• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.766-773
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• 2013

A transparent film was fabricated based on bacterial cellulose (BC), BC has excellent physical strength and stability at high temperature and it is an environmental friendly flexible material. In order to improve the conductivity, silver nanowire (AgNW) and/or graphene were introduced to the BC membrane. The aspect ratio of the AgNW synthesized in this study was 214, with a length of $15{\mu}m$ and width of 70 nm. The higher aspect ratio improved the conductivity by reducing the contact resistance. The thermal and electrical properties of 7 types of films prepared were investigated. Each film was fabricated with rectangular shape ($2mm{\times}2mm{\times}50{\mu}m$). The films were scored with a net shape by a knife, and filled with AgNW and graphene to bestow conductivity. The film filled with AgNW showed favorable electrical characteristics with a thickness of $350{\mu}m$, electron concentration of $1.53{\times}10^{19}$, electron mobility of $6.63{\times}10^5$, and resistivity of 0.28. The film filled with graphene had a thickness of $360{\mu}m$, electron concentration of $7.74{\times}10^{17}$, electron mobility of 0.17, and resistivity of 4.78. The transmittances at 550 nm were 98.1% and 80.9%, respectively. All the films were able to light LEDs bulbs although their brightness differed. A thermal stability test of the BC and PET films at $150{\pm}5^{\circ}C$ showed that the BC film was more stable, whereas the PET film was quickly banded. From these results, it was confirmed that there it is possible to fabricate new transparent conductivity films based on BC.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2014

Purpose: I-131 scan using High Energy (HE) collimator is generally used. While, Medium Energy (ME) collimator is not suggested to use in result of an excessive septal penetration effects, it is used to improve the sensitivities of count rate on lower dose of I-131. This research aims to evaluate I-131 SPECT/CT image quality using by HE and ME collimator and also find out the possibility of ME collimator clinical application. Materials and Methods: ME and HE collimator are substituted as Siemens symbia T16 SPECT/CT, using I-131 point source and NEMA NU-2 IQ phantom. Single Energy Window (SEW) and Triple Energy Windows (TEW) are applied for image acquisition and images with CTAC and Scatter correction application or not, applied different number of iteration and sub set are reconstructed by IR method, flash 3D. By analysis of acquired image, the comparison on sensitivities, contrast, noise and aspect ratio of two collimators are able to be evaluated. Results: ME Collimator is ahead of HE collimator in terms of sensitivity (ME collimator: 188.18 cps/MBq, HE collimator: 46.31 cps/MBq). For contrast, reconstruction image used by HE collimator with TEW, 16 subset 8 iteration applied CTAC is shown the highest contrast (TCQI=190.64). In same condition, ME collimator has lower contrast than HE collimator (TCQI=66.05). The lowest aspect ratio for ME collimator and HE collimator are 1.065 with SEW, CTAC (+) and 1.024 with TEW, CTAC (+) respectively. Conclusion: Selecting a proper collimator is important factor for image quality. This research finding tells that HE collimator, which is generally used for I-131 scan emitted high energy ${\gamma}$-ray is the most recommendable collimator for image quality. However, ME collimator is also applicable in condition of lower dose, lower sensitive if utilizing energy window, matrix size, IR parameter, CTAC and scatter correction appropriately.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1245-1251
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• 2011

As a result of the growing livestock industry, varieties of organic solid and waste biomass are be generated in swine breeding and slaughtering stages. Anaerobic digestion is a promising alternative for the treatment of livestock waste biomass, as well as for the material recovery and energy production. Objectives of this study were to analyze the biochemical methane potential of swine waste biomasses that were generated from swine pen and slaughterhouse and to investigate the material recovery and methane yield per head. As pig waste biomass, swine slurry, blood, intestine residue, and digestive tract content were collected for investigation from pig farmhouse and slaughterhouse. The $B_{th}$ (Theoretical methane potential) and $B_0$ (Biochemical methane potential) of swine slurry generating in swine breeding stage were 0.525 and $0.360Nm^3\;kg^{-1}-VS_{added}$, the ratio of degradation ($B_0/B_{th}$) was 68.6%. $B_{th}$ of blood, intestine residue, and digestive tract content were 0.539, 0.664, and $0.517Nm^3\;kg^{-1}-VS_{added}$, and $B_0$ were 0.405, 0.213, and $0.240Nm^3\;kg^{-1}-VS_{added}$, respectively. And the ratio of degradation showed 75.1, 32.1, and 46.4% in blood, intestine residue, and digestive tract content. Material yield of swine waste biomass was calculated as TS 73.79, VS 46.75, TN 5.58, $P_2O_5$ 1.94, and $K_2O$ $2.91kg\;head^{-1}$. And methane yield was $16.58Nm^3\;head^{-1}$. In the aspect that slaughterhouse is a large point source of waste biomass, while swine farmhouse is non-point source, the feasibility of an anaerobic digestion using the slaughtering waste biomass need to be assessed in the economical aspect between the waste treatment cost and the profitable effect by methane production.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.252-271
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• 2022

This article examines the characteristics of the royal tombs of the late Silla Dynasty with the statues of the 12 animal deities(Zodiac) and estimates the process of change. The features of the statues show a difference in their combination in terms of continuity and similarity of the object in their hands. In addition, there is a difference in the shape of the face of the stone statue, and differences are observed in the orientation and aspect ratio of the statue according to the sculptural method. The characteristics of these statues are somewhat different from the previously studied protected-stone and manufacturing techniques. For example, the Zodiac statues that are flattened from high relief to low relief are known to be decorated in realistic expressions, but they tend to be treated as separate conditions because they do not match the change of the stone. In addition, there was a characteristic that did not show regular changes, such as appearing and disappearing again when there was no balustrade in the tomb. Summing up the characteristics of each part, the Zodiac statues are largely divided into curved angles and flat angles according to the sculptural technique, and the head orientation and clothing of the statue are related. They are divided into two categories and can be viewed as having temporality according to the aspect ratio. These characteristic changes are consistent with the continuity of features and changes in the object in the hands of the 12 Zodiac statues. Therefore, the number of faces with protected-stone changes were gradually increasing in trend. As a result, there is a possibility that the Gujeongdong Square-shape Tomb and King Jindeok Tomb are earlier royal tombs than the Wonseong Royal Tomb. Therefore, the royal tombs of the late Silla Dynasty have a complete, tomb structure, containing the 12 animal god statues, ceremonial spaces(拜禮空間), Shindo(神道), stone statues(石像), and tombstones. This can be understood as a basic motif for the royal tomb structures of Goryeo and Joseon.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.17-27
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• 1999

According to the design method for constructing the Korean Men's Jo-go-ri(the traditional Korean jacket)collar, there are differences in form after its completion. In the construction design of the midsection of the gusset as in that of the basic pattern Jo-go-ri, not only was the positioning of the two sides of the collar not smooth, but also, when the collar strip(Dongjung) was attached, there would be an imbalance on one side or the other so that it was difficult to achieve symmetry. Therefore in this project, by applying the pattern design of the gusset midsection to that of the collar midsection, not only did attaching the collar(Kit) and the collar strip create a visual effect by equalizing the lengths of the two sides, but the construction was also easy. This method of construction introduces the three-dimensional aspect of the human form in its conic, spherical and cylindrical aspects, so that, through schematizing the scientific character of Korea's clothing, its appropriateness is verified. As a matter of fact, since there is no standardization of pattern whether for educational use or for mass-produced clothing, so that even the patterns used in computer-assisted design are executed according to the designer's personal skill, the reality is that after completion of construction the quality has not been uniform. For this schematization, inverse calculation of measurements pertaining to the calculation formula and of teaching materials has been referenced. In particular, the partial regulation of the calculation formula pertaining to the basic pattern construction, the method of making the collar midsection, and the construction method of the extreme and mean ratio adjustment, can be adjusted for all measurements, thereby providing the establishment of a design criterion and the possibility of the standardization of construction methods. The production method for the basic pattern design is as follows: 1) The conic angle for the Jo-go-ri's girth, length end neck width is fixed at 70(72) degree. 2) The radius of the cone is sleeve length. 3) The bust girth calculation formula is B/4 + 2.5 cm. 4) The armhole formula is B/4 + 2.5cm. 5) The neck width formula is B/10. 6) The ratio of the collar junction{width of collar(Kit) + width of collar strip(Dongjung) to the gusset length is 5:8. 7) The length of the side seam is a length intersecting the armhole line and the conic radius of sleeve length, that is an arc that exceeds the length of the Jo-go-ri's midsection.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.138-145
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to establish a reasonable analytical method for the estimation of overall behavior characteristic from cracking to yielding of rebar and crushing of concrete and seismic performance of reinforced concrete shear wall with high-strength reinforcing bar. A total of 8 specimens of reinforced concrete walls which have constant aspect ratio and a variety of variables such as reinforcement ratio, reinforcement yielding strength, reinforcement details, concrete design strength, section shape and whether lateral restraint hoop were selected and the analysis was performed by using a non-linear finite element analysis program (RCAHEST) applying the proposed constitutive equation by the authors. The mean and coefficient of variation for maximum load from the experiment and analysis results was predicted 1.04 and 8%. The mean and coefficient of variation for displacement corresponding maximum load from the experiment and analysis results was predicted 1.17 and 19% respectively. The analytical results were predicted relatively well the fracture mode and the overall behavior until fracture for all specimens. These results are expected to be used as basic data for application of high-strength reinforcing bar to design codes in the future.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.103-122
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• 2001

The clinical study was carried out the 58 patients with Headache who were treated in Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dae Jeon University from 14 October 1999 to 15 October 2001. The results were summarized as follows. 1. The ratio of male and female was 15:43, 40s(36.2%) was frequent, the ratio of Tension headache and Migraine was 43:12, hypernoia and overwork oneself were the most inducing factor. 2. In distribution of the period of the clinical history, Tension headache was comparatively short term within 1 month(62.8%) and Migraine was comparatively long term over 1 year(91.7%), Tension headache was frequent at whole portion(41.3%) and occipital portion(26.1%), Migraine was frequent at temporal portion(76.9%). 3. In pain type, Tension headache has many vandlike discomport type, Migraine has many pulsatile type, neck-stiffness-pain and dizziness were mainly coexited. 4. Toung aspect has many SULDAMHONGTAEBAEKHOO(舌淡紅苔白厚), GINMAEK(緊脈) and HEUNMAEK(弦脈) were frequent in Pulse type, the GAEDAMSUNKIJEETONG(祛淡順氣止痛) prescription drugs were frequent such as GEYNTONGA(肩痛A), GEYNTONGDODAMTANG(?通導淡湯), Tension headache patients were well treated(90.7%). 5. In Tension headache and Migraine, the Curve has many SL except Tension headache‘s 2th SANGHAN(상한), in Regulation RR was frequent at 1th, 2th, 3th, 4th, 7th SANGHAN and RL was frequent at 5th, 6th SANGHAN, the result of Graph, Activity and Reactivity have many low response at the whole. 6. The Curve was within normal limit at whole portion and frequent SL at temporal portion, the whole and temporal portion s Regulation also have many RR at 1th, 2th, 3th, 4th, 7th SANGHAN and RL at 5th, 6th SANGHAN, Activity and Reactivity have many low response at the whole. 7. The occipital and frontal portion‘s Curve have many SL at 1th SANGHAN, the occipital portion’s Regulation has many RR at 1th, 2th, 4th, 7th SANGHAN and RL at 5th, 6th SANGHAN, Activity has many low response at the whole, Reactivity has many low response at 1th, 4th, 5th, 6th SANGHAN and high response 2th, 3th SANGHAN, the frontal portion s Regulation has many RL at 1th, 3th, 5th, 6th, 7th SANGHAN and RR at 4th SANGHAN, Activity and Reactivity also have many low response at the whole except 6th, 7th SANGHAN respectively.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 2008

We analyzed 121 age estimation clients who had visited oral medicine clinic, Chonbuk National University Hospital, from January 2000 to December 2007 to evaluate its characters in Jeonllabuk-do. The obtained results were as follows : 1. There was distinct difference in sex distribution(Male : 58.7%, Female : 41.3%) and more than half percent(55.4%) was over 50's. 2. The difference between registered and alleged age was the most in more than 5 years, and most of them were over 50's. 3. There were more clients who wanted to increase their age than to decrease and was no prominent difference in sex. Age estimation clients who wanted to decrease their age were predominant under 10 years old and in 20's, and those wanted to increase were predominant in 10's and over 30's. 4. The most reasons to correct age were related to welfare benefit. The purpose of age estimation was different according to each age groups; welfare benefit was the most over 50's, occupation in 40's and 50's, friendship in 30's and 40's, sibling-related in 50's, employment in 10's and 20's. 5. Age was estimated by the attrition of permanent tooth and pulp/tooth ratio from 20 years, root apex closure for 10's and calcification of permanent tooth under 10 years old. In cases that were difficult to estimate by use of the attrition of permanent tooth and pulp/tooth ratio, age was estimated by missing time of permanent tooth and the change of mandibular angle with age. 6. The estimated ages were close to alleged age in 77.7% of clients but the rest(22.3%) was close to registered age.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.215-221
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• 2005

The residual study of pesticide has been used in various areas, such as food safety, environmental protection, establishment of tolerance, and explaining the pathway and reaction mode of pesticides, and its importance was expected to increase further more. The aspect of food safety, the pesticide residue survey have been practiced at many organizations, but there were no verification of analytical results at present. In this experiment, we focused on instrumental stability, including response of each instrument and the recovery ratio of each organization's method. As samples for this experiment, we prepared cucumber and sesame, and chose 4 pesticides (bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and ethoprophos), which were mostly detected from pesticide residue survey and widely used for each crop. The standard deviation of peak areas in the chromatogram of each pesticide were under 1.212 %, so it showed that most instruments were stable. The relationship of recovery ratio of each organization were over 0.996 for every pesticide and each organization. Finally, the analytical results for pesticide residue from each participated organization were not statically significant and we could put confidence in the result from each organization.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1001-1009
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• 2002

The objective of this study is to determine the range of confinement (or the transverse reinforcement of the reinforced concrete structural walls with the T-shaped cross section subjected to cyclic lateral loads. The range of confinement for transverse reinforcement is related to the location of neutral axis and determined by the magnitude and distribution of compressive strain. The compressive strain depends on the ratio of wall cross sectional area to the floor-plan area, the aspect ratio, configuration, the axial load, and the reinforcement ratios. By affection of flange, the neutral axis appears different depending on positive and negative forces and because of this reason, when web and flange are subjected to compressive stress, the range of confinement for the transverse reinforcement of T-shaped walls would shows different result. Therefore this experimental research focused on the structural characteristics of T-shaped walls and suggested the neutral axis depth through comparing the results of this study with sectional analysis.