• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.349-356
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• 2015

본 논문은 LTE Band 5(824~894 MHz)에서 모노폴 타입과 슬롯 타입을 적용하여 저상관도를 갖는 MIMO(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) 안테나 설계를 제안한다. 두 안테나 사이의 상관도 성능을 향상시키기 위하여 설치되는 그라운드의 특성 모드 이론에 기초하여 안테나의 형태를 서로 다르게 제작하였다. 논문에서 제안하는 MIMO 안테나는 각각 PIFA와 슬롯 안테나로 구성되어 있고, 두 개 모두 PIFA(Planar Inverted F Antenna)로 제작한 경우와 상관도 성능을 비교하였다. 서로 다른 구조의 두 개의 PIFA 타입으로 제작된 MIMO 안테나의 평균 상관 계수는 0.71로 매우 높았으나, 본 논문에서 제안된 MIMO 안테나는 0.17로 상관도 특성이 매우 낮아짐을 확인할 수 있었다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.1606-1626
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• 2012

This paper investigates the performance of an amplify-and-forward (AF) two-way relaying system with antenna correlation. The system consists of two multiple-antenna sources, which exchange information via the aid of a single-antenna relay. In particular, we derive the exact outage probability expression. Furthermore, we provide a simple, tight closed-form lower bound for the outage probability. Based on the lower bound, we obtain the closed-form asymptotic outage probability and the average symbol error rate expressions at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which reveal the system's diversity order and coding gain with antenna correlation. To investigate the system's throughput performance with antenna correlation, we also derive a closed-form lower bound for the average sum-rate, which is quite tight from medium to high SNR regime. The analytical results readily enable us to obtain insight into the effect of antenna correlation on the system's performance. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to verify the analytical results.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2013

Research on calibration of array antenna has become a hot spot in the area of signal processing and it is necessary to obtain the phase mismatch of each antenna channel. This paper presents a new calibration method for an array antenna system. In order to calibrate the phase mismatch of each antenna channel, we used primary synchronization signal (PSS) which exists in LTE downlink frame. Primary synchronization signal (PSS) is based on a Zadoff-Chu sequence which has a good correlation characteristic. By using correlation calculation, we can extract primary synchronization signal (PSS). After extracting primary synchronization signal (PSS), we use it to calibrate and reduce the phase errors of each antenna channel. In order to verify the new array antenna calibration algorithm which is proposed in this paper, we have simulated the proposed algorithm by using MATLAB. The array antenna system consists of two antenna elements. The phase mismatch of first antenna and second antenna is calculated accurately by proposed algorithm in the experiment test. Theory analysis and MATLAB simulation results are shown to verify the calibration algorithm.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.155-158
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• 2014

This letter presents an antenna design method for an orthogonally-polarized dual antenna for use in mobile stations (MSs) and includes a verification method for improving the link-level throughput performance of an MS that uses a proposed multiple-input multiple-output antenna. The link-level throughput performance of an MS is strongly related to the correlation between antenna branches, which is determined by the cross polarization discrimination of the second branch antenna, both numerically and experimentally.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.303-308
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• 2018

This paper proposes a simple yet accurate method for estimating the antenna correlation coefficient (ACC) of a high-order multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna. The conventional method employed to obtain the ACC from three-dimensional radiation patterns is costly and difficult to measure. An alternate method is to use the S-parameters, which can be easily measured using a network analyzer. However, this method assumes that the antennas are highly efficient, and it is therefore not suitable for lossy MIMO antenna arrays. To overcome this limitation, we define and utilize the non-coupled radiation efficiency in the S-parameter-based ACC formula. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified by the simulation results of a 4-port highly coupled lossy MIMO array. Further, the proposed method can be applied to N-port arrays by expanding the calculation matrix.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.570-581
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• 2018

This work analyzes the performance of implementable detectors for the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique under specific and realistic operation system conditions, including antenna correlation and array configuration. A time-domain channel model was used to evaluate the system performance under realistic communication channel and system scenarios, including different channel correlation, modulation order, and antenna array configurations. Several MIMO-OFDM detectors were analyzed for the purpose of achieving high performance combined with high capacity systems and manageable computational complexity. Numerical Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate the channel selectivity effect, while the impact of the number of antennas, adoption of linear against heuristic-based detection schemes, and the spatial correlation effect under linear and planar antenna arrays are analyzed in the MIMO-OFDM context.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.765-773
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• 2008

Spatial correlation is a result of insufficient antenna spacing among multiple antenna elements, while temporal correlation is caused by Doppler spread. This paper compares the effect of spatial and temporal correlation in order to investigate the performance of multiuser scheduling algorithms in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) broadcast channels. This comparison includes the effect on the ergodic capacity, on fairness among users, and on the sum-rate capacity of a multiuser scheduling algorithm utilizing statistical channel state information in spatio-temporally correlated MIMO broadcast channels. Numerical results demonstrate that temporal correlation is more meaningful than spatial correlation in view of the multiuser scheduling algorithm in MIMO broadcast channels. Indeed, the multiuser scheduling algorithm can reduce the effect of the Doppler spread if it exploits the information of temporal correlation appropriately. However, the effect of spatial correlation can be minimized if the antenna spacing is sufficient in rich scattering MIMO channels regardless of the multiuser scheduling algorithm used.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.422-436
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• 2020

In this paper, we investigate the impact of antenna correlation on secure transmission in a multi-eavesdropper single-input multiple-output (SIMO) system, where the receiver and eavesdroppers are equipped with correlated antennas. Based on the practical passive eavesdropping system, the new closed-form expressions of secrecy outage probability (SOP) and non-zero secrecy capacity probability are derived to explore the effect of antenna correlation on the system with multiple eavesdroppers. To further analyze the secrecy performance of the investigated system, we theoretically derive the expression of asymptotic SOP to clearly show the diversity order and array gain. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations verify the effectiveness of our theoretical results.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 L자형 Inset 급전구조를 갖는 U슬롯 마이크로스트립 패치 안테나의 파라미터와 이중공진 간의 상관관계를 분석하고 이를 이용하여 광대역 안테나를 설계하고자 하였다. 첫 번째 단계에서는 안테나의 성능에 영향을 주는 안테나 파라미터의 변화를 통해서 이중공진이 발생하는 케이스를 분류하였다. 두 번째 단계에서는 각 안테나 파라미터가 공진점의 위치, 세기와 3dB 대역폭에 미치는 상관관계를 분석하였다. 다음으로는 좁은 대역폭을 갖는 U슬롯 안테나 케이스에서 앞서 제시한 두 번째 단계에서의 상관관계를 이용하여 넓은 대역폭을 갖도록 설계하는 과정을 안테나 시뮬레이션을 통해 확인하였다. 마지막으로 설계된 안테나를 제작하였으며, 그 상관관계 분석을 통한 안테나 광대역화의 유효성을 입증하였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.5745-5758
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• 2017

In this paper, we develop a simple but very effective 4 by 4 Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna system for mobile phones consisting of different types of antennas to achieve low correlation property at the frequency ranges of 1710 to 2170 MHz, which covers wide LTE service bands, from band 1 to band 4. The proposed antenna system consists of two pair of antennas. Each pair consists of a planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) and a coupling antenna which has the property of the loop. The use of two different antenna types of IFA and a coupling achieves high isolation. Proposed antenna system occupies relatively small area and positions at the four corners of a printed circuit board. The gap between the two antennas is 4 mm, in order to realize the good isolation performance. To evaluate the performance of our proposed antenna system, we perform various experiments. The proposed antenna shows a wide operating bandwidth greater than 460 MHz with isolation between the feeding ports higher than 17.5-dB. It also shows that the proposed antenna has low Envelop Correlation Coefficient (ECC) values smaller than 0.08 over the all desired frequency tuning ranges.