• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.210-218
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• 1998

The ATO(Automatic Train Operation) System is used for train operation instead of drivers. It is interfaced with TCMS(Train Control and Monitoring System) and ATC/TWC system in the train and wayside facilities. In this paper describes configuration of ATO, specification of ATO hardware, construction of ATO software and the algorithm fur automatic train speed regulation in the carborn ATO system. ATO Application Software is consist of ART, SPR, REG, SRV and PSM tasks. ART task is main control part of the ATO that determine ATO control, ATO mode, state transition. SPR determine speed reference according to train motion status, track data, train data and restricted train speed. REG task regulated train speed form the starting of one station to the precision stop at the other station under the result of ART and SPR tasks. In this paper, a algorithm for the train speed regulation while running is described.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.409-417
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• 2022

The International Association of Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) utilizes a questionnaire to investigate the status of Aids to Navigation (AtoN) around the world. However, results of the IALA questionnaire have limited use because respondent understanding is inconsistent. In addition, there is uncertainty regarding the appropriateness of the questionnaire content. Furthermore, the overall response rate is low. Therefore, the status of AtoN is not clearly understood. AtoN data from around the world are generated hourly. Thus, big data solutions are required to effectively exploit the information. Digitization of analog data is an important component of building big data. Hence, the IALA has developed a Maritime Resource Name (MRN) scheme and an information exchange standard. Here, we used the AtoN information exchange standard and designed an S-201-based big data construction process that could collect and manage global AtoN information. In this study, construction of an IALA AtoN portal was proposed as the core of the construction of the AtoN big data. The process was divided into three stages. IALA AtoN portal is developed by IALA with the goal to provide various meaningful statistical analysis results based on AtoN data while managing AtoN information around the world based on S-201. If an AtoN portal capable of constructing S-201-based big data is developed, then a data collection and storage system that can gather basic S-201 AtoN data from the IALA and global AtoN management agencies could be achieved. Furthermore, insightful statistical analysis of AtoN status worldwide and changes in manufacturing technology will be possible.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.311-316
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• 2010

This study aimed to prepare antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) dispersion with high stability. The methods to achieve this goal were sought by investigating the changes of ATO particle size, size distribution, dispersion property as wet ball milling treatment time increased. And the changes of wet ball milled ATO dispersion property were also investigated, as pH increased. The changes of ATO particle size and size distribution, according to wet ball milling treatment time were evaluated with laser diffraction particle size analyzer and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The changes of ATO dispersion property, as wet ball milling treatment time and pH increased, were evaluated with zeta potential analysis and Turbiscan. By 60 min wet ball milling treatment time, ATO particle size decreased and size distribution became narrower, as the treatment time increased. After 60 min milling, the ATO particle size decreased to less than 30% of the initial size and the size distribution was narrowed to $0.1{\sim}5{\mu}m$ from $1{\sim}35{\mu}m$. However, more than 60 min milling, ATO particles aggregated and the particle size increased. ATO dispersion stability also increased as the treatment time and pH increased because the reduced particle size increased particle surface energy and repulsion between particles and the increased pH enhanced particle surface ionization. Hence, after proper length of wet ball milling treatment, highly stable ATO dispersion can be prepared, as increasing pH of the dispersion.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.45
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• pp.5-50
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• 2015

In 2012, the International Council on Archives(ICA) distributed AtoM public release, an archival description software based on web, for free to support small archival institutions. The purpose of AtoM project was to let a single or multiple repositories describe archival materials based on ICA descriptive standards and access via a web browser. The value of AtoM project is to promote actual business experience by sharing technical expertise and form active community between users and developers. Recently, there is a growing interest in open source software in the field of domestic record management. This interest is to not only reduce cost, but to escape technology dependencies and to address requirements on the field. The critical mind of this study lies in the fact that there is no practical methodology to establish AtoM system. Even when using AtoM itself, basic tasks such as the migration of the existing data or the improvement of user interface are required. That is why this study suggests the process and methodologies to establish and customize archival information system based on AtoM software.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.178.1-178
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• 2001

The ATO(Automatic Train Operation) System is used for train operation instead of dreivers. It is interfaced with TCMS(Train Control and Monitoring System) and ATC/TWC system in the train and wayside facilities. In this paper describes configuration of ATO, Specification of ATO hardware, construction of ATO software and the algorithm for automatic train speed regulation in the carborn ATO system. This paper is mainly concerned with the development of the ATO System. The ATO system is used for automatic or driverless operation of a train using various informations from TCMS, ATC, TWC. In this paper, the general architecture of the ATO system, implementation of ATO application software and the algorithm using servo-controller for automatic train speed controller.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.276.1-276.1
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 차세대 유연 투명 히터 (Flexible and transparent heater) 제작을 위한 ATO 나노입자-은 네트워크 하이브리드 투명 전극의 특성을 연구하였다. 최적화된 은 네트워크 (Self-assembled Ag network) 투명 전극 상에 20-30 nm의 직경을 가지는 ATO (Sb-doped $SnO_2$) 나노입자를 스프레이 방식으로 상압, 상온에서 코팅하여 인쇄형 ATO-은 네트워크 하이브리드 투명 전극을 구현하였다. 스프레이로 코팅된 투명 ATO 나노 입자는 은 네트워크 전극의 빈 공간을 매워 줌으로써 은 네트워크 간의 연결성 및 표면 조도를 낮춰주어 유연 투명 히터 작동 시 전류의 집중 현상을 막아줄 수 있다. ATO-은 네트워크 하이브리드 투명 전극의 최적화를 위해 스프레이 횟수에 따른 하이브리드 투명 전극의 전기적, 광학적, 표면 특성을 분석하였으며, 최적의 조건에서 14 Ohm/square의 면저항과 66%의 투과도를 가지는 하이브리드 투명 전극을 구현하였다. 또한 FESEM 분석을 통해 ATO-은 네트워크 하이브리드 전극의 표면 및 계면 구조를 연구하고 ATO 코팅이 은 네트워크 전극의 특성에 미치는 영향을 규명하였다. 최적화된 ATO-은 네트워크 하이브리드 투명 전극을 이용하여 유연 투명 히터를 제작하고 전압에 따른 히터의 온도의 변화를 측정하여 차세대 유연 투명 히터용 투명 전극으로 인쇄기반 ATO-은 네트워크 하이브리드 투명 전극의 가능성을 확인하였다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 2008

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) can affect many biological functions such as apoptosis and differentiation in various cells. We investigated the involvement of ROS and GSH in ATO-induced HeLa cell death using ROS scavengers, especially N-acetylcysteine (NAC). ATO increased intracellular ${O_2}^{{\cdot}-}$ levels and reduced intracellular GSH content. The ROS scavengers, Tempol, Tiron and Trimetazidine, did not significantly reduce levels of ROS or GSH depletion in ATO-treated HeLa cells. Nor did they reduce the apoptosis induced by ATO. In contrast, treatment with NAC reduced ROS levels and GSH depletion in the ATO-treated HeLa cells and prevented ATO-induced apoptosis. Treatment with exogenous SOD and catalase reduced the depletion of GSH content in ATO-treated cells. Catalase strongly protected the cells from ATO-induced apoptosis. In addition, treatment with SOD, catalase and NAC slightly inhibited the G1 phase accumulation induced by ATO. In conclusion, NAC protects HeLa cells from apoptosis induced by ATO by up-regulating intracellular GSH content and partially reducing the production of ${O_2}^{{\cdot}-}$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.129-133
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• 2006

In China, the traditional method of artificial and periodical cruise is still adopted for the AtoN management, which has brought many disadvantages to the work of the AtoN management, such as non real-time, fallibility, and low efficiency However, with the rapid development of AIS technique, now AIS equipments have been widely installed on ships, and on the other hand China Maritime Safety Administration (abr. China MSA) is carrying out the scheme of AIS base station network in china, based on which the digital AtoN will develop in the future. According to what have been analyzed above, this paper puts forward a design of AtoN wireless surveillance system based on AIS. The system consists of AIS on AtoN, AIS base station and AtoN management center. It can provide such functions as the information gathering, managing of AtoN and the service of navigation assistance. This paper gives the whole design including the work theory, the hardware structure and the software scheme of the system, and finally gives the simulation software of the AtoN management center. The AtoN wireless surveillance system brought forward by this paper will be more efficient with less repair cost and less work of the supervisors. It will bring revolutionary progress in the navigation aids system in China.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.229-230
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• 2022

Smart AtoN(Aids to Navigation) that meet the future environment will generate variety of information and be provided in variety. In order to provide a customized service to marine users, the managers of AtoN should be able to check the any time and data in the desired format. In addition, in order to properly manage the AtoN in the future, it is necessary to identify the cause of the AtoN accidents and make efforts to prevent accident. In this study, 7 types of causes and 11 types of accidents were presented for AtoN accidents.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.267-274
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• 1999

This paper is mainly concerned with the development of the ATO(Automatic Train Operation) System. The ATO system is used for automatic or driverless operation of a train using various informations from TCMS, ATC, TWC. In this paper, the general architecture of the ATO system, implementation of ATO application software and the algorithm using servo-controller for automatic train speed restriction/regulation is presented.