• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.116-127
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• 1998

The Necessity of Cyber University. Within the rapidly changing environment of global economics, the environment of higher education in the universities, also, has been, encountering various changes. Popularization on higher education related to 1lifetime education system, putting emphasis on the productivity of education services and the acquisition of competitiveness through the market of open education, the breakdown of the ivory tower and the Multiversitization of universities, importance of obtaining information in the universities, and cooperation between domestic and oversea universities, industry and educational system must be acquired. Therefore, in order to adequately cope wi th these kinds of rapid changes in the education environment, operating Cyber University by utilizing various information technologies and its fixations such as Internet, E-mail, CD-ROMs, Interact ive Video Networks (Video Conferencing, Video on Demand), TV, Cable etc., which has no time or location limitation, is needed. Using informal ion and telecommunication technologies, especially the Internet is expected to Or ing about many changes in the social, economics and educational area. Among the many changes scholars have predicted, the development and fixations of Distant Learning or Cyber University was the most dominant factor. In the case of U. S. A., Cyber University has already been established and in under operation by the Federate Governments of 13 states. Any other universities (around 500 universities has been opened until1 now), with the help of the government and private citizens have been able to partly operate the Cyber University and is planning on enlarging step-by-step in the future. It could be seen not only as U. S. A. trying to elevate its higher education through their leading information technologies, but also could be seen as their objective in putting efforts on subordinating the culture of the education worldwide. UTRA University in U. S. A., for example, is already exporting its class lectures to China, and Indonesia regions. Influenced by the Cyber University current in the U.S., the Universities in Korea is willing .to arrange various forms of Cyber Universities. In line with this, at JUNAM National University, internet based Cyber University, which has set about its work on July of 1997, is in the state of operating about 100 Cyber Universities. Also, in the case of Hanam University, the Distant Learning classes are at its final stage of being established; this is a link in the rapid speed project of setting an example by the Korean Government. In addition, the department of education has selected 5 universities, including Seoul Cyber Design University for experimentation and is in the stage of strategic operation. Over 100 universities in Korea are speeding up its preparation for operating Cyber University. This form of Distant Learning goes beyond the walls of universities and is in the trend of being diffused in business areas or in various training programs of financial organizations and more. Here, in the hope that this material would some what be of help to other Universities which are preparing for Cyber University, I would 1ike to introduce some general concepts of the components forming Cyber University and Open Education System which has been established by JUNAM University. System of Cyber University could be seen as a general solution offered by tile computer technologies for the management on the students, Lectures On Demand, real hour based and satellite classes, media product ion lab for the production of the multimedia Contents, electronic library, the Groupware enabling exchange of information between students and professors. Arranging general concepts of components in the aspect of Cyber University and Open Education, it would be expressed in the form of the establishment of Cyber University and the service of Open Education as can be seen in the diagram below.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.135-179
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• 2018

How do robots interact with the elderly? In this paper, we analyze the contexts of interaction between robots and the elderly and the role of mediators in initiating, facilitating, and maintaining the interaction. We do not attempt to evaluate the robot's performance or measure the impact of robots on the elderly. Instead, we focus on the circumstances and contexts within which a robot is situated as it interacts with the elderly. Our premise is that the success of human-robot interaction does not depend solely on the robot's technical capability, but also on the pre-arranged settings and local contingencies at the site of interaction. We select three television shows that feature robots for the elderly and one "dementia-prevention" robot in a regional healthcare center as our sites for observing robot-elderly interaction: "Grandma's Robot"(tvN), "Co-existence Experiment''(JTBC), "Future Diary"(MBC), and the Silbot class in Suwon. By analyzing verbal and non-verbal interactions between the elderly and the robots in these programs, we point out that in most cases the robots and the elderly do not meet one-to-one; the interaction is usually mediated by an actor who is not an old person. These mediators are not temporary or secondary components in the robot-elderly interaction; they play a key role in the relationship by arranging the first meeting, triggering initial interactions, and carefully observing unfolding interactions. At critical moments, the mediators prevent the interaction from falling apart by intervening verbally or physically. Based on our observation of the robot-elderly interaction, we argue that we can better understand and evaluate the human-robot interaction in general by paying attention to the existence and role of the mediators. We suggest that researchers in human-robot interaction should expand their analytical focus from one-to-one interactions between humans and robots to human-robot-human interactions in diverse real-world situations.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.27-47
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• 2013

This study aims to suggest a way to improve the professional abilities of the principals of meister high schools by analysing their perception of the standards of performance of their duties. To carry out this study, we have developed the standards of performance of the duties of the principals of meister high schools through the systematic research on the realm of the duties of the principals of meister high schools, and analysed the principals' perception of their duties using the developed standards of performance of their duties. The results of this study are as followed. First, In the stage of planning the school management, the school management plan, the ways to get budget, the plan for evaluation and feedback of the accomplishment of the performance of school management plan should be included. Second, The area of the school management is subdivided into securing school budget, reviewing and arranging the budgets demanded by teachers, executing school budgets, obtaining school equipments and facilities, maintaining school equipments and facilities, managing school feeding, organizing and operating school steering committee, reflecting the opinions of school steering committee. Third, The school curriculum should be developed by a job analysis and the teaching should reflect the analysis. Fourth, The area of the career path and the management of the career for young meisters includes the analysis of the demand of students, parents, and companies, the development of meister growth route and program for managing their career, and the analysis of meister growth route and reflection of the results of the analysis. Fifth, The field of guiding students includes supporting the students counseling service, and managing a variety of school events. 6th, In the realm of cooperation with communities are included designing programs for collaborating and training students with companies, building cooperation with companies, and obtaining supports from communities and related organizations. 7th, In the area of supporting teachers to improve their professional competence, it figured out that supporting teachers' voluntary learning and studying should take a top priority. In conclusion, it is necessary for meister high school principals to have capability to deal with meister growth route and career management, supporting collaboration with other organizations, building and managing laboratories, encouraging teachers' professional improvement, and operating school curriculum and teaching activities.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.267-286
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• 2013

Recently, the advanced company has been sparing no efforts in improving necessary core knowledge and technology to achieve outstanding work performance. In this rapidly changing knowledge-based society, the company has confronted the task of creating a high value-added knowledge. The role of R&D workforce that corresponds to the characteristic and role of knowledge worker is getting more significant. As the life cycle of technical knowledge and skill shortens, in every industry, the technical knowledge and skill have become essential elements for successful business. It is difficult to improve competitiveness of the company without enhancing the competency of individual and organization. As the competency development which is a part of human resource management in the company is being spread now, it is required to focus on the research of determining necessary competency and to analyze the competency of a core organization in the research institute. 'H' is the semiconductor manufacturing company which has a affiliated research institute with its own R&D engineers. Based on focus group interview and job analysis data, vision and necessary competency were confirmed. And to confirm whether the required competency by job is different or not, analysis was performed by dividing members into workers who are in charge of circuit design and design before process development and who are in the process actualization and process development. Also, this research included members' importance awareness of the determined competency. The interview and job analysis were integrated and analyzed after arranging by groups and contents and the analyzed results were resorted after comparative analysis with a competency dictionary of Spencer & Spencer and competency models which are developed from the advanced research. Derived main competencies are: challenge, responsibility, and prediction/responsiveness, planning a new business, achievement -oriented, training, cooperation, self-development, analytic thinking, scheduling, motivation, communication, commercialization of technology, information gathering, professionalism on the job, and professionalism outside of work. The highly required competency for both jobs was 'Professionalism'. 'Attitude', 'Performance Management', 'Teamwork' for workers in charge of circuit design and 'Challenge', 'Training', 'Professionalism on the job' and 'Communication' were recognized to be required competency for those who are in charge of process actualization and process development. With above results, this research has determined the necessary competency that the 'H' company's affiliated research institute needs and found the difference of required competency by job. Also, it has suggested more enthusiastic education methods or various kinds of education by confirming the importance awareness of competency and individual's level of awareness about the competency.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.147-211
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• 1995

Medication is a kind of medical service and a therapeutic nursing function which takes large portion of nursing service and requires complicated procedures. So many different medical personnel should be involved and cooporate each other in order to accomplish medication. Medication is also a vital nursing service, So nurse feels heavy responsibi lity in that she gives medication to the patient finally, so she has much responsibility if medication error is happened. Therefore it seems very important to clarify the problem of medication system and method, and find the subculture of medication situation because it may promote nursing productivity. The study was conducted to 1. Describe and interpret medication situation. 2. Find out the problem of medication system and method and on alternatives. 3. Compare the medication system and method of hospitals which are located in Seoul with object hospital Ethnographic methodology was used to study medication situation by doing participant observation and interview of health care personnel. Ten nurses and three nurse aids were interviewed. Two residents and internists, two phamacists and two accountants were also interviewed. Data was obtained and analized according to Developmental Research Sequence introduced by Spradly. On the basis of this data the results were as follows. 1. The overall flow of medication system was devided into six stage : first, checking doctor's order : second writing doctor's order, : third, transfering slip into the related departments such as account department, pharmacy : fourth, distribution of medication from pharmacy to unit : fifth, identifing medication by nurses : and finally, medicating to the patient. Behaviorors have been under a lot of stress in that they have to do much works, especially paperworks, So too much time were needed. They also have been suffered interpersonal conflicts among health care personnel and role conflicts in the process of doing medication service. 2. In the process of checking order, the problem was that too much time was required for checking order and paperwork. The more the order changes the more the paperwork is. Nurses have been suffering difficulties in calling internist in order to get bill. Even if writing down slip for medication order is doctor's job, Sometimes nurse has been expected to write slip by doctors or nurse would write slip beacuse of two much complexities and efforts for calling doctors. If the slip were incorrect, much time complicated procedures were more required for correcting it. So delay of administering drug would be resulted consequently. Drugs were delivered from pharmacy to units by delivery agent and phamacist. But because drugs were delivered without arranging room number of patient. Nurse should rearrange drugs in order of the room number So it had made waste time and effort, and Even when emergency drugs were needed, Prompt delivery of drug was not easy because of many reasons. For nurses, it took too long in the identification of the right drug. Actually nurses have heavy burden when medication error happens because nurse is the final actor who gives medication to the patient, So every three shift nurse ought to check drugs as soon as every shift begins. That's why it took too much time due to repeated confirming procedure. When nurses had to go patient room in order to give medications, there were difficulties in watching patient until the patient take medicine correctly. So it was impossible to check every patient wheather he took medicine or not especially in hectic situation. 3. There were many hospitals in Seoul which have similar medication system and method as object hospital according to the results of questionaire. This means that many hospitals have been suffering srimilar problems which were identified in object hospital. 4. Recommendations for promoting simplification of medication system and method were the following : Redesigning of slip from two pieces of paper into one : early discharge announcement system, and slip confirming through computer and controlling of period of prescreption from one day to two or three days : designing personal drug storage box for each patient and using it. If nurses follow the recommendations, they will make medication short & simple, and also have enough time of direct nursing care 5. Even though there were many difficulties in medicating patients. Medication itself has been considered as a caring among nurses because it makes rapport between nurse and patient. So nurses had better accept medication as a portion of nusing service not a original portion of phamacist. There are some limits in this research in terms of confining to only one unit of one hospital, and treating it especially in view of nurses' aspects, So further researchs should be continnued from various kmds of viewpoints of doctors, phamacists and so on. ${\cdot\cdot\cdot}$. Especially esthnographic study of computerized medication system and method seems to be followed.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.91-102
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• 2008

Purpose: To enlarge the efficiency of operation and establish a constituency for development of new radiotherapy treatment through database which is established by arranging and indexing radiotherapy related affairs in well organized manner to have easy access by the user. Materials and Methods: In this study, Access program provided by Microsoft (MS Office Access) was used to operate the data base. The data of radiation oncology was distinguished by a business logs and maintenance expenditure in addition to stock management of accessories with respect to affairs and machinery management. Data for education and research was distinguished by education material for department duties, user manual and related thesis depending upon its property. Registration of data was designed to have input form according to its subject and the information of data was designed to be inspected by making a report. Number of machine failure in addition to its respective repairing hours from machine maintenance expenditure in a period of January 2008 to April 2009 was analyzed with the result of initial system usage and one year after the usage. Results: Radiation oncology database system was accomplished by distinguishing work related and research related criteria. The data are arranged and collected according to its subjects and classes, and can be accessed by searching the required data through referring the descriptions from each criteria. 32.3% of total average time was reduced on analyzing repairing hours by acquiring number of machine failure in addition to its type in a period of January 2008 to April 2009 through machine maintenance expenditure. Conclusion: On distinguishing and indexing present and past data upon its subjective criteria through the database system for radiation oncology, the use of information can be easily accessed to enlarge the efficiency of operation, and in further, can be a constituency for improvement of work process by acquiring various information required for new radiotherapy treatment in real time.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2014

Purpose: Among different PET/CT devices which are composed of same PET model but different CT models, SUV, usually used for quantitative evaluation, was measured to assess the accuracy of follow up scans in different PET/CT and confirm that interequipment compatibility is useful in arranging the PET/CT exam appointment. Materials and Methods: Using ACR PET Phantom, PET NEMA IEC Body Phantom, SNM Chest Phantom and Ge-68 cylinder Phantom, $SUV_{mean}$ and $SUV_{max}$ was measured by 3 different models of PET/CT (Discovery 690, Discovery 690Elite and Discovery 710, GE) made in same company. ANOVA was used to evaluate the significant difference in the result. Results: In the result, the average of $SUV_{max}$ was D690 (25 mm-1.82, 16 mm-1.75, 12 mm-1.73, 8 mm-1.44), D690E (25 mm-1.76, 16 mm-1.92, 12 mm-1.78, 8 mm-1.55) and D710 (25 mm-1.84, 16 mm-1.89, 12 mm-1.77, 8 mm-1.61) in ACR Phantom, D690 (25 mm-2.26, 16 mm-2.25, 12 mm-1.92, 8 mm-1.85), D690E (25 mm-2.45, 16 mm-2.25, 12 mm-2.05 8 mm-1.91) and D710(25 mm-2.49, 16 mm-2.20, 1 2mm-2.30, 8 mm-2.05) in PET NEMA IEC Body Phantom, D690-1.04, D690E-1.10 and D710-1.09 in SNM Chest Phantom and D690-0.81, D690E-0.81, D710-0.84 in Ge-68 cylinder Phantom. The differences between average SUV of 4 phantoms were $SUV_{mean}$-1.87%, $SUV_{max}$-2.15%. And also as a result of ANOVA analysis, there was no significant difference statistically. Conclusion: If different models of PET/CT have same specification of PET system, there was no significant difference in $SUV_{mean}$ and $SUV_{max}$ even though they have different CT system. And also differences of $SUV_{mean}$ and $SUV_{max}$ in phantom images were under 5% which many manufacturers recommend. Therefore, follow up scan will be possible using different PET/CT if it has same specification of PET system with the previous PET/CT. This information will enable the accurate comparative analysis when conducting follow up scans and be helpful to schedule PET/CT exam more effectively.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.225-236
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate the Cyber Home Learning contents of Earth science area in the basic course of the $10^{th}$ grade. For this purpose, we applied the 'Cyber Home Study Content Quality Control Tool' presented in Elementary Secondary Education e-Learning Quality Management Guidelines (Ver.2.0)' of Korea Education & Research Information Service(2008). The results of Cyber home learning contents analysis are as follow: First, it was presented that the study guide introduced the contents which should be studied for one class, properly. And it was not analyzed that the diagnosis assesment was not completed in the initiative study; Second, it was possible to study choosing the contents fitting the learner's level of learning in the main study, it was comprised of about 10 minutes. Third, it was performed without feedback for incorrect answers in the learning assessment, just the number of wrong questions. And the learning arrangement present the important contents learned in that class, summarizing and arranging again. The results of evaluating the contents in Cyber Home Learning are as follows: First, in evaluation section of instructional design, many text materials which were so difficult for learners to read were explained, being provided. Besides, the systematic structures leaves much to be desired, in view of learners' learning experience, contents, and environment. And in evaluation section of learning contents, the error of contents caused the learning contents not to appear, the amount of learning in each section was found too much. Second, in evaluation section of the strategy for Teaching and Learning, when we mention the strategy of Self Directed Learning, the environment to make learners search for information free and self-study possible was not possessed well. And in evaluation section of interaction, it was found that a simple click caused the learning to go on. Third, in evaluation section of evaluating, it was evaluated that there was wanting in consistency in learning aims, contents, evaluation contents.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2015

As information technology fusion is accelerated, the researches to improve the quality and productivity of crops inside a plant factory actively progress. Advanced growth environment management technology that can provide thermal environment and air flow suited to the growth of crops and considering the characteristics inside a facility is necessary to maximize productivity inside a plant factory. Currently running plant factories are designed to rely on experience or personal judgment; hence, design and operation technology specific to plant factories are not established, inherently producing problems such as uneven crop production due to the deviation of temperature and air flow and additional increases in energy consumption after prolonged cultivation. The optimization process has to be set up in advance for the arrangement of air flow devices and operation technology using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) during the design stage of a facility for plant factories to resolve the problems. In this study, the optimum arrangement and air flow of air circulation fans were investigated to save energy while minimizing temperature deviation at each point inside a plant factory using CFD. The condition for simulation was categorized into a total of 12 types according to installation location, quantity, and air flow changes in air circulation fans. Also, the variables of boundary conditions for simulation were set in the same level. The analysis results for each case showed that an average temperature of 296.33K matching with a set temperature and average air flow velocity of 0.51m/s suiting plant growth were well-maintained under Case 4 condition wherein two sets of air circulation fans were installed at the upper part of plant cultivation beds. Further, control of air circulation fan set under Case D yielded the most excellent results from Case D-3 conditions wherein air velocity at the outlet was adjusted to 2.9m/s.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.93-103
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• 2015

In this study, it has an intention of arranging an implication based on an effective introduction of a wage peak system in Japan to settle a mandatory retirement at sixty according to a legalization of retirement age at sixty smoothly. Institutionally, retirement age guaranteed type that reduces wage from certain period before retirement is of great importance. In Japan, mainly features the extension of retirement age that focus on keeping aged employment after retirement. In the introduction of the wage peak system, Korea attaches importance to the wage cost savings, but Japan puts emphasis on using aging workforce. Korea wants to promote the aged employment for retirement age at 60, whereas Japan actively push ahead with retirement age 65 and after that time. South Korea needs to reinforce the pensionable age and the connection though the extension of retirement age via the manpower utilization, employment promotion and the stability. It is necessary to prepare a institutional plan to try not to make a gap of the pensions by guaranteeing or extending the retirement age connect to the age of pensioners though the wage peak system. To activate the wage peak system, it is necessary to acknowledge a legal improvement that concedes rational changes such as the rule of employment. An active interpretation is needed currently though, it is more necessary to review the stipulation and the rational changes of the rule of employment that is established by a precedent like the Japanese legislation case. When a disadvantageous change of works rules is made, it is able to consider establishing the provision in the Act on age Discrimination Prohibition in Employment and Aged Employment Promotion, therefore it won't be able to apply the regulation in the rational criterion that satisfies the standards, rather than amending a Article 94 of the Labor Standards Act that makes accepting the approval of the majority of workers.