• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 2020

This study was conducted to establish optimal high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) conditions for estimation of the ergothioneine contents in the three kinds of water extracts of Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae (Meaksong, Beesan No. 2, Baekwhang). By comparing the four different HPLC conditions, optimun condition for quantifying the contents of ergotioneine was established (shodex HILIC column, 35 ℃, 1.0 mL/min). By this method, the contents of ergothioneine in Meakong (3.04 ± 0.02 mg/g), Beesan No. 2 (3.15 ± 0.05 mg/g) and Baewhang (1.13 ± 0.07 mg/g) were estimated. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenger activities of these three kinds of Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae were estimated and the contents of total phenol and flavonoid were also estimated. Taken together, this study establish an optimun HPLC condition for determining the ergothioneine contents in water extracts of Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae. Furthermore water extracts of Maesong and Beesan No. 2 showed relatively high contents of ergothioneine and antioxidant activity, suggesting that these materials could be used as potential antioxidant in developing functional cosmetics.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.34-41
• /
• 2016

Black chokeberries (scientific name Aronia melanocarpa) have been reported to have major effects due to anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer capabilities. In this study, we investigated the anti- wrinkle effects of A. melanocarpa, including collagenase inhibition effects and their molecular biological mechanisms, such as oxidative stress-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, and activator protein (AP)-1 expression and/or phosphorylation. In collagenase inhibition activity, the ethyl acetate fraction of black chokeberry (AE) was 77.2% at a concentration of 500 μg/ml, which was a significant result compared to that of Epigallocatechin gallate (positive control, 83.9% in 500 μg/ml). In the reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, the AE produced 78% of ROS in 10 μg/ml and 70% of ROS in 75 μg/ml, which was a much lower percentage than the ROS production of H₂O₂-induced CCRF S-180II cells. In the MTT assay, cell viability was increased dose-dependently with AE in H₂O₂-induced cells. In protein expression by western blot assay, the AE suppressed the expression and phosphorylation of MMPs (MMP-1, -3, -9), MAPK (ERK, JNK, and p38), and AP-1 (c-Fos and c-Jun), and expressed the pro-collagen type I in H₂O₂-induced cells. These results suggest that black chokeberries have anti-wrinkle and collagen-production effects, and they may be used in applications for material development in the functional food and cosmetic industries.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.52 no.2
• /
• pp.58-64
• /
• 2009

Total polyphenol contents and antioxidative activity of water and ethanol extracts from Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) leaves, branches (bough and twig) and roots were analyzed. The level of crude ash and crude protein in water extract of leaves, branches (bough and twig), and roots were shown to be a bit higher than ethanol extracts. Especially crude protein contents from water extract of leaves, bough, twig, and roots were 14.90, 18.60, 18.03, and 16.61% respectively. Total polyphenol content of ethanol extracts of all parts of Sea buckthorn was ranged from 106.33${\pm}$2.32 ${\mu}g/g$ to 147.78${\pm}$3.06 ${\mu}g/g$ showing higher amount than water extracts. To investigate antioxidative activity of Sea buckthorn, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, hydroxy radical scavenging activity, and SOD-like activity were analyzed. The results showed that the antioxidative activity of ethanol extracts was relatively higher than water extracts. The $IC_{50}$ values for DPPH free radical scavenging activity was ranged from 23.58${\pm}$0.84 ${\mu}g/mL$ to 59.35${\pm}$1.69 ${\mu}g/mL$. Compared to 68.85${\pm}$1.44% of SOD-like activity from L-ascorbic acid used as a control, the ethanol extract of Sea buckthorn branches showed relatively strong activity of 35.03${\pm}$2.33%. The highest hydroxy radical scavenging activity was shown as 66.12${\pm}$8.73% from ethanol extract of Sea buckthorn roots which was similar value to 72.47${\pm}$2.83% of L-ascorbic acid.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.33 no.7
• /
• pp.1079-1084
• /
• 2004

The present study was conducted to compare antioxidant activity of green teas, fermented teas and other related common teas by examining radical scavenging activity using DPPH (2,2 diphenyl l-picryl hydrazyl). Scavenging activity ($SC_{50}$/) of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) for 0.1 mM DPPH radical was 5.5 $\mu$M or 4.2 mg/L by weight, then catechin, 14 $\mu$M or 2.5 mg/L and vitamin C, 22 $\mu$M or 3.9 mg/L, respectively. Kyokuro tea (okro) powder of 24.2 mg/L or green tea powder of 25.2 mg/L was used to reach $SC_{50}$/ for 0.1 mM DPPH. One serving of 2 g green tea provides antioxidant activity equivalent to 109∼147 mg EGCG, 145∼185 mg catechin or 131∼168 mg vitamin C. Teas from the first harvest had the highest radical scavenging activity when compared with later harvest green teas grown in the same region, but there is virtually no difference by the harvest time. A Chinese green tea, Dragon well had the highest antioxidant activity among other green teas tested providing antioxidant capacity equivalent to 168 mg EGCG or 188 mg vitamin C per 2 g serving, but partially fermented Chinese teas had much lower antioxidant activity than any green tea tested. Black tea which is fully fermented showed as strong antioxidant activity as green teas (76.3 mg vs 86.7∼67.6 mg per tea bag). One tea bag of green teas from market provided antioxidant capacity equivalent to 52∼86 mg EGCG, 70∼105 mg catechin or 63-96 mg vitamin C. Teas made of persimmon leaf, pine needle, mulberry leaf had comparatively low anti-oxidant activity equivalent to 2.5∼4.8 mg EGCG or 15∼21 mg vitamin C per teabag. The third brewed green tea still had enough antioxidant activity, while tea from tea bag brewed for 3 min or 5 min did not have any difference in their antioxidant activity. More systemic studies are needed to clarify the relationship between tea catechins and antioxidant capacity focusing on how growing, harvest time, fermentation and other processes can influence on this.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.287-297
• /
• 2024

It was confirmed that complex fermentation (CF) was more efficient than single-strain fermentations in inducing changes in the contents of phenolic compounds of Maclura tricuspidate and Pyrus Montana Nakai. A mixture of Maclura tricuspidata, Pyrus montana Nakai, Platycodon grandiflorum and Codonopsis lanceolata were fermented in CF using Aspergillus shirousamii (koji), yeast, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for 24 days, and the pH, °Brix, total acidity, anti-oxidant activity, polyphenol content, nitric oxide (NO), and Western blotting of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), and tumor necrosis factor-𝛼 (TNF-𝛼) of the sample were determined. There was no significant change in pH and total acidity. °Brix significantly decreased from day 6 onwards. HPLC confirmed that the concentrations of chlorogenic acid, 4-hydrobenzoic acid, vanillic acid, and caffeic acid significantly increased from day 18 during the fermentation. Additionally, DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity, total phenol, and total flavonoid were confirmed to be increased until 18 days. NO was significantly inhibited from day 6, along with significant inhibition of iNOS, COX-2, and TNF-a. In conclusion, this study confirmed that CF of low-use (or underutilized) wild vegetables enhances phenolic compounds. It effectively suppresses NO, iNOS, COX-2, and TNF-𝛼, markers of inflammation-related pathogenesis. Altogether, our results suggest that CF of the above plants has a potential anti-inflammatory effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.45 no.1
• /
• pp.12-19
• /
• 2016

The probiotic effects of kimchi lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Lactobacillus plantarum (Lab. plantarum) and Leuconostoc mesenteroides (Leu. mesenteroides), were studied. Lab. plantarum KCCM 11352P (LPpnu) and Leu. mesenteroides KCCM 11353P (LMpnu) were isolated from kimchi and were the predominant LAB. We compared their probiotic effects with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LRgg), a well-known probiotic LAB. LPpnu showed better probiotic activities than LRgg. LMpnu also exhibited almost equal activities as LRgg. These two kimchi LAB strains exhibited resistance to gastric and bile acid, adhesion to intestines, and thermal stability. In particular, LPpnu showed excellent probiotic properties. In addition, LPpnu showed greater antioxidant activity by scavenging DPPH radicals or hydroxyl radicals than LMpnu or LRgg. LPpnu also inhibited growth of HT-29 human colon cancer cells by inducing apoptosis, increasing Bax and suppressing Bcl-2 expression compared to LMpnu or LRgg. Taken together, LPpnu and LMpnu could be used as probiotics, and LPpnu exhibited the most beneficial probiotic activities with anti-oxidant and anti-cancer properties.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.43 no.6
• /
• pp.822-828
• /
• 2014

Allium sacculiferum Max. (ASM) is a perennial plant of the Liliaceae family and grows over the entire regions of Korea. Obesity is a serious health problem worldwide and has currently become a prevalent chronic disease. Adipocytes produced by preadipocyte differentiation during adipogenesis and adipocytes combined with abnormal accumulation cause obesity. Recently, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were shown to accelerate lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of ASM methanol extracts on ROS production and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Our results indicate that the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of ASM methanol extracts increased in a dose-dependent manner. ASM methanol extracts suppressed ROS production and lipid accumulation during adipogenesis. In addition, ASM methanol extracts inhibited the mRNA expression of both pro-oxidant enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase as well as the transcription factors, including sterol regulatory element-binding proteins 1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ${\alpha}$. Our results suggest that ASM methanol extracts inhibit ROS production and lipid accumulation by controlling ROS regulatory genes and adipogenic transcription factors. Thus, ASM has potent natural antioxidant, anti-adipogenic properties and have potential in the development of a potent anti-obesity agent.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.21-28
• /
• 2020

Objectives : The objective of this study was to investigate the improvement effect of Sprout of Coix lacryma-jobi var. mayuen Stapf water extract (SC) on the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis mice. Methods : The antioxidant activity of SC was measured through total polyphenol and total flavonoid content in vitro. The experiment was conducted with seven-week-old male Balb/c mice. After 1 week adaptation, acute colitis was induced by oral administration of 5% DSS dissolved in drinking water, for 7 days. And normal mice received drinking water without DSS throughout the entire experimental period. For each experiment, the mice were divided into 4 groups and 24 colitis mice were arbitrarily allocated into 3 groups (n = 8/group); Normal group, Control group, SC 100 mg/kg treated group (SCL), SC 200 mg/kg treated group (SCH). Serum and colon tissues were collected after one weeks of drug administration. Results : ROS levels, ONOO^- levels, AST, and ALT in serum were decreased in SC treated groups compared to the control group. Western blotting measurements of Nrf2, HO-1, SOD, catalase, GPx-1/2, IL-4, IL-10, and Bcl2 showed that the SC treated groups was increased compared to the Control group. Also, western blot measurements of NF-κBp65, p-IκBα, COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, Bax, and Caspase-3 showed that the SC treated groups was reduced compared to the Control group. Conclusion : Taken together, these results suggest that SC treatment can attenuate the DSS-induced colitis though inhibiting NF-κB pathway and enhancing Nrf2 pathway. Therefore, SC was the potential to be used as a natural therapeutic drug.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.22 no.8
• /
• pp.991-998
• /
• 2012

Ginseng is one of the most commonly used herbal medicines and health foods. Korean red ginseng (KRG; Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) extract is known to have potential therapeutic activities, such as anti-viral effects, the amelioration of food allergies, anti-oxidant effects, and obesity reduction. Nevertheless, no reports have been issued the modulatory effects of KRG extract on the activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP). In the present study, we investigated the modulatory effect of KRG extract in vitro and in vivo by using pooled human liver microsomes and male ICR mice. When human liver microsomes were incubated with KRG extract at 0.01-10 mg/ml, CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A were not significantly inhibited by KRG extract, although CYP2B6 was slightly inhibited. Mice were orally administered KRG extract at 50, 250, or 500 mg/kg daily for 3, 7, or 14 days. However, the activities of CYPs in mouse livers were not significantly different from those of vehicle-treated controls. In conclusion, no significant ginseng-drug interaction was observed. KRG extract did not significantly modulate the activities of CYPs in vitro or in vivo.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.59-67
• /
• 2016

Platycodon grandiflorum A. De Candolle (Korean name, ‘Doraji’) is a perennial plant containing various triterpenoid saponins. The roots of this plant have traditionally been used as a food material in Korea. Here, we prepared a fermented P. grandiflorum extract (PG). Although it was previously reported that P. grandiflorum A. extract has a variety of physiological functionalities, including anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities, little is known about its vascular functions. In this study, we executed a series of experiments to identify the effect of PG on endothelial cells. PG at a high concentration (100 μg/ml) was found to induce cell detachment, whereas PG at a low concentration (0.1 μg/ml) appeared to promote cell proliferation and migration in bovine aortic endothelial cells. The cell detachment induced by the high concentration was not associated with cell death, such as apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. In addition, we found that PG at the high concentration formed a small vesicular structure called an endothelial microparticle (EMP). The EMP was prepared by centrifugal fractionation and determined with flow cytometry and a microscope. Interestingly, PG-induced cell detachment was found to be mediated by EMP. We furthermore determined that PG at the low concentration activated Akt, a crucial cell-signaling molecule, and then controlled cell proliferation and migration. Overall, our findings suggest that PG at low doses maintains vascular stability by promoting endothelial cell proliferation, and enhances the efficacy of wound healing by cell proliferation and migration activity.