• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.457-468
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• 2015

The aim of present paper is to investigate 3-dimensional ${\xi}$-projectively flt and $\tilde{\varphi}$-projectively flt normal almost paracontact metric manifolds. As a first step, we proved that if the 3-dimensional normal almost paracontact metric manifold is ${\xi}$-projectively flt then ${\Delta}{\beta}=0$. If additionally ${\beta}$ is constant then the manifold is ${\beta}$-para-Sasakian. Later, we proved that a 3-dimensional normal almost paracontact metric manifold is $\tilde{\varphi}$-projectively flt if and only if it is an Einstein manifold for ${\alpha},{\beta}=const$. Finally, we constructed an example to illustrate the results obtained in previous sections.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.1365-1373
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• 2015

We find all ${\mathcal{F}}{\mathcal{M}}_m$-natural operators A transforming torsion free classical linear connections ${\nabla}$ on m-manifolds M into base preserving fibred maps $A({\nabla}):{\bar{J}}^rY{\rightarrow}J^rY$ for ${\mathcal{F}}{\mathcal{M}}_m$-objects Y with bases M, where ${\bar{J}}^r$, $J^r$ are the semiholonomic and holonomic jet functors of order r on the category ${\mathcal{F}}{\mathcal{M}}_m$ of fibred manifolds with m-dimensional bases and their fibred maps with embeddings as base maps.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.635-645
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• 2002

Two examples of $\varepsilon$-famed manifolds are constructed. It is proved that an $\varepsilon$-framed structure on a manifold is not unique. Automorphism groups of r-framed manifolds are studied. Lastly we prove that a connected Lie group G admits a left invariant normal $\varepsilon$-framed structure if and only if the Lie algebra of all left invariant vector fields on G is an $\varepsilon$-framed Lie algebra.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.713-724
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• 2005

We prove that a (k, $\mu$)-manifold with vanishing E­Bochner curvature tensor is a Sasakian manifold. Several interesting corollaries of this result are drawn. Non-Sasakian (k, $\mu$)­manifolds with C-Bochner curvature tensor B satisfying B $(\xi,\;X)\;\cdot$ S = 0, where S is the Ricci tensor, are classified. N(K)-contact metric manifolds $M^{2n+1}$, satisfying B $(\xi,\;X)\;\cdot$ R = 0 or B $(\xi,\;X)\;\cdot$ B = 0 are classified and studied.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.537-547
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• 1995

Numerical study on the chaotic stirring of viscous flow in an alternately driven cavity has been performed. Even under the Stokes-flow assumption, the inherent singularity at the corners made the problem not so easily accessible. With some special treatments to the region near the corners, the biharmonic equation was solved numerically by using the fully implicit method. The velocity field was then used in obtaining the trajectories of passive particles for studying the stirring effect. The three tools developed in the field of the nonlinear dynamics and chaos, that are the Poincare sections, the unstable manifolds, and the Lyapunov exponents, were used in analysing the stirring effect. It was shown that the unstable manifolds obtained in this study well fit the experimental results given by the previous investigators. It is predicted that the best stirring can be obtained when the aspect ratio a is near 0.8 and the dimensionless period T is in the range 4.3 - 4.7.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.615-621
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• 2010

We study pseudo symmetric (briefly $(PS)_n$) and pseudo Ricci symmetric (briefly $(PRS)_n$) warped product manifolds $M{\times}_FN$. If M is $(PS)_n$, then we give a condition on the warping function that M is a pseudosymmetric space and N is a space of constant curvature. If M is $(PRS)_n$, then we show that (i) N is Ricci symmetric and (ii) M is $(PRS)_n$ if and only if the tensor T defined by (2.6) satisfies a certain condition.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.773-793
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• 2005

We consider interesting conditions, one of which will be called the disjoint $(A^2,\;D^2)-pair$ property, on genus $g{\geq}2$ Heegaard splittings of compact orient able 3-manifolds. Here a Heegaard splitting $(C_1,\;C_2;\;F)$ admits the disjoint $(A^2,\;D^2)-pair$ property if there are an essential annulus Ai normally embedded in $C_i$ and an essential disk $D_j\;in\;C_j((i,\;j)=(1,\;2)\;or\;(2,\;1))$ such that ${\partial}A_i$ is disjoint from ${\partial}D_j$. It is proved that all genus $g{\geq}2$ Heegaard splittings of toroidal manifolds and Seifert fibered spaces admit the disjoint $(A^2,\;D^2)-pair$ property.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.739-751
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• 2020

The object of the offering exposition is to study almost Ricci soliton and gradient almost Ricci soliton in 3-dimensional para-Sasakian manifolds. At first, it is shown that if (g, V, λ) be an almost Ricci soliton on a 3-dimensional para-Sasakian manifold M, then it reduces to a Ricci soliton and the soliton is expanding for λ=-2. Besides these, in this section, we prove that if V is pointwise collinear with ξ, then V is a constant multiple of ξ and the manifold is of constant sectional curvature -1. Moreover, it is proved that if a 3-dimensional para-Sasakian manifold admits gradient almost Ricci soliton under certain conditions then either the manifold is of constant sectional curvature -1 or it reduces to a gradient Ricci soliton. Finally, we consider an example to justify some results of our paper.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.421-429
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• 2008

We study invariant lightlike submanifolds and almost contact CR-lightlike submanifolds of an indefinite cosymplectic manifold.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.67-69
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• 1991