• 대한수학회보
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.167-170
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• 1986

Let M be a von Neumann algebra and .alpha., .betha. be *-automorphisms of M satisfying the operator equation .alpha.+.alpha.$^{-1}$ =.betha.+.betha.$^{-1}$ This operator equation has been extensively studied and many important decomposition theorems have been obtained by several authors (for instance see [4], [5], [2], [1]). Originally, this operator equation arose in the paper of Van Daele on the new approach of the Tomita-Takesaki theory in the case of modular operators ([7]). In the case of one-parameter automorphism groups, this equation has produced a bounded and completely positive map which can play a role similar to the infinitesimal generator (for details see [6] and [1]). A recent and one of the most important applications of this equation has been in developing an anglogue of the Tomita-Takesaki theory for Jordan algebras by Haagerup [3]. One general result of this theory is the following.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.785-802
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• 2024

Given M a monoid with a neutral element e. We show that the solutions of d'Alembert's functional equation for n × n matrices Φ(pr, qs) + Φ(sp, rq) = 2Φ(r, s)Φ(p, q), p, q, r, s ∈ M are abelian. Furthermore, we prove under additional assumption that the solutions of the n-dimensional mixed vector-matrix Wilson's functional equation $$\begin{cases}f(pr, qs) + f(sp, rq) = 2\phi(r, s)f(p, q),\\Φ(p, q) = \phi(q, p),{\quad}p, q, r, s {\in} M\end{cases}$$ are abelian. As an application we solve the first functional equation on groups for the particular case of n = 3.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.599-612
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• 2017

If ${\psi}$ is analytic on the open unit disk $\mathbb{D}$ and ${\varphi}$ is an analytic self-map of $\mathbb{D}$, the weighted composition operator $C_{{\psi},{\varphi}}$ is defined by $C_{{\psi},{\varphi}}f(z)={\psi}(z)f({\varphi}(z))$, when f is analytic on $\mathbb{D}$. In this paper, we study normal, cohyponormal, hyponormal and normaloid weighted composition operators on the Hardy and weighted Bergman spaces. First, for some weighted Hardy spaces $H^2({\beta})$, we prove that if $C_{{\psi},{\varphi}}$ is cohyponormal on $H^2({\beta})$, then ${\psi}$ never vanishes on $\mathbb{D}$ and ${\varphi}$ is univalent, when ${\psi}{\not\equiv}0$ and ${\varphi}$ is not a constant function. Moreover, for ${\psi}=K_a$, where |a| < 1, we investigate normal, cohyponormal and hyponormal weighted composition operators $C_{{\psi},{\varphi}}$. After that, for ${\varphi}$ which is a hyperbolic or parabolic automorphism, we characterize all normal weighted composition operators $C_{{\psi},{\varphi}}$, when ${\psi}{\not\equiv}0$ and ${\psi}$ is analytic on $\bar{\mathbb{D}}$. Finally, we find all normal weighted composition operators which are bounded below.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.923-931
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• 2014

Let x be an element of a group G and be an automorphism of G. Then for a positive integer n, the autocommutator $[x,_n{\alpha}]$ is defined inductively by $[x,{\alpha}]=x^{-1}x^{\alpha}=x^{-1}{\alpha}(x)$ and $[x,_{n+1}{\alpha}]=[[x,_n{\alpha}],{\alpha}]$. We call the group G to be n-auto-Engel if $[x,_n{\alpha}]=[{\alpha},_nx]=1$ for all $x{\in}G$ and every ${\alpha}{\in}Aut(G)$, where $[{\alpha},x]=[x,{\alpha}]^{-1}$. Also, for any integer $n{\neq}0$, 1, a group G is called an n-auto-Bell group when $[x^n,{\alpha}]=[x,{\alpha}^n]$ for every $x{\in}G$ and each ${\alpha}{\in}Aut(G)$. In this paper, we investigate the properties of such groups and show that if G is an n-auto-Bell group, then the factor group $G/L_3(G)$ has finite exponent dividing 2n(n-1), where $L_3(G)$ is the third term of the upper autocentral series of G. Also, we give some examples and results about n-auto-Bell abelian groups.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.349-364
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• 2010

P. M. Cohn called a ring R reversible if whenever ab = 0, then ba = 0 for a, $b\;{\in}\;R$. Commutative rings and reduced rings are reversible. In this paper, we extend the reversible condition of a ring as follows: Let R be a ring and $\alpha$ an endomorphism of R, we say that R is right (resp., left) $\alpha$-shifting if whenever $a{\alpha}(b)\;=\;0$ (resp., $\alpha{a)b\;=\;0$) for a, $b\;{\in}\;R$, $b{\alpha}{a)\;=\;0$ (resp., $\alpha(b)a\;=\;0$); and the ring R is called $\alpha$-shifting if it is both left and right $\alpha$-shifting. We investigate characterizations of $\alpha$-shifting rings and their related properties, including the trivial extension, Jordan extension and Dorroh extension. In particular, it is shown that for an automorphism $\alpha$ of a ring R, R is right (resp., left) $\alpha$-shifting if and only if Q(R) is right (resp., left) $\bar{\alpha}$-shifting, whenever there exists the classical right quotient ring Q(R) of R.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.813-821
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• 2010

Let G and H be compact connected Lie groups with biinvariant Riemannian metrics g and h respectively, ${\phi}$ a group isomorphism of G onto H, and $E:={\phi}^{-1}TH$ the induced bundle by $\phi$ over the base manifold G of the tangent bundle TH of H. Let ${\nabla}$ and $^H{\nabla}$ be the Levi-Civita connections for the metrics g and h respectively, $\tilde{\nabla}$ the induced connection by the map ${\phi}$ and $^H{\nabla}$. Then, a necessary and sufficient condition for $\tilde{\nabla}$ in the bundle (${\phi}^{-1}TH$, G, ${\pi}$) to be a Yang- Mills connection is the fact that the Levi-Civita connection ${\nabla}$ in the tangent bundle over (G, g) is a Yang- Mills connection. As an application, we get the following: Let ${\psi}$ be an automorphism of a compact connected semisimple Lie group G with the canonical metric g (the metric which is induced by the Killing form of the Lie algebra of G), ${\nabla}$ the Levi-Civita connection for g. Then, the induced connection $\tilde{\nabla}$, by ${\psi}$ and ${\nabla}$, is a Yang-Mills connection in the bundle (${\phi}^{-1}TH$, G, ${\pi}$) over the base manifold (G, g).

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.519-530
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• 2014

To study a deformation of a digital space from the viewpoint of digital homotopy theory, we have often used the notions of a weak k-deformation retract [20] and a strong k-deformation retract [10, 12, 13]. Thus the papers [10, 12, 13, 16] firstly developed the notion of a strong k-deformation retract which can play an important role in studying a homotopic thinning of a digital space. Besides, the paper [3] deals with a k-deformation retract and its homotopic property related to a digital fundamental group. Thus, as a survey article, comparing among a k-deformation retract in [3], a strong k-deformation retract in [10, 12, 13], a weak deformation k-retract in [20] and a digital k-homotopy equivalence [5, 24], we observe some relationships among them from the viewpoint of digital homotopy theory. Furthermore, the present paper deals with some parts of the preprint [10] which were not published in a journal (see Proposition 3.1). Finally, the present paper corrects Boxer's paper [3] as follows: even though the paper [3] referred to the notion of a digital homotopy equivalence (or a same k-homotopy type) which is a special kind of a k-deformation retract, we need to point out that the notion was already developed in [5] instead of [3] and further corrects the proof of Theorem 4.5 of Boxer's paper [3] (see the proof of Theorem 4.1 in the present paper). While the paper [4] refers some properties of a deck transformation group (or an automorphism group) of digital covering space without any citation, the study was early done by Han in his paper (see the paper [14]).

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.695-706
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• 2014

Various properties of digital covering spaces have been substantially used in studying digital homotopic properties of digital images. In particular, these are so related to the study of a digital fundamental group, a classification of digital images, an automorphism group of a digital covering space and so forth. The goal of the present paper, as a survey article, to speak out utility of digital covering theory. Besides, the present paper recalls that the papers [1, 4, 30] took their own approaches into the study of a digital fundamental group. For instance, they consider the digital fundamental group of the special digital image (X, 4), where X := $SC^{2,8}_4$ which is a simple closed 4-curve with eight elements in $Z^2$, as a group which is isomorphic to an infinite cyclic group such as (Z, +). In spite of this approach, they could not propose any digital topological tools to get the result. Namely, the papers [4, 30] consider a simple closed 4 or 8-curve to be a kind of simple closed curve from the viewpoint of a Hausdorff topological structure, i.e. a continuous analogue induced by an algebraic topological approach. However, in digital topology we need to develop a digital topological tool to calculate a digital fundamental group of a given digital space. Finally, the paper [9] firstly developed the notion of a digital covering space and further, the advanced and simplified version was proposed in [21]. Thus the present paper refers the history and the process of calculating a digital fundamental group by using various tools and some utilities of digital covering spaces. Furthermore, we deal with some parts of the preprint [11] which were not published in a journal (see Theorems 4.3 and 4.4). Finally, the paper suggests an efficient process of the calculation of digital fundamental groups of digital images.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.139-155
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• 2011

개인 저자 집합과 저작 집합 간의 관계를 기술할 때 두 집합 내에서 동형 이의어(즉, 동명이인과 동일 저작명)를 구별하지 못하면 두 집합 간에 전단사(全單射) 관계가 형성되지 않으므로 정확한 정보 검색을 위한 정보로는 사용하기가 어렵다. 실제로 저자명과 저작명을 다루는 도서관 시스템, 문헌, 포털사이트 등에서 동형 이의어를 명확하게 구별하고 있지 않아 색인과 검색 시 다의성에 의한 혼란과 불편을 초래하고 있다. 이에 대한 필요성은 일찍이 전거 데이터의 구축 시 대두된 문제였으나 우리나라에서는 일부 기관이 개별적으로 구축하였을 뿐 국가 차원의 전거 데이터가 없어서 이들의 동형 이의어를 구별하기 위한 기준이 없다. 이에 본 연구자는 개체명 인식을 위한 작업의 일환으로 주제어뿐만 아니라 고유 명사류도 포함되는 한글 통합 시소러스 구축 작업에서 얻은 결과를 바탕으로 저자와 저작의 용어 관계 설정 방법과 두 집합 내에서 그리고 두 집합이 기타 용어와의 관계에서 발생하는 동형 이의어의 기술 방법을 대중 문화 예술 분야를 중심으로 제시하였다.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제5권12호
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• pp.3088-3098
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• 1998

순열 방사형 그래프는 병렬 또는 분산 시스템의 상호 연결망 구조로써 n-큐브의 새로운 대안으로 제시되고 있다. 그러나 최근까지 제시된 구조(메쉬, 하이퍼큐브 등)에 대한 오류 허용 설계 모델은 많이 연구되어왔지만 순열 방사형 그래프에 적합한 오류 허용 설계 모델은 연구되고 있지 않다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 순열 방사형 그래프에 적합한 새로운 오류 허용 설계방법을 제안하였다. 이 방법은 현재 수행중인 구성 요소 중에서 오류가 발생할 때 기존 구조를 유지하기 위해서, 예비 구성요소를 추가하여 적절히 오류 요소를 대치하는 기법이다. 먼저, 순열 방사형 그래프를 순환 그래프로 변환한 다음 순환 그래프의 준 동형 성질을 이용하였다. 또한 k개 예비프로세서를 추가하여 각 프로세서 당 최대 통신 링크를 최소화함으로써 오류 허용 설계구조의 비용을 최적화 하였다. 특히, 최대 통신 링크의 수를 최소화하는 새로운 연구 방법을 제안하였다.