNA and by extracellular enzyme assays. Nineteen different sizes of IGS I, which ranged from 1,301 to 1,348 bp, were present among twenty ASI1346-derived progeny strains, while 15 different sizes of IGS I, which ranged from 700 to 1,347 bp, were present among twenty ASI1038-derived progeny strains. Phylogenetic analysis of the IGS sequences revealed that different clades were present in both the ASI10388- and ASI1346-derived progeny strains. Plating assays of seven kinds of extracellular enzymes (${\beta}$-glucosidase, avicelase, CM-cellulase, amylase, pectinase, xylanase, and protease) also revealed apparent variation in the ability to produce extracellular enzymes among the 40 tested progeny strains from both parental A. bisporus strains. Overall, this study demonstrates that characterization of IGS I regions and extracellular enzymes is useful for the assessment of the substrate-degrading ability and heterogenicity of A. bisporus monokaryotic strains.

• Mycobiology
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.249-255
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• 2010

We identified Lacrymaria velutina of the Coprinaceae in Korea. The unusually large and sturdy fruiting body, fibrillose to fibrillose-scaly cap and stalk without a volva with an obscure superior hairy ring zone or hairy annulus, and blackish brown, warted spores distinguished this species from closely related Psathyrella species. An illustrated account of the microscopic traits is presented. Fruiting bodies with obtusely hemispherical caps, 2.5~6 cm, becoming convex with age; surface dry, densely fibrillose-scaly with split margin; stipe, 4.5~6 cm, equal, hollow, fibrillose, dry, whitish above the superior ring zone, light brown below; crowded gills, adnexed, dark black at maturity. Pileipellis typically cellular with the gill edge appearing white and beaded. Blackish brown basidiospores that discolor in concentrated sulfuric acid. Spores elliptical, warted, $9\sim11{\times}6\sim8{\mu}m$, with prominent snout-like germpores. Cheilocystidia abundant, $57\sim68{\times}19\sim25{\mu}m$, and narrowly elongated clavate, often clustered in threes or fours. Pleurocystidia rarely present, $45\sim47.5{\times}12\sim13{\mu}m$, and clavate to utriform. This trait distinguishes our sample as L. velutina from other Psathyrella spp. of the Coprinaceae, which have smooth spores. This taxon was clarified by the observation that Psathyrella spores fade in concentrated sulfuric acid. A molecular phylogenetic study revealed that our specimen was Lacrymria velutipes, which is closely related to Lacrymaria lacrymabunda. Moreover, those two species are clearly distinguishable from other Psathyrella species, which agreed with the morphologically distinctive traits described above. We believe that this is the first report of this taxon, which has not been described in Korea.

• 식물병연구
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.209-212
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• 2003

2002년 경상남도 산청군 시천면 차나무 재배포장에서 잎에 떡병이 심하게 발생하였다. 병징은 잎에 작은 반점이 생기고 차차 원형으로 확대되어 황갈색으로 되며 잎표면의 병반부는 융기하고 뒷면은 안쪽으로 움푹 들어가 흰색의 떡모양으로 된다. 균총의 색깔은 흰색에서 유백색을 띠며 포자형성이 잘 된다. 담자기는 2개의 작은 자루를 형성하며 그위에 담자포자가 부착한다. 크기는 30${\sim}$53${\times}$3.1${\sim}$5.8 ${\mu}m$이다. 담자포자는 무색, 단포, 장타원형으로 약간 굽은것도 있으며, 크기는 11${\sim}$14.7${\times}$4${\sim}$5.4 ${\mu}m$이다. 균사 생육적온은 $25^{\circ}C$이었다. 차나무 잎에 발생한 병징과 병원균의 균학적 특징을 검정한 결과, 이 병을 Exobasidium vexans에 의한 차나무 떡병으로 명명하고자 제안한다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.284-286
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• 2006

경남 진주시 정촌면 강주연못, 금산면 가정집 정원수로 심은 영산홍 잎에 떡병이 심하게 발생하였다. 병징은 잎에 발생하여 흰색의 가루같은 자실층이 생기고 이상비대를 한다. 병반부에서 자실체가 잎 앞, 뒷면으로 노출되고 흰색의 전형적인 떡모양으로 된다. 담자기는 무색, 곤봉 모양의 원주형이며 $1{\sim}5$개 정도의 작은 자루모양을 하고 있으며 크기는 $8{\sim}35{\times}3{\sim}6{\mu}m$였다. 담자포자는 무색, 단포이며 장타원형 모양의 원주형으로 아랫부분은 약간 굽었으며 크기는 $10{\sim}22{\times}3{\sim}5{\mu}m$였다. 영산홍에서 병원성을 검정하였다. 잎에 발생한 병징과 병원균의 균학적 특징을 조사한 결과, 이 병을 Exobasidium japonicum Shirai에 의한 영산홍 떡병으로 명명하여 국내에 처음 보고한다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.368-377
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• 2019

The genus Macrolepiota (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) is easy to recognize at the genus level because of big, fleshy basidiocarps with squamules covering the pileus; a single or double annulus; and big, thick-walled basidiospores with a germ pore. However, morphological identification is often unreliable in Macrolepiota due to similar morphological features among species. Due to the uncertainty of previous morphological identification in the genus Macrolepiota, it is necessary to re-examine Korean Macrolepiota using molecular data. We reexamined 34 Macrolepiota specimens collected from 2012 to 2018 in Korea using a reverse taxonomic approach, whereby species identification was first done based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region analysis, followed by morphological confirmation. We identified the presence of four species: M. detersa, M. mastoidea, M. procera, and M. umbonata sp. nov. Two species (M. detersa and M. mastoidea) were previously unrecorded from Korea and M. umbonata is a new species. Detailed descriptions of all four species and taxonomic key are provided in this study. Macrolepiota procera and M. umbonata are distributed through the country, but M. detersa and M. mastoidea are distributed only in limited areas. According to our results, the combination of ITS locus and morphology proved to be a robust approach to evaluate the taxonomic status of Macrolepiota species in Korea. Additional surveys are needed to verify the species diversity and clarify their geographic distribution.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.261-269
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• 1994

One hundred and ninety two isolates of Armillaria were obtained from mycelial fans on infected hosts, rhizomorphs, and single basidiospores or trauma tissue of fruiting bodies. Mating tests showed that two of these isolates were A. mellea, eight were A. tabescens, 20 were A. ostoyae, and 162 were A. gallica. Armillaria ostoyae was mainly isolated from Pinus koraiensis and Qurecus spp., A. tabescens from fruiting bodies on Pinus densiflora and Qurecus spp., and A. gallica from many tree species but not Pinus koraiensis. Armillaria mellea, A. gallica, A. ostoyae and A. tabescens showed distinct protein banding patterns. Mycelial growth and rhizomorph formation was good on basal medium with ethanol added. A. gallica and A. mellea formed many rhizomorphs, but A. ostoyae did not. A. gallica showed the best rhizomorph formation on media with tannic acid and ethanol, but a. mellea formed the most rhizomorphs on gallic acid. Rhizomorphs showed monopodial branching for A. gallica and dichotomous branching for A. ostoyae. Fruiting bodies. formed in the laboratory on sawdust media most abundantly by A. tabescens. In nature, fruit body formation by A. tabescens was from early to mid August. A. ostoyae and A. gallica fruit bodies were formed from early August to late October. While there are common names in Korea for A. mellea and A. tabescens, such as mulberry mushroom relative, no common names are available for A. gallica and A. ostoyae. Therefore, we refer to a. gallica as the Gastrodia mushroom because it has been used to produce Gastrodia and A. ostoyae as the Korean pine mushroom because it is frequently found as mushrooms on Korean pine.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.34-38
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• 2006

양성자 빔 조사 후 조사선량에 따른 느타리버섯(Pleurotus ostreatus) 담자포자 발아율 및 균사체 생존율이 $10{\sim}100\;Gy$조사선량에서 시그모이드 곡선을 그리며 증가하였으며, 이후 500y 이상 조사시 유의성있게 감소하였다. 50% 치사율($L_{50}$)을 나타내는 조사선량은 담자포자가 500 Gy, 균사체가 400 Gy로 나타났으며, $D_{10}$값($D_{10}\;=\;-l/slope(b)$, y = a + bx) 은 각각 750 Gy와 1,250 Gy로 나타났다. 느타리버섯 돌연변이원으로서 양성자 빔 이용시 적정 조사선량은 담자포자의 경우 $500{\sim}750\;Gy$, 균사체의 경우 $400{\sim}1,000\;Gy$가 바람직하다고 판단되었다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.288-295
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• 2020

Species of Laccaria (Hydnangiaceae, Agaricales, and Basidiomycota) are well-known ectomycorrhizal symbionts of a broad range of hosts. Laccaria species are characterized by brown, orange, or purple colored basidiocarps, and globose or oblong, echinulate and multinucleate basidiospores. While some Laccaria species are easily identified at the species level using only the morphological characteristics, others are hard to distinguish at the species level due to small differences in morphology. Heretofore, ten Laccaria species have been reported in Korea. While studying the fungal diversity in the National Parks of Korea, two new Laccaria species were discovered. Species identification was done based on molecular analyses (ITS, 28S rDNA, rpb2, and tef1), then were confirmed by their corresponding morphologies. The two newly discovered Laccaria species are proposed here as Laccaria macrobasidia and Laccaria griseolilacina. The unique morphological characters of L. macrobasidia that distinguish it from its closely related species are orange-brown colored basidiocarp, long basidia and the absence of cheilocystidia. L. griseolilacina is characterized by a light grayish lavender-colored pileus and the absence of cheilocystidia. Two new species are described and illustrated in the present paper.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.164-169
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• 1984

식용버섯의 재배와 소비가 증가해가는 중요성에 비추어 새로운 품종 육성을 위하여 국내의 주요 재배 버섯인 느타리버섯과 사철느타리버섯의 원형질체를 융합하여 종간 체세포 잡종을 선발하였으며, 그 특성을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 느타리버섯과 사철느타리버섯의 종간 원형질체 융합율은 0.18-3.80%였다. 2. 융합된 균총의 생장은 빠른 것, 중간 그리고 아주 느린 것으로 나눌 수 있었으며 그 형태는 불규칙 하였다. 3. 선발한 40개의 체세포 잡종 모두가 정상적인 자실체를 맺었으며, 자실체의 형태가 모본과는 달리 아주 다양하게 나타났다. 4. 체세포 잡종의 자실체색은 짙은 회색을 가진 느타리버섯과 연한 백색을 가진 사철느타리버섯의 중간색을 나타내었다. 5. 무포자 또는 극히 적은량의 포자를 지닌 균주를 선발하였으며 이들의 자실체 형태는 정상이었다. 6. 수량이 다소 낮은 무포자 균주를 제외하고는 대체적으로 체세포 잡종의 자실체 수량이 모본보다 증가했다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.189-193
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• 1989

영지(靈芝)버섯 균사의 비자실체성(非子實體注) 담자포자(擔子胞子)의 형성(形成)에 미치는 광(光)의 영향을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 광질(光質), 광도(光度) 및 광조사(光照射) 시간(時間)을 달리하여 실험하였다. 영지(靈芝)버섯 균사의 비자실체성(非子實體注) 담자포자(擔子胞子)의 형성(形成)에 있어서 광(光)은 필수 요인이었다. 광(光)의 조사(照射)는 16시간 광(光)/8시간 암(暗)으로 계속 처리할 때 포자(胞子)의 형성량(形成量)이 가장 많았고 유효(有效)한 광(光)은 blue와 yellow이었으며 Near U.V.에서는 포자(胞子)가 형성(形成)되지 않았다. 광도(光度)는 백색광으로 1,000Lux일 때 가장 효과적(效果的)이었다. 광형태(光形態) 형성(形成) 반응(反應)은 계통간(系統間)에 명확한 차이를 보여 광(光) 요구성(要求性)이 유전인자(遺傳因子)의 지배를 받음을 보였다.